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Creeping Mannagrass

Glyceria acutiflora Torr.

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Aquatic, growing in or on water, Aquatic, leaves emergent, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrate, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly closed, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets with 8-40 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets linear, appressed on short pedicels, Spikelets all a like and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea longer than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Glyceria acutiflora

provided by wikipedia EN

Glyceria acutiflora, the creeping mannagrass, is a perennial grass found in the north-eastern United States and in north-eastern Asia. Its specific epithet acutiflora means "acute-flowered". It has a diploid number of 40.

Description

Glyceria acutiflora is a coarse grass with flattened, slender culms growing 30–100 cm (12–39 in) high from decumbent bases. Its leaf sheaths overlap each other, with the highest overlapping the base of the panicle. Its ligules are 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long. Its scabrous leaf blades are 6–20 cm (2.4–7.9 in) long and 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) wide. Its simple or subsimple panicle is 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, with appressed or somewhat spreading floral branches. Its subsessile spikelets are 1.5–4 cm (0.59–1.57 in) long with five to thirteen flowers. Its acute glumes are unequal, with lower glumes being 1.3–4.5 mm (0.051–0.177 in) and upper glumes 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) long. Its seven-veined lemmas are 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long, strongly acute, and scabrous; its bicuspidate paleas exceed its lemmas by 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in). The grass flowers from May to July and rarely into August.[2]

The long paleas of G. acutiflora make it one of the most distinctive species of Glyceria in North America.[3] When immature and still growing, the grass resembles Glyceria borealis.[4]

Habitat and distribution

Glyceria acutiflora can be found growing in muddy pools and the margins of ponds from New Hampshire to Michigan and south to Tennessee and Missouri.[2] The grass is a problematic weed in China, germinating over a wide range of temperatures and being resistant to osmotic and salt stress.[5]

References

  1. ^ Umberto Quattrocchi (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press. p. 988. ISBN 9781420003222.
  2. ^ a b Merrit Lyndon Fernald (1970). R. C. Rollins (ed.). Gray's Manual of Botany (Eighth (Centennial) - Illustrated ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 113. ISBN 0-442-22250-5.
  3. ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993). Flora of North America: North of Mexico. Vol. 24. Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780195310719.
  4. ^ Arthur Blewitt (1911). Benjamin Robinson (ed.). "Some Introduced Plants of Connecticut". Rhodora. New England Botanical Club. 13 (145): 92.
  5. ^ Wei, Tang; Yuan, Xie; Lu, Yongliang; Chen, Jie (2019). "Seed germination ecology of creeping mannagrass (Glyceria acutiflora) and response to POST herbicides". Weed Biology and Management. Wiley Online Library. 19 (1): 19–27.
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Glyceria acutiflora: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Glyceria acutiflora, the creeping mannagrass, is a perennial grass found in the north-eastern United States and in north-eastern Asia. Its specific epithet acutiflora means "acute-flowered". It has a diploid number of 40.

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copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
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wikipedia EN