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Conservation Status

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Unknown (Cane and Tepedino 2001).
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Cyclicity

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Flight period of queens ranges early February to late October; workers: early April to early September; males: early May to early September (Thorp et al, 1983).
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Distribution

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Western Nearctic region (Williams 1996).
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General Description

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"Bombus melanopygus belongs to the diverse subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre which is characterized by a malar space of medium length but longer than its apical width and antennal flagellum 2.5 to 3x the length of the scape. The penis valves of the males are usually hook shaped (Thorp et al., 1983). Bombus melanopygus has a large body densely covered in long, fine pile (Franklin 1912). Abdominal segment 1 is yellow, segments 2 and 3 are red or orange, and the remaining segments (4-6) are black. The anterior scutum and the vertex of head and face are covered in a mixture of black and yellow pile and appear clouded (Thorp et al. 1983; Curry 1984). Males tend to have less black pile on the face and the third antennal segment is shorter than the fifth but longer than the fourth (Franklin 1912). Body size and wingspan varies between castes: queens are 15 to 18 mm with wingspans of 29 to 36 mm, workers range between 11 to 15 mm with wingspans of 25 to 29 mm, and males are 9 to 13 mm with wingspans of 21 to 26 mm. Wings are darkly stained brown (Franklin 1912). The penis valve is rounded at the apex with a sharp angle at middle of apical curvature. The gonostylus is short and sternite 8 is uniformly thick (Thorp et al. 1983)."
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Habitat

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Underground nests in Cordilleran forest and Boreal-Cordilleran transition zones and common on alsike clover Trifolium hybridum L. (Hobbs 1967). There are some reports of surface nesting (Thorp et al. 1983).
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Life Cycle

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Bombus melanopygus has an annual colony cycle. Queens emerge in early February from shallow hibernacula dug into the soil to forage and find suitable nest sites, often in abandoned mouse nests. Pollen is collected and manipulated by the founding queen into a ball. Eggs are laid in vertical rows on the top of the ball and covered over with pollen and wax. A nectar pot previously constructed allows the queen to feed while incubating the brood clump at 30-32° C. Larvae hatch after 4-5 days and begin to feed on the pollen mass. The queen continues foraging and regurgitates nectar to the larvae through openings on the top of the brood cells. After 4 molts, larvae spin loose silk cocoons and pupate. The queen now lays a second and third batch of eggs on top of the pupal cocoons using the pollen and wax from the first batch. Female workers emerge 4-5 weeks after the first eggs are laid and take over foraging and nest construction activities. The queen now exclusively constructs egg cells and lays eggs. As the colony expands upwards and outwards and workers increase in number, fertilized eggs become young queens and males emerge from unfertilized eggs. Caste differences are physiological and large numbers of workers are able to provide the food necessary to rear queens. Males are often produced before the new queens and will leave the colony almost immediately after emergence. Young queens may perform both nest and foraging duties prior to mating. Both sexes mate multiple times. Males will mount the queens in the air and continue coitus for several minutes on a nearby surface until kicked off by the female. Once mated, queens prepare for hibernation by eating and increasing vital fat body reserves. The colony declines in late October; workers, males, and the original queen die. The newly mated queens overwinter in small cells in the soil in preparation for spring. (Adapted from Alford 1975 and Thorp et al., 1983).
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Trophic Strategy

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Polylectic, adults consume nectar and pollen from a variety of 61 plant families, primarily Salicaceae, Violaceae, Compositae, and Leguminosae in California (Thorp et al., 1983).
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Bombus melanopygus

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Bombus melanopygus, the black-tailed bumble bee,[2] black tail bumble bee[1] or orange-rumped bumblebee,[3] is a species of bumblebee native to western North America.

