Estrada Saraiva Treefrog

Diagnosis Morphological characters of the group of Dendropsophus marmoratus group. Webs shorter, skin more pustular, dorsal pattern diverse. Size large for the group: males 37-45, 2 females 49 and 46 mm, snout-vent. Dorsal color tones of gray or brown, somewhat purplish or ruddy. Dorsal pattern composed of irregular, insular, angular, elongate, occasionally oblique, sometimes confluent spots on a lighter background; minute glandules at the angles of the spots and over the dorsal surface of the body and limbs, especially on the head, eyelids, and edges which outline the frog in repose. Probably a reddish flash-color in life. A marked thoracic fold, a small patagium (humerothoracic fold). Webs shorter than in other members of the group.

Serra do Mar in Northeastern of Santa Catarina to Southeastern of Paraná States, Brazil.

mentol (1)

Adult morphology Description of 3 male syntypes. Size relatively large, 42, 41, and 40 mm snout-vent; hind limb 70, 70, 66 mm. Build robust. Hind limb short, the tibiotarsal articulation reaching the eye when the leg is adpressed. Head often depressed in dead specimens, short, very slightly wider than long; occipital outline distinct, narrowed behind. Snout very short, truncate between the nostrils, rounded in front, falling almost vertically in profile; canthus rostralis blunt, loreal region high, slightly concave. Eye very prominent, slightly longer than the distance to the nostril, which is equal to the internarial space. Interorbital space narrow, about equal to upper eyelid. Tympanum very distinct, % or 1/3 the diameter of the eye. Tongue oval, distinctly notched, free behind. Vomerine teeth in two short, robust, transverse groups between the choanae. Hand less than 1/2 webbed. A narrow fringe of web on the inner side of the first toe; web inserted just below the disk on the outer toes but reduced to a fringe one phalanx below the disk on the outer side of second and third and on both sides of fourth. A large narrow callosity at the base of the first finger, an elongate inner metatarsal tubercle; minute tubercles on palm and sole, subarticular tubercles moderate. Skin of dorsal aspect punctuated by glandules, sometimes produced into minute lappets of skin, scattered on the dorsal surface, especially marked at the edges of the forearm, tarsus and foot, elbow and heel, sides of the body, supratympanic and perianal regions. Skin of chest, belly, and midventral aspect of thigh minutely but compactly granular. A supratympanic fold. A small patagium, or humerothoracic fold. A very marked thoracic fold. Secondary sex characters: Male with an enormous, pendulous, subgular vocal sac (in specimen No. 5189, Bokermann Coll., reaching below the shoulder) ; upper part black or sooty. An elongate callosity almost involving the 1st finger. Allotype.- MNRJ 3509 from Rio Vermelho, Oct. 1958. Size 49 mm snout-vent. Build extremely robust; abdomen, dilated by egg masses, 24 mm wide, 9 mm wider than the head. Tongue very large, grooved longitudinally, distinctly notched. Groups of vomerine teeth very robust. Callosity on first finger smaller than in male. Gula marbled in gray. Some spots below the free dark rim of the transparent section of lower eyelid. Supratympanic ridge very marked. Outer metatarsal tubercle minute but present, round. Some of these characters may be a function of the large size. Female WCAB 510 from São Bento do Sul, smaller, 46 mm snout-vent. Light gray; gula the same as in allotype. Color and pattern Unfortunately not seen alive but reddish vestiges on concealed dorsal surface of thigh. Permanently visible dorsal surface of the very well-preserved syntypes and most paratypes in two tones of dark, rather purplish or brownish gray, sometimes plain gray. Pattern composed of dark, very irregular, insular, angular, spots within a lighter mantle. It might be interpreted vice versa were it not for the slightly spotted smallest syntype and some plain gray paratypes. Pattern disruptive and coincident, i.e., continuous over the permanently visible dorsal surface of head, trunk, and limbs, to the outer digits; spots nearest to the dorsolateral area deflected onto the sides of the trunk, where the color becomes olivaceous gray, with lighter areas between the dark spots, sometimes containing a dark streak. Light areas on the sides of the head; one minute, vertical area at the hind edge of the eye is diagnostic; a horizontal one, very variable in size, beneath the orbit, sometimes continuing towards the shoulder under the tympanum. On the limbs, dark and light spots disposed alternately in rounded blotches or crossbars, which meet