Agave shawii és una espècie de planta suculenta de l'antiga família de les Agavàcies, ara subfamília Agavoideae.
És una agave petita amb les fulles verdes, ovades de 20 a 50 cm longitud i de 8 a 20 cm d'ample, i amb els marges dentats, amb un patró variable. Les inflorescències formen una panícula de 2 a 4 m d'alçada amb unes 8-14 umbel·les laterals que sostenen grans bràctees de color porpra. Cada umbel·la consisteix en una massa de flors de color groc o vermell.
La subespècie goldmaniana és generalment més gran, amb fulles lanceolades de 40-70 cm i 18-25 umbel·les en una tija de 3-5 metres d'alçada, predominant al desert del centre de la península a la Baixa Califòrnia.
Tot i que és ocasionalment cultivada, aquesta agave es veu perjudicada per les gelades, començant els danys als -5 °C i essent extensius fins als -8 °C.
Es troba únicament al llarg de la costa del Pacífic a Baixa Califòrnia, estenent-se al nord als chaparrals costers del sud humit de Califòrnia.
Agave shawii va ser descrita per George Engelmann i publicada a Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 3: 314–316. 1875.[1][2]
Agave shawii és una espècie de planta suculenta de l'antiga família de les Agavàcies, ara subfamília Agavoideae.
Agave shawii ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave).
Agave shawii wächst einzeln, bildet einen kurzen bis langen Stamm bis 2 m Höhe oder formt große, kompakte Gruppen. Die an der Basis verdickten, eiförmigen bis linealischen, fleischigen, spitz zulaufenden, fein angerauten, grünen bis bläulichen, gebogenen Blätter sind 20 bis 50 cm lang und 8 bis 20 cm breit. Die Blattränder sind variabel gebogen und gezahnt. Der kräftige, braune bis graue Enddorn wird 2 bis 4 cm lang.
Der rispige, gerade bis etwas gebogene Blütenstand wird 3 bis 5 m hoch. Die gelben bis rötlichen, breit trichterigen Blüten erscheinen in der oberen Hälfte des Blütenstandes an variablen Verzweigungen und sind 65 bis 100 mm lang.
Die eiförmigen bis länglichen, dunkelbraunen, dreikammerigen Kapselfrüchte sind 5,5 bis 6,5 cm lang und bis 2,5 cm breit. Die schwarzen, halbmond- bis keilförmigen Samen sind bis 7 mm lang.
Die Blütezeit reicht von Dezember bis Mai.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt für beide Unterarten 2n = 60.[1]
Agave shawii ist in Mexiko in Baja California, nahe der Küste sowie in den USA in Kalifornien in Sagebrush-Formationen verbreitet. Sie ist vergesellschaftet mit zahlreichen Sukkulenten- und Kakteen-Arten.
Die Erstbeschreibung durch George Engelmann wurde 1875 veröffentlicht.[2] Einige der zahlreichen Synonyme von Agave shawii Engelm. sind Agave orcuttiana Trel. (1912) und Agave pachyacanthaTrel. (1912).
Es werden folgende Unterarten unterschieden:[3]
Agave shawii ist ein Vertreter der Gruppe Umbelliflorae. Aufgrund der einzigartigen Umweltbedingungen der Pazifikregion sind die Formen unterschiedlich in Größe, Blattstruktur und Blütezeit. Die in trockeneren Gebieten im Süden von Baja California vorkommende Subspezies goldmaniana hat längere, hellgrüne Blätter und der Blütenstand ist zur Spitze hin mehr pyramidenförmig. Sie ist nahe verwandt mit Agave sebastiana.
Agave shawii ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave).
Agave shawii is a species of monocarpic succulent plant in the genus Agave, commonly known as Shaw's agave.[4][5] It is a rosette-forming plant characterized by glossy, green leaves with toothed margins. After several years of slow growth, the plant puts all of its resources to produce a towering stalk of flowers, and then dies. The death of the flowering rosette is compensated by the growth of numerous clonal pups. This species is segregated into two subspecies, one native to the coast of southwestern California[6] and northwestern Baja California, known commonly as the coast agave, and another native to the Baja California Desert, known as the Goldman agave.[7]
For centuries, this species proved to be an invaluable source of accessible and abundant food for the indigenous peoples in the region, like the Kumeyaay, Tiipai and Paipai. After the European colonization of the Americas, the Spanish missionaries discouraged use of the agave, and moved the native peoples inland.[8] Further development of the agave's habitat by American settlers contributed to the dwindling population of the species. Only two small populations are left within the political boundaries of the United States,[2] one with only a single individual. In Mexico, it is still abundant but threatened by coastal development. Subspecies shawii is designated as an endangered species by the California Native Plant Society and the IUCN.[9][10] The plant is named for Henry Shaw, the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden.[11]
Agave shawii is a very slow-growing, small-to-medium-sized agave.