This bee is widely distributed across western North America, from the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains, and from Alaska to Baja California.[4][5]

There are two forms of the black-tailed bumblebee:[4]

  • Red form (“red butts,” Bombus melanopygus melanopygus) found primarily in higher latitudes of Oregon and points north, and in the Mountain West
  • Dark color form (Bombus melanopygus edwardsii) is most common in California and southern Oregon

(The second and third abdominal segments are red in northern populations and black in southern; individuals with black segments were previously known as Bombus edwardsii, a separate species. Genetic analyses support the conclusion that the two forms are the same species, with B. edwardsii as a synonym.[6])

This bumblebee can utilize a number of habitat types, including agricultural and urban areas. It is "one of the few bumblebees still found regularly in San Francisco".[7] It feeds on many types of plants, including manzanitas, Ceanothus, goldenbushes, wild buckwheats, lupines, penstemons, rhododendrons, willows, sages, and clovers. It nests underground or aboveground in structures.[1]

This species is a host to the zombie fly (Apocephalus borealis).[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c Hatfield, R., et al. 2014. Bombus melanopygus. Archived 2018-08-02 at the Wayback Machine The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 04 March 2016.
  2. ^ Bombus melanopygus. Archived 2014-08-13 at the Wayback Machine Natural History of Orange County, California. School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine.
  3. ^ Bumblebees: photo gallery. Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine E-Fauna BC. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Accessed 4 March 2016.
  4. ^ a b Koch, Jonathan; Strange, James; Williams, Paul (2012). Bumblebees of the Western United States (PDF). U.S. Forest Service, Pollinator Partnership, Agricultural Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-05. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  5. ^ "Black-tailed Bumble Bee (Bombus melanopygus)". iNaturalist. Archived from the original on 2022-06-19. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  6. ^ Owen, R. E., Whidden, T. L., & Plowright, R. C. (2010). Genetic and morphometric evidence for the conspecific status of the bumble bees, Bombus melanopygus and Bombus edwardsii. Journal of Insect Science, 10(1), 109.
  7. ^ NatureServe. 2015. Bombus melanopygus. Archived 2018-01-01 at the Wayback Machine NatureServe Explorer 7.1 Accessed 4 March 2016.
  8. ^ Apocephalus borealis. Archived 2019-12-18 at the Wayback Machine Featured Creatures. University of Florida IFAS. Publication Number EENY-605. October 2014.

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Bombus melanopygus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Bombus melanopygus, the black-tailed bumble bee, black tail bumble bee or orange-rumped bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to western North America.

This bee is widely distributed across western North America, from the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains, and from Alaska to Baja California.

There are two forms of the black-tailed bumblebee:

Red form (“red butts,” Bombus melanopygus melanopygus) found primarily in higher latitudes of Oregon and points north, and in the Mountain West Dark color form (Bombus melanopygus edwardsii) is most common in California and southern Oregon

(The second and third abdominal segments are red in northern populations and black in southern; individuals with black segments were previously known as Bombus edwardsii, a separate species. Genetic analyses support the conclusion that the two forms are the same species, with B. edwardsii as a synonym.)

This bumblebee can utilize a number of habitat types, including agricultural and urban areas. It is "one of the few bumblebees still found regularly in San Francisco". It feeds on many types of plants, including manzanitas, Ceanothus, goldenbushes, wild buckwheats, lupines, penstemons, rhododendrons, willows, sages, and clovers. It nests underground or aboveground in structures.

This species is a host to the zombie fly (Apocephalus borealis).

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Bombus melanopygus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Insecten

Bombus melanopygus is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie bijen en hommels (Apidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1848 door Nylander.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
16-12-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Bombus melanopygus ( Swedish )

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Bombus melanopygus (saknar svenskt namn) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea) och släktet humlor (Bombus) som lever i USA och Kanada.