the spots on the body, especially the anterior prolongations of the dark concealed posterior upper part of the thigh. Edges of mouth and outline of the frog in repose lighter, on account of the light lappets or glandules. Ventral aspect immaculate save the perfectly visible edges of the dorsal and lateral pattern; a discrete mosaic of scattered dark points around the light granulations of the chest and the anterior part of the abdomen. Throat black or very dark, including the upper part of the large, pendulous median, vocal sac. In females gula marbled in light and dark gray. A dark rim to the free edge of the transparent part of eyelid. Tadpole morphology Tadpoles were obtained from a pond along the road from Campo Alegre to São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil (49°22'43"S; 26°15'01"W). Specimens were deposited in the herpetological collection of the Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ZUFRJ 5591, three specimens; ZUFRJ 6886, eight specimens; ZUFRJ 6887, 18 specimens; and ZUFRJ 6888, four specimens). The first sample (ZUFRJ 5591) was obtained in March 1993, and the others were obtained in February 1996; all specimens were collected by the authors and Sergio P. C. Silva, Ana Maria P. T. C. Silva, and Richard Schasse. Four specimens that were reared through metamorphosis in the laboratory to confirm the identification (included in ZUFRJ 6887). The description is based on a series of 10 tadpoles in stages 3.5-36 (Gosner, 1960). Tadpole at Stage 36 (ZUFRJ 6886): total length 40.8 (31.3-40.8; 36.3 ± 2.4); body length 14.3 (11.3-14.3; 12.5 ± 0.8); body width 8.1 (6.9-8.1; 7.5 ± 0.3); body height 11.3 (8.7-11.3; 9.6 ± 0.9); eye diameter 2.0 (1.8-2.0; 1.9 ± 0.1); distance from snout to spiracle 9.9 (8.1-9.9; 8.9 ± 0.5); distance from nare to eye 3.0 (2.8-3.3; 3.1 ± 0.2); distance between nares 3.9 (3.4-3.9; 3.6 ± 0.1); tail height 14.4 (11.6-16.4; 13.1 ± 1.5); height of dorsal fin at the highest point of tail 5.4 (4.1-5.6; 5.0 ± 0.6); height of ventral fin at the highest point of tail 5.6 (3.7-6.4; 5.1 ± 0.8); distance from the highest point of tail to the body 6.2 (4.0-7.8; 6.0 ± 1.1); flagellum length 8.3 (4.1-8.3; 6.5 ± 1.1). Body ovoid in dorsal view, slightly flattened laterally, triangular in lateral view, maximum height in posterior quarter, body length 35% (32-37%) of total length; body width 60% (54-65%) of body length; snout broadly rounded in dorsal view; nares circular, directed anteriorly, much closer to tip of snout than to eyes; eyes lateral, large, eye diameter 14% (13-16%) of body length; spiracle sinistral on lower third of flank, at about 69% (69-74%) of length of body, only slightly projected. Height of tail at highest point 3.1 mm (2.1 mm-5.4 mm) higher than body; height of tail musculature 24% (20-27%) of tail height at its highest point; fins extend onto body; tail tip xrphicercal, flagellum representing 31% (21-33%) of tail length. Vent tube dextral, very short, attached to the ventral fin. Oral disc terminal, directed anteriorly, maximum width 34% (29-34%) of body width; upper labium hare, thick, and partially covering the upper jaw sheath; lower labium as thick as upper one, with a single, medial short row of blunt marginal papillae; a group of two or three small blunt marginal papillae on the upper lateral portion of the oral disc; jaw sheaths robust and finely serrate, upper sheath widely arched, lower sheath slightly U-shaped; one short, continuous row of lower labial teeth, LTRF = 0/1; no keratinized knob in prenareal area. Metamorphosed frogs with snout-vent lengths of 16.0, 16.5, and 17.4 mm. Color in formalin for specimens preserved at night phase (dark) uniform brown on dorsum, two blackish crescent areas close to pares. Almost all lower twothirds of flanks cream-white; anterior third of tail musculature dirty cream, remainder dark brown; fins brown with some scattered darker brown round marks and a darker brown marginal stripe, flagellum unpigmented. Belly whitish with some brown pigment on posterior third. Specimens preserved during the day are grayish instead of brown and show faded pattern on tail fins. Color of living specimens: dorsum of body and tail, and upper third of flanks golden light brown. Lower two-thirds of flanks and belly silvery white. Upper half of iris golden, lower half silvery white, the two areas separated by a red stripe. Tail fins light brown with a black marginal stripe, scattered round black marks, and a red cast on posterior two-thirds; flagellum unpigmented

EUROPA

LC. Least Concern.

Dendropsophus nahdereri is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, and aquaculture ponds.