The foliage is arranged in a rosette that measures 8 centimetres (3.1 in) to 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide. There may be numerous rosettes on top of erect to decumbent trunks that emerge from the rootstock. The foliage is glossy, colored light to dark green, and positioned in an ascending fashion. The leaves are shaped narrow to ovate, measuring 20–50 cm (7.9–19.7 in) long by 8–20 cm (3.1–7.9 in) wide, with the abaxial (lower surface) surface convex. Leaves feel thick, fleshy, and rigid, and their margins are armed with colorful and well-defined spines. The spine at the tip of the leaf measures 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in).[12][13]
The panicle-like inflorescence grows 2–4 m (6.6–13.1 ft) tall. The bracts (leaves on the inflorescence) are persistent, shaped lanceolate to triangular, and are 10–25 cm (3.9–9.8 in) large. Subtended by the bracts are 8–14 lateral umbels (branches), which are 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long. Each umbel consists of a mass of yellowish or reddish flowers, with 35–75 flowers per cluster. After flowering, it produces fruits 5.5–7 cm (2.2–2.8 in) large, containing fertilized (black-colored) and unfertilized (white-colored) seeds.[12][13]
It generally flowers September to May, and as typical for agaves, the rosette dies thereafter. Although capable of reproducing by suckering, populations vary considerably in their behavior, with some consisting entirely of individual rosettes, while others form groups or colonies of clones.
The infraspecific taxa are variously labeled as varieties or subspecies, depending on the source.[6][9][10][13]
Agave sebastiana, a plant native to Cedros Island and the Vizcaino Peninsula, was formerly placed in this species as Agave shawii var. sebastiana.[14]
This species is primarily distributed in, and near-endemic to, the state of Baja California in Mexico. It was formerly widespread along the coast of San Diego County, California, but coastal development has reduced the entire population to just two natural occurrences, of which only one is wholly natural. There is a 25 km (16 mi) north-to-south gap between the southernmost natural plants in San Diego County and the northernmost natural plants in Baja California.[13] The coastal subspecies shawii is the taxon present in San Diego County, and ranges south to El Rosario in Baja California. At El Rosario, it is subsumed by the desert subspecies goldmaniana, which ranges from there to Santa Rosaliíta in southern Baja California.[14]
Subspecies shawii only occurs in a vegetation community known as maritime succulent scrub, which is found along the Pacific Coast of northern Baja California state of Mexico and southwesternmost San Diego County of California. This habitat only extends a few kilometers into the United States, occurring in narrow bands on coastal bluffs with almost constant exposure to coastal winds with high salt content. Maritime succulent scrub is regarded as the most xeric of the coastal sage vegetation types, and is dominated by other succulent plants such as cacti (Bergerocactus, Cylindropuntia, Ferocactus, Mammilaria, Opuntia), cliff spurge (Euphorbia misera) and Crassulacean plants like Dudleya.[15] Subspecies shawii was probably once found north of Torrey Pines, but with the development of all viable habitat, has all but disappeared from the American side of the border.[13]
Subspecies goldmaniana grows in the southern portion of the maritime succulent scrub and in the Central Desert of southern Baja California.[7]
Agave shawii is cultivated as an ornamental plant, by specialty plant nurseries. It is used in cactus and succulent gardens, containers,[16] and for drought tolerant and wildlife gardens.[17]
Plants enjoy a sandy loam soil that has good drainage. It is recommended to plant in a location where the sharp spines will not be a hazard. Virtually disease free except for scale insects.[18] Roots are very rapid responders to rain and dry plants start growing feeder (rain) roots after exposure to the rain. Plants develop best color when exposed to full sun along the coast. Some relief from the hot afternoon sun in the inland valleys with partial shade would provide the best results for growers. Within the United States, it is not recommended to grow this plant in desert locations like Las Vegas, but it will thrive in coastal locations from San Diego to San Francisco.[17]
