Hylodes nasus (Lichtenstein 1823)

Out/abril

Diagnosis No glandular dorsolateral line; skin more or less roughened by warts. Warts confined mostly to sides of body and legs; hand and foot shorter.

Occurs in the states of Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, Brazil.

carboidratos

Rizomas

Adult morphology Vomerine teeth in two small, heavy, narrowly separated, nearly straight patches between and slightly behind the posterior borders of the choanae; tongue slightly more than half as wide as mouth-opening, oval, not indented on its free posterior border; snout rounded when viewed from above, slanting backwards towards the lip border in profile, the upper jaw consequently extending far beyond the lower; nostrils lateral, scarcely projecting, their distance from end of snout about three-fourths that of eye to snout, separated from each other by an interval almost twice as great as their distance from eye. Canthus rostralis sharply defined, the loreal region vertical and appearing slightly concave because of the flaring out of the upper lip below it in a distinct curving arch, leaving an arc-shaped channel along the lower loreal region. Eye very large and prominent, its diameter equal to its distance from end of snout; interorbital diameter equal to width of the broad upper eyelid, about two-thirds that of distance between nostrils. Tympanum large and very distinct, about two-thirds the diameter of the eye, separated from eye by an extremely narrow interval scarcely equal to one-fifth its own diameter. Fingers free, their tips dilated into disks twice the width of terminal phalanx, with a pair of distinct pads separated by a median longitudinal furrow on top of each disk, even the first; fourth finger considerably longer than second, which reaches only to base of penultimate phalanx of third; first and second fingers nearly equal, or first slightly shorter than second; no pronounced pollex, but a wide, low palmar tubercle and one on outer side of first finger; toes with slight traces of a web between all except the outer two; disks of toes like those of fingers and similar in size; fifth toe shorter than third, which extends midway on antepenultimate phalanx of fourth; a small but sharp oval inner metatarsal tubercle and a smaller round outer one; subarticular tubercles of fingers and toes small, single, inconspicuous; a very distinct dermal fold along inside of tarsus but no fringes on fingers and toes (in this specimen) when leg is straightened, a heavy skinfold appears at heel and knee. Body stoutly built, in postaxillary region a little wider than head; when hind leg is adpressed, heel reaches to nostril; when limbs are laid along the sides, knee and elbow considerably overlap; when hind legs are bent at right angles to body, heels overlap. Skin of upper parts minutely glandular, with small flat tubercles appearing above the ear and on the dorsolateral regions, and becoming more prominent before the groin and tending somewhat to a definite lateral line arrangement; posterior thighs and postanal region covered with small granules; ventral surfaces smooth; a narrow, low glandular line encircling upper tympanic border and ending behind it on the shoulder. (The male has a pair of small external vocal sacs below the outer corner of the lower lip; otherwise the sexes look alike.) Color in alcohol: Ground color above dark olive, lightening to drab on the limbs; a broken seal-brown crossband between the eyes, with a light spot in front of and behind it on either eyelid; an irregular dark brown spot on top of the snout; back with very indistinct dark suffusions and a few small light spots; the enlarged tubercles on the side in front of the groin white (yellowish in life) ; upper part of femur, tibia, and outer tarsus with wide symmetrical sepia crossbars; posterior femur with very fine gray vermiculations on a drab ground; a dark diagonal bar on the front of the forearm; upper arm with indistinct crossbars and fine reticulations; ventral surfaces pale drab gray with slight suffusions of darker reticulations all over, especially on lower thighs. Variations In other adult individuals the canthus rostralis is sharp, while the nostril is often a little nearer to the tip of the snout, about two-thirds the distance from the eye, instead of midway. In the majority of cases this fringe is represented by only a dermal ridge, although it is distinctly developed in some examples. The belly and throat of most of the specimens are heavily reticulated, the dark pigment seeming to concentrate in a dark irregular patch on the center of the throat. In the specimens in which the reticulation of the under surfaces is absent, a dark longitudinal spot still persists on the throat. The scattered white warts on the sides are present in all the specimens, but in only a little more than half is there a slight indication of their being arranged in a lateral line in front of the groin. The back is usually free from warts, and the skin is fairly smooth, although thick and glandular. Larval morphology Body elliptical in lateral, dorsal and ventral views, with a slight constriction close to the spiracle; greatest body height somewhat anterior to the level of the spiracle; snout rounded in lateral and dorsal views; body with a slight ventral depression anterior to the region of the coiled intestines; eyes dorsolateral; nostrils rounded, directed anterolaterally; spiracle single, sinistral, inner wall free from body, located at the middle third of body, with opening directed upward and backward; anal tube median, with opening dextral; caudal musculature robust, tapering off to pointed tip; dorsal fin originating at the beginning of the caudal musculature; caudal tip broad and pointed; ventral fin slightly arched; oral disc ventral, labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1); marginal papillae present on most of oral disc, except for a broad part on upper labium; papillae biserial to multiserial in the upper and lower labium; both jaw sheaths serrated, broad and long; upper and lower jaw sheaths V-shaped. Coloration in life: dorsum brown extending onto the lateral surface of body, somewhat below the median line of body; spiracle transparent; ventral surface transparent,with a goldenmedian stripe; tail musculature light brown, with dark brown spots anteriorly; fins transparent with brown punctuations; in dorsal view, tail with golden stripes along the musculature, interrupted or not by transverse dark brown stripes. Coloration in preservative: the brown color is maintained, becoming less bright.

ÁFRICA, AMÉRICA DO SUL, AMÉRICA DO NORTE

LC. Least Concern.

Hylodes nasus is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.