Utseende

Huvudet och främre delen av mellankroppen har en blandning av gula och svarta hår. Vissa honor (de med svarta segment på bakkroppen, se nedan) kan dock vara rent gula på huvudet. På mellankroppen övergår färgen till rent gult i mitten baktill, hos honorna möjligen med en bakåtriktad kil av mörkare hår. Mittpå mellankroppen, mellan vingfästena, finns ett band av svarta hår; det kan dock vara blandfärgat hos hanarna. Mellankroppens sidor är mycket variabla, i olika blandningar av gult, svart eller blandfärgat. Det första bakkroppssegmentet är gult, följt av två antingen svarta eller orangefärgade segment. Hanarna har dock alltid orangefärgade segment. Hos honor med orange segment är de två följande segmenten svarta i mitten men blandfärgade på sidorna; det fjärde segmentet kan ha en gul bakkant, och arbetare kan ha rent gula sidor.[2]

Hos honor med svarta segment är de två segmenten efter dessa rent gula. Resterande bakkroppssegment hos dessa honor är svarta, dock ibland med gula sidor.[2]

Efter de orangefärgade segmenten kan hanarna antingen ha två gula segment (ibland svarta i mitten) földa av svarta; det främsta svarta segmentet kan dock ha en inblandning av gula hår. De gula segmenten kan även helt saknas (det vill säga hela bakre delen av bakkroppen efter de oragefärgade segmenten är svart).[2]

Vingarna är mörka men genomskinliga. Längden ligger mellan 15 och 18 mm för drottningarna med en vingbredd på 29 till 36 mm, 9 till 13 mm för hanarna, vingbredd 21 till 26 mm, och 11 till 15 mm för arbetarna, vingbredd 25 till 29 mm.[3]

Ekologi

Drottningarna visar sig mellan februari till slutet av oktober, arbetarna från början av april till början av september och hanarna från tidigt i maj till början av september. Humlan besöker blommor från ett stort antal familjer, främst videväxter, violväxter, korgblommiga växter (som korsörter[2]) och ärtväxter (som lupiner och klöversläktet[2]).[3] Den flyger även till mjölkesläktet, penstemoner och hallonsläktet[2]. Boet kan förläggas både underjordiskt, vanligen i ett övergivet musbo[3], eller ovan jord.[4]

Utbredning

Humlan återfinns i södra British Columbia i Kanada och Washington, Oregon, Idaho och norra Kalifornien i USA.[5] Formen med mörkfärgade honor förekommer främst i Kalifornien och södra Oregon, den med orangefärgade framför allt i norra och östra delarna av utbredningsområdet.[2]

Externa länkar

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] Pyrobombus (på engelska). Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/bombus/pr.html#melanopygus. Läst 15 januari 2015.
  2. ^ [a b c d e f g] Jonathan Koch, James Strange och Paul Williams (2010). ”Bumble Bees of the Western United States” (på engelska) (7,56 MB). USDA Forest Service & Pollinator Partnership. sid. 62–65. http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/Western_BB_guide.pdf. Läst 22 februari 2015.
  3. ^ [a b c] ”Entomology Collection - Bombus melanopygus” (på engelska). University of Alberta. http://www.entomology.ualberta.ca/searching_species_details.php?s=6275. Läst 30 januari 2010.
  4. ^ Robbin W. Thorp, Donald S. Horning, Jr. och Lorry L. Dunning (februari 1983) (på engelska) (PDF (6,94 MB)). Bumble Bees and Cuckoo Bumble Bees of California. sid. s. 40-41. ISBN 0-520-09645-2. http://essig.berkeley.edu/documents/cis/cis23.pdf. Läst 16 april 2010
  5. ^ Matthew P. Kweskin (31 mars 1997). ”The Bumblebees of Evergreen: Bombus melanopygus. The Evergreen State College. http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/ants/TESCBiota/kingdom/animalia/phylum/arthropoda/class/insecta/order/hymenoptera/family/apidae/bombus/Bombus/melanopygus/mel.htm. Läst 8 mars 2015.
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Bombus melanopygus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Bombus melanopygus (saknar svenskt namn) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea) och släktet humlor (Bombus) som lever i USA och Kanada.

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Bombus melanopygus ( Vietnamese )

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Bombus melanopygus là một loài Hymenoptera trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Nylander mô tả khoa học năm 1848.[2]

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết phân họ Ong mật này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


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Bombus melanopygus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Bombus melanopygus là một loài Hymenoptera trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Nylander mô tả khoa học năm 1848.

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