In a preservation effort, Shaw's agaves were introduced into the Torrey Pines State Reserve and Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego, California and have established themselves.[19] There is also large colony of Shaw's Agave in the San Diego Botanic Garden located in Encinitas, California.[20] The San Elijo Lagoon Nature Center in Encinitas also has Shaw's agaves planted as part of their California native plant xeriscaping.[21]
The coastal agave (Tiipai: me’ellh, ma’alh, ma’alh jas’ilh, Paipai: me’elh jas’ilh ruii kiyak) was widely utilized by indigenous peoples until the European colonization of the Americas forced natives away from the coastal region where Agave shawii occurs. Subsequently, the lack of interaction between native peoples and their agaves led to the decay of knowledge regarding the usage of the local agaves, with the cultivation of agaves in the entire Kumeyaay-Paipai cultural region now only occurring in the village of Santa Catarina.[22]
The Spanish explorers and missionaries from Sebastián Vizcaíno and Junipero Serra's expeditions noticed the usage of the agave for fiber and food. Serra said on his arrival to the coast near El Descanso, "We saw the land was covered with very good mescal but I think the Indians pay little attention to it due to the abundance of fish and other foods."[23] Serra's observations fail to take into account the seasonal changes in the food supply, as the agave was heavily utilized in other months. Juan Crespí stated that the related Agave deserti was "...a delicious, sweet preserve. This is the wretched heathens’ daily bread."[24]
Agaves had high importance for indigenous food networks, but today the laborious effort of preparing the agaves is rarely undertaken. Preparation of the agave for consumption included locating suitable heads, using a digging stick to extract the heads, constructing an earth oven, where the agave head would be cooked for two days before it was ready to eat. Importance of the agave as a food is supported by archaeological records showing high dental attrition in the remains of indigenous peoples, likely due to the frequent consumption of tough plant fibers from the agave.[8]
The fiber of the agave would have been put to a great variety of uses, for making belts, bowstrings, carrying nets, cordage, sandals, and other indispensable items.[25] Vizcaíno noted that the cordage was used by fishermen to create lines of much higher quality than his own. Some Paipai women still produce agave fiber products today, which are sold as handicrafts, but also offer to teach both natives and non-natives throughout the region.[8][22]
A rosette, with the water of the San Diego Bay in the background
A planted colony overlooking the San Diego Bay
A cluster of rosettes
The tip of the inflorescence
.jpg)
Detail of the flowers
A plant with one rosette
A rosette with the inflorescence emerging out of frame
Numerous plants preparing to flower
A plant in flower
The inflorescence
Detail of the flowers
Other flora of the maritime succulent scrub:
Agave shawii is a species of monocarpic succulent plant in the genus Agave, commonly known as Shaw's agave. It is a rosette-forming plant characterized by glossy, green leaves with toothed margins. After several years of slow growth, the plant puts all of its resources to produce a towering stalk of flowers, and then dies. The death of the flowering rosette is compensated by the growth of numerous clonal pups. This species is segregated into two subspecies, one native to the coast of southwestern California and northwestern Baja California, known commonly as the coast agave, and another native to the Baja California Desert, known as the Goldman agave.
For centuries, this species proved to be an invaluable source of accessible and abundant food for the indigenous peoples in the region, like the Kumeyaay, Tiipai and Paipai. After the European colonization of the Americas, the Spanish missionaries discouraged use of the agave, and moved the native peoples inland. Further development of the agave's habitat by American settlers contributed to the dwindling population of the species. Only two small populations are left within the political boundaries of the United States, one with only a single individual. In Mexico, it is still abundant but threatened by coastal development. Subspecies shawii is designated as an endangered species by the California Native Plant Society and the IUCN. The plant is named for Henry Shaw, the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Agave shawii es una especie de planta suculenta perteneciente a la antigua familia Agavaceae ahora subfamilia Agavoideae.
Se encuentra solamente a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico en Baja California, extendiéndose al norte en los chaparrales costeros del sur húmedo de California.
Es un agave pequeño mediano con las hojas verdes, ovadas de 20-50 cm de longitud y 8-20 cm de ancho, y una variedad de márgenes dentados. Las inflorescencias forma una panícula de 2-4 metros de altura cuyas 8-14 umbelas laterales sostiene grandes brácteas de color púrpura. Cada umbela consiste en una masa de flores de color amarillo a rojizo.
La subspecies goldmaniana es generalmente más grande con hojas lanceoladas de (40-70 cm) y 18-25 umbelas en un tallo de 3-5 metros de altura, predomina en el desierto del centro de la península.
Aunque es ocasionalmente cultivado, a este agave le perjudican las heladas con los comienzos de daños que empiezan a los -5 grados C y que son extensivos a los -8 grados.
Agave shawii fue descrito por George Engelmann y publicado en Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 3: 314–316. 1875.[1][2][3]
Agave: nombre genérico que fue dado a conocer científicamente en 1753 por el naturalista sueco Carlos Linneo, quien lo tomó del griego Agavos. En la mitología griega, Ágave era una ménade hija de Cadmo, rey de Tebas que, al frente de una muchedumbre de bacantes, asesinó a su hijo Penteo, sucesor de Cadmo en el trono. La palabra agave alude, pues, a algo admirable o noble.[4]
shawii: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico Henry Shaw.
Datos: Q146168
Multimedia:
Especies: Agave shawii
Agave shawii es una especie de planta suculenta perteneciente a la antigua familia Agavaceae ahora subfamilia Agavoideae.
Kalifornianagaave (Agave shawii) on monivuotinen agaavejen (Agave) sukuun kuuluva kasvi.[1]
Kalifornianagaave on ikivihreä mehikasvi, jonka piikkireunaiset 45 cm pitkät, 20 cm leveät lehdet muodostavat puolipallon muotoisen ruusukkeen. Ruusukkeen korkeus ja leveys on noin metrin verraan, Kasvin vanhentuessa se kasvattaa ruusukkeen alle vartta, joka kiemurtelee pitkin maanpintaa. Uusia ruusukkeit anousee tästä varresta niin että lopulta kalifornianagaavepensaikko voi peittää laajoja alueita. Kasvi voi elää 20-40 vuotta, ennen kuin se kukkii, ja kukkimisen jälkeen kasviyksilö kuolee. Kukkavarsi on 3-4 m korkea pylväs, jonka päähän aukeavat keltaiset kukat houkuttelevat lintuja ja perhosia.[2]
Kalifornianagaave kasvaa Yhdysvaltojen Kalifornian osavaltiossa ja Meksikon Baja Californian osavaltiossa.[2]
Kalifornianagaave (Agave shawii) on monivuotinen agaavejen (Agave) sukuun kuuluva kasvi.
Kalifornianagaave on ikivihreä mehikasvi, jonka piikkireunaiset 45 cm pitkät, 20 cm leveät lehdet muodostavat puolipallon muotoisen ruusukkeen. Ruusukkeen korkeus ja leveys on noin metrin verraan, Kasvin vanhentuessa se kasvattaa ruusukkeen alle vartta, joka kiemurtelee pitkin maanpintaa. Uusia ruusukkeit anousee tästä varresta niin että lopulta kalifornianagaavepensaikko voi peittää laajoja alueita. Kasvi voi elää 20-40 vuotta, ennen kuin se kukkii, ja kukkimisen jälkeen kasviyksilö kuolee. Kukkavarsi on 3-4 m korkea pylväs, jonka päähän aukeavat keltaiset kukat houkuttelevat lintuja ja perhosia.
Kalifornianagaave kasvaa Yhdysvaltojen Kalifornian osavaltiossa ja Meksikon Baja Californian osavaltiossa.
Agave shawii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Măng tây. Loài này được Engelm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1875.[2]
Bài viết liên quan phân họ Thùa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Agave shawii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Măng tây. Loài này được Engelm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1875.
猿田彥龍舌蘭（猿田彥錦，學名:Agave shawii，英文:Shaw's agave[2][3]），英文名稱是由密蘇里植物園創辦人亨利·蕭的蕭（Shaw）命名[4]，是龍舌蘭屬的一個物種。猿田彥龍舌蘭原產於加利福尼亞州西南部和下加利福尼亞州。是一個罕見和嚴重瀕危的植物[5]。
猿田彥龍舌蘭通常做為觀景植物，被培養於仙人掌花園陪襯。
这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
