Arumleaf Arrowhead

Sagittaria cuneata is extremely variable. On emersed plants, the leaf petioles are often bent toward the ground. Submersed plants often grow from a basal rosette with a long flexuous petiole and a floating sagittate leave. Plants in deep rivers often develop broad, straplike phyllodia.

Herbs, perennial, to 110 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. Leaves emersed, floating, and submersed; submersed phyllodial, flattened, to 45 cm; floating with petiole triangular, to 100 cm, blade cordate or sagittate, rarely linear or ovate, 7.5--9 ´ 3.5--4 cm; emersed with petiole recurved, 3.5--51 cm, blade linear to sagittate, 2.5--17 ´ 1.5--11 cm, basal lobes when present shorter than remainder of blade. Inflorescences racemes, rarely panicles, of 2--10 whorls, emersed, 14--21 ´ 2--10 cm, peduncle triangular, 10--50 cm; bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, lance-attenuate or acute, mostly (4--)7--40 mm, membranous, not papillose; fruiting pedicels ascending, cylindric, 0.5--2 cm. Flowers to 25 mm diam.; sepals recurved, not enclosing flower or fruiting head; filaments not dilated, equal to or longer than anthers, glabrous; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. Fruiting heads 0.8--1.5 cm diam.; achenes obovoid, abaxially keeled, 1.8--2.6 ´ 1.3--2.5 mm, beaked; face not tuberculate, wings 0--1, ± entire, glands 0--1; beak apical, erect, 0.1--0.4 mm. 2n = 22.

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo.

Flowering late spring--summer (Jun--Sep).

Calcareous and muddy shores and shallow waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, pastures, and ditches, occasional in tidal waters, or in deep flowing water with slow current; 100--2500m.

Sagittaria arifolia Nuttall ex J. G. Smith

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, Bull. Torrey Club 20 : 283. 1893
1 Sagittaria sagittifolia minor Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 395. 1814. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 : 32. 1894. Sagittaria artfolia stricta J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 : 34. 1894. Sagittaria paniculata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1 : 40. 1905. Sagittaria arifolia monomorpha Lunell, Bull. Leeds Herb. I 1 : [2]. 1907. Sagittaria arifolia dimorpha Lunell, Bull. l,eeds Herb. I 1 : [3]. 1907. Sagittaria arifolia poly morp ha Lunell, Bull. Leeds Herb. I 1 : [3]. 1907. Sagittaria arifolia cuneata Lunell, Bull. Leeds Herb. I 1 : [3]. 1907.
Plants emersed and commonly 2-4 dm. tall, or submerged and varying in length with depth of the water, sometimes over 1 m. long ; leaf -blades hastate to sagittate, 6-18 cm. long, the terminal lobe ovate to lanceolate, or rarely nearly linear, mostly acute or slightly acuminate, the basal lobes much narrower than the terminal one and longer than it or shorter, acute or acuminate, except sometimes in the case of imperfectly developed blades ; phyllodia, when present, either relatively short and linear-lanceolate, or elongate and linear-attenuate ; scapes as long as the leaves or commonly shorter, simple or branched ; whorls of the inflorescence few or numerous ; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, or rarely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; pedicels straight, ascending, mostly 10-25 mm. long, or sometimes very short, those of the staminate flowers usually about twice as long as those of the pistillate flowers; sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, becoming 6-8 mm. long; corolla 2-2.5 cm. broad; filaments not dilated, glabrous; anthers oblong, as long as the filaments or longer; fruit-heads 1-1.5 cm. in diameter ; achenes obovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, with callous-thickened wings, the beak minute, erect over the ventral wing.
Type locality: East Battle Lake, Otter Tail County, Minnesota.
Distribution : Nova Scotia and Maine to Quebec, British Columbia, Connecticut, Kansas, New Mexico, and California.

Sagittaria hebetiloba A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26 : 6, 1899
Plants partially emersed, 2-5 dm. tall ; leaf -blades ovate or ovate-hastate, 8-14 cm. long, the terminal lobe broadly ovate, the basal lobes ovate, much shorter and smaller than the terminal one, obtuse or rounded ; scapes erect, simple or sparingly branched ; whorls of the inflorescence rather few; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, acuminate; pedicels 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the pistillate and staminate about equal in length ; sepals oval or ovate, becoming 7-8 mm. long ; corolla about 2 cm. wide; filaments not dilated, glabrous; anthers about as long as the filaments ; fruit-heads 10-15 mm. in diameter ; achenes obovate, about 2 mm. long, winged all around, the beak minute, erect or nearly so over the ventral wing.
Type locality: Platte Canon, Laramie County, Wyoming. Distribution : Known only from the type locality.

Sagittaria cuneata is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name arumleaf arrowhead or duck potato. Like some other Sagittaria species, it may be called wapato. It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada (every province and territory except Nunavut) as well as the western and northeastern United States (New England, Great Lakes, Great Plains, Rocky Mountain, Great Basin and Pacific Coast states; including Alaska but not Hawaii).

Sagittaria cuneata is an aquatic plant, growing in slow-moving and stagnant water bodies such as ponds and small streams. It is quite variable in appearance, and submerged parts of the plant look different from those growing above the surface or on land. In general it is a perennial herb growing from a white or blue-tinged tuber. The leaves are variable in shape, many of them sagittate (arrow-shaped) with two smaller, pointed lobes opposite the tip. The leaf blades are borne on very long petioles. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and female flowers. The inflorescence which rises above the surface of the water is a raceme made up of several whorls of flowers, the lowest node bearing female flowers and upper nodes bearing male flowers. The flower is up to 2.5 centimeters wide with white petals. The male flowers have rings of yellow stamens at the centers. Each female flower has a spherical cluster of pistils which develops into a group of tiny fruits.