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Brown Birch
Betula pubescens Ehrh.
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Global Biotic Interactions
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
are host of
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella confusella (Wood & Walsingham 1894) Vári 1944
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella continuella (Stainton 1856) Fletcher et al. 1945
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Pezicula
Global Biotic Interactions
Phomopsis
Global Biotic Interactions
Valsa coenobitica
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum lanciforme (Fr.) Voglmayr & Jaklitsch 2015
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman 2006
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. 1849
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Gelatoporia dichroa (Fr.) Ginns 2014
Global Biotic Interactions
Gelatoporia dichroa (Fr.) Ginns 2014
Global Biotic Interactions
Cryptosporella betulae (Tul. & C. Tul.) L. C. Mejía & Castl. 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Uredo betulae
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Plagiostoma campylostyla (Auersw.) M. E. Barr 1978
Global Biotic Interactions
Gelatoporia dichroa (Fr.) Ginns 2014
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia setacea (Pers.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Alternaria atra (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Plagiostoma campylostyla (Auersw.) M. E. Barr 1978
Global Biotic Interactions
Antrodiella semisupina (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Ryvarden 1980
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia setacea (Pers.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Pycnopeziza sympodialis W. L. White & Whetzel ex B. Sutton 1980
Global Biotic Interactions
Plagiostoma campylostyla (Auersw.) M. E. Barr 1978
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Anisogramma virgultorum (Fr.) Theiss. & Syd. 1917
Global Biotic Interactions
Lentinus substrictus (Bolton) Zmitr. & Kovalenko 2016
Global Biotic Interactions
Anisogramma virgultorum (Fr.) Theiss. & Syd. 1917
Global Biotic Interactions
Lentinus brumalis (Pers.) Zmitr. 2010
Global Biotic Interactions
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill 1903 (Mossy maze polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke 1879
Global Biotic Interactions
Anisogramma virgultorum (Fr.) Theiss. & Syd. 1917
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiostoma karelicum Linnak., Z. W. de Beer & M. J. Wingf. 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Macrotyphula juncea (Alb. & Schwein.) Berthier 1974
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Daedaleopsis tricolor (Bull.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fuckel 1870
Global Biotic Interactions
Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman 2006
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill 1903 (Mossy maze polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke 1879
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Xenotypa aterrima (Fr.) Petr. 1955
Global Biotic Interactions
Pristiphora alpestris
Global Biotic Interactions
Pristiphora alpestris
Global Biotic Interactions
Orgyia recens
Global Biotic Interactions
Xylodon radula (Fr.)
Global Biotic Interactions
Pristiphora alpestris
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Xylodon radula (Fr.)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia pseudoischnostyla D. M. Walker 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Inocybe stellatospora (Peck) Massee 1904
Global Biotic Interactions
Trichoderma strictipile Bissett 1992
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum lanciforme (Fr.) Voglmayr & Jaklitsch 2015
Global Biotic Interactions
Neonectria coccinea (Pers.) Rossman & Samuels 1999 (Beech bark disease)
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrypella decorata Nitschke 1867
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrypella decorata Nitschke 1867
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaeropsis betulae Cooke 1885
Global Biotic Interactions
Calospora undulata Sacc. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiostoma denticiliatum Linnak., Z. W. de Beer & M. J. Wingf. 2009
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Priophorus pallipes
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Dineura virididorsata
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella sakhalinella Puplesis 1984
Global Biotic Interactions
Leucoptera malifoliella
Global Biotic Interactions
Dineura virididorsata
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia ischnostyla (Desm.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia ischnostyla (Desm.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Bohemannia auriciliella (Joannis 1909) van Nieukerken 1986
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Priophorus pallipes
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia ischnostyla (Desm.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia ischnostyla (Desm.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Priophorus pallipes
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia ischnostyla (Desm.) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Dineura virididorsata
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Septoria betulicola
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Thyridium betulae Nitschke & Rehm 1889
Global Biotic Interactions
Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Septoria betulae-odoratae
Bubák & Vleugel
Global Biotic Interactions
Gnomonia betulina Vleugel 1917
Global Biotic Interactions
Oxyporus populinus (Schumach.) Donk 1933
Global Biotic Interactions
Drepana falcataria Linnaeus 1758 (Pebble Hook-tip)
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella betulicola (Stainton 1856) Beirne 1945
Global Biotic Interactions
Polyporus guianensis Mont. 1840
Global Biotic Interactions
Epirrita autumnata
Global Biotic Interactions
Phigalia pilosaria Denis & Schiffermüller 1775 (pale brindled beauty)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ectoedemia occultella (Linnaeus 1767) Robinson et al. 1983
Global Biotic Interactions
Eriogaster lanestris Linnaeus 1758
Global Biotic Interactions
Dicallomera fascelina (Linnaeus 1758)
Global Biotic Interactions
Sterrhopterix standfussi
Global Biotic Interactions
Nematinus acuminatus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora betulina
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllosticta betulicola Vasyag. 1967
Global Biotic Interactions
Asteroma leptothyrioides (Kabát & Bubák) B. Sutton 1980
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Jackrogersella multiformis (Fr.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler 2017
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina lapponica Juel 1912
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina alpina
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum notarisianum
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina lapponica Juel 1912
Global Biotic Interactions
Pleomassaria siparia (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina bacteriosperma
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora coenobitica
Sacc.
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia lapponica Vestergr. 1902
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus neolundellii Zmitr., Malysheva, Psurtseva & Spirin
Global Biotic Interactions
Phlebia tremellosa (Schrad.) Nakasone & Burds. 1984
Global Biotic Interactions
Ramularia endophylla Verkley & U. Braun 2004
Global Biotic Interactions
Arthopyrenia lapponina Anzi
Global Biotic Interactions
Paraconiothyrium fuckelii (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Paraconiothyrium fuckelii (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Hysterographium flexuosum
Global Biotic Interactions
Immotthia hypoxylon (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr 1987
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus cinereus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Pyrenopeziza betulina (Alb. & Schwein.) Rauschert 1988
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Botryobasidium pruinatum (Bres.) J. Erikss. 1958
Global Biotic Interactions
Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 1921 (Turkey Tail)
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconium betulinum J. C. Schmidt & Kunze 1828
Global Biotic Interactions
Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. 1888
Global Biotic Interactions
Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not. 1863 (King Alfred's Cakes)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina americana Mix 1947
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconium betulinum J. C. Schmidt & Kunze 1828
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconium betulinum J. C. Schmidt & Kunze 1828
Global Biotic Interactions
Cylindrobasidium laeve (Pers.) Chamuris 1984
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum kunzei Corda 1840
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum disciforme Nees 1816
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe friesii (Lév.) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
Global Biotic Interactions
Marssonina betulae (Lib.) Magnus 1906
Global Biotic Interactions
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. 1881 (lingzhi mushroom)
Global Biotic Interactions
Plicaturopsis crispa (Pers.) D. A. Reid 1964
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát 1942 (Chaga)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ciboria betulae (Woronin) W. L. White 1941
Global Biotic Interactions
Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden 1987
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát 1942 (Chaga)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Acarosporium sympodiale Bubák & Vleugel ex Bubák 1911
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Cytospora populina (Pers.) Rabenh. 1844
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát 1942 (Chaga)
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina nana Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Eutypa hydnoidea (Fr.) Höhn. 1909
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconis stilbostoma (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1863
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai 2016 (birch polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. 1887 (Artist's fungus)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina carnea Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulae (Fuckel) Johanson 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát 1942 (Chaga)
Global Biotic Interactions
Coryneum lanciforme (Fr.) Voglmayr & Jaklitsch 2015
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Botrytis argillacea Cooke 1875
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar 1964
Global Biotic Interactions
Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. 1822 (Black Witches' Butter)
Global Biotic Interactions
Poecilocampa populi Linnaeus 1758 (december moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella lapponica (Wocke 1862) Fletcher et al. 1945
Global Biotic Interactions
Semiothisa ulsterata Pearsall 1913
Global Biotic Interactions
Scolioneura betuleti
Global Biotic Interactions
Profenusa thomsoni
Global Biotic Interactions
Heterarthrus nemoratus
Global Biotic Interactions
Scolioneura betuleti
Global Biotic Interactions
Scolioneura betuleti
Global Biotic Interactions
Agriopis aurantiaria
Global Biotic Interactions
Scolioneura betuleti
Global Biotic Interactions
Scolioneura betuleti
Global Biotic Interactions
Hysterium pulicare Pers. 1794
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia alnicola U. Braun 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar 1959
Global Biotic Interactions
Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar 1959
Global Biotic Interactions
Valdensinia heterodoxa Peyronel 1953
Global Biotic Interactions
Cryptosporella betulae (Tul. & C. Tul.) L. C. Mejía & Castl. 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia alnicola U. Braun 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia alnicola U. Braun 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia alnicola U. Braun 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia alnicola U. Braun 2012
Global Biotic Interactions
Chlorociboria aeruginosa (Oeder) Seaver ex C. S. Ramamurthi, Korf & L. R. Batra 1958
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Phomopsis velata (Sacc.) Traverso 1906
Global Biotic Interactions
Calosphaeria wahlenbergii Nitschke 1867
Global Biotic Interactions
Achlya flavicornis Linnaeus 1758 (Yellow Horned)
Global Biotic Interactions
Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr. 1849
Global Biotic Interactions
Phialophora verrucosa Medlar 1915
Global Biotic Interactions
Discosia artocreas (Tode) Fr. 1849
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmella luteella (Stainton 1857) Beirne 1945
Global Biotic Interactions
Cheirospora botryospora (Mont.) Berk. & Broome 1850
Global Biotic Interactions
Furcula bicuspis Borkhausen 1790
Global Biotic Interactions
Synanthedon scoliaeformis Borkhausen 1789
Global Biotic Interactions
Trimmatostroma betulinum (Corda) S. Hughes 1953
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe penicillata (Wallr.) Link 1824
Global Biotic Interactions
Lyonetia prunifoliella Hübner 1796 (striped bent-wing)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taeniolina scripta (P. Karst.) P. M. Kirk 1981
Global Biotic Interactions
Hemipholiota heteroclita (Fr.) Bon 1986
Global Biotic Interactions
Anisogramma virgultorum (Fr.) Theiss. & Syd. 1917
Global Biotic Interactions
Erysiphe penicillata (Wallr.) Link 1824
Global Biotic Interactions
Stigmina pulvinata (Kunze) M. B. Ellis 1959
Global Biotic Interactions
Semudobia betulae (Winnertz 1853) (Gall midge)
Global Biotic Interactions
Fusicoccum betulae Cooke 1887
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Moma alpium Osbeck 1778 (scarce merveille du jour)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Orgyia antiqua Linnaeus 1758 (Antique Tussock Moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cosmia trapezina Linnaeus 1758 (dun-bar)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Pheosia gnoma Fabricius 1781
Global Biotic Interactions
Phalera bucephala Linnaeus 1758 (Buff-tip)
Global Biotic Interactions
Colocasia coryli Linnaeus 1758 (nut-tree tussock)
Global Biotic Interactions
Gynaephora selenitica Esper 1789 (Larch Tussock Moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cherry leaf roll virus
Global Biotic Interactions
Cossus cossus Linnaeus 1758 (goat moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Lithophane hepatica Clerck 1759
Global Biotic Interactions
Saturnia pavonia (Linnaeus 1758) (emperor moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Acronicta leporina Linnaeus 1758 (miller)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ochropacha duplaris Linnaeus 1761 (common lutestring)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ectoedemia minimella (Zetterstedt 1839) van Nieukerken 1985
Global Biotic Interactions
Odontopera bidentata Clerck 1759 (scalloped hazel)
Global Biotic Interactions
Acronicta alni Linnaeus 1767 (alder moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Endromis versicolora (Linnaeus 1758) (Kentish Glory)
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanchra pisi Linnaeus 1758
Global Biotic Interactions
Lycia hirtaria Clerck 1759 (Brindled Beauty)
Global Biotic Interactions
Trichiura crataegi Linnaeus 1758 (pale eggar)
Global Biotic Interactions
Acronicta psi Linnaeus 1758 (grey dagger)
Global Biotic Interactions
Selenia tetralunaria Hüfnagel 1767 (purple thorn)
Global Biotic Interactions
Eupithecia satyrata (satyr pug)
Global Biotic Interactions
Lobophora halterata Hüfnagel 1767
Global Biotic Interactions
Mollisia cinerea (Batsch) P. Karst. 1871
Global Biotic Interactions
Ematurga atomaria Linnaeus 1758 (common heath)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ectropis crepuscularia Schiffermüller 1775 (The Small Engrailed)
Global Biotic Interactions
Biston betularia Linnaeus 1758 (peppered moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Electrophaes corylata Thunberg 1792 (broken-barred carpet)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (Hübner 1817)
Global Biotic Interactions
Opisthograptis luteolata Linnaeus 1758 (brimstone moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Geometra papilionaria Linnaeus 1758 (large emerald)
Global Biotic Interactions
Abraxas sylvata Scopoli 1763 (clouded magpie)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (Hübner 1817)
Global Biotic Interactions
Operophtera brumata Linnaeus 1758 (winter moth)
Global Biotic Interactions
Epicoccum nigrum Link 1816
Global Biotic Interactions
Rheumaptera hastata Linnaeus 1758 (argent and sable)
Global Biotic Interactions
Cyclophora albipunctata Hüfnagel 1767 (birch mocha)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Tubeufia cerea (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Höhn. 1919
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar 1959
Global Biotic Interactions
Marssonina betulae (Lib.) Magnus 1906
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus lundellii Niemelä 1972
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. 1881 (Red-banded bracket)
Global Biotic Interactions
Ciboria betulae (Woronin) W. L. White 1941
Global Biotic Interactions
Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not. 1863 (King Alfred's Cakes)
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Cephaloscypha mairei (Pilát) Agerer 1983
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Hyphoderma setigerum (Fr.) Donk 1957
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Ciboria betulae (Woronin) W. L. White 1941
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus laevigatus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin 1928
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Splanchnonema argus (Berk. & Broome) Kuntze 1898
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. 1824 (dead man's fingers)
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Stereum rugosum Pers. 1794
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr. 1849
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 1863
Global Biotic Interactions
Valsella adhaerens Fuckel 1874
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Rutstroemia bolaris (Batsch) Rehm 1893
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Daldinia petriniae Y. M. Ju, J. D. Rogers & F. San Martín 1997
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconium bicolor Nees 1816
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconium bicolor Nees 1816
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899
Global Biotic Interactions
Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst. 1881 (White Cheese Polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P. Karst. 1873
Global Biotic Interactions
Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. 1800
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 1925
Global Biotic Interactions
Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P. Karst. 1873
Global Biotic Interactions
Exidia repanda Fr. 1822
Global Biotic Interactions
Cladobotryum mycophilum (Oudem.) W. Gams & Hooz. 1970
Global Biotic Interactions
Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P. Karst. 1873
Global Biotic Interactions
Melanconis alni Tul. & C. Tul. 1856
Global Biotic Interactions
Daldinia loculata (Lév.) Sacc. 1882
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Exidia repanda Fr. 1822
Global Biotic Interactions
Lasiosphaeria ovina (Pers.) Ces. & De Not. 1863
Global Biotic Interactions
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. 1871 (Honey Fungus)
Global Biotic Interactions
Pesotum piceae J. L. Crane & Schokn. 1973
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Calycellina leucella (P. Karst.) Dennis ex E. Müll. 1977
Global Biotic Interactions
Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd 1924
Global Biotic Interactions
Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P. Karst. 1873
Global Biotic Interactions
Venturia ditricha (Fr.) P. Karst. 1873
Global Biotic Interactions
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. 1849 (Tinder conk)
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Jackrogersella multiformis (Fr.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler 2017
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous 2013
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd 1924
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill 1903 (Mossy maze polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát 1942 (Chaga)
Global Biotic Interactions
Panellus stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. 1879
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden 1978 (Greasy bracket)
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Nodulisporium corticioides (Ferraris & Sacc.) S. Hughes 1958
Global Biotic Interactions
Xylodon radula (Fr.)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr. 1849
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden 1987
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Hyphoderma setigerum (Fr.) Donk 1957
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus laevigatus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin 1928
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 1863
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taeniolella exilis (P. Karst.) S. Hughes 1958
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Ophiognomonia intermedia (Rehm) Sogonov 2008
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Phlebia radiata Fr. 1821
Global Biotic Interactions
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill 1903 (Mossy maze polypore)
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Hyphodontia pallidula (Bres.) J. Erikss. 1958
Global Biotic Interactions
Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.) Lév. 1851
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Daldinia fissa Lloyd 1922
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. 1886
Global Biotic Interactions
Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 1863
Global Biotic Interactions
Taphrina betulina Rostr. 1883
Global Biotic Interactions
Godronia multispora J. W. Groves 1965
Global Biotic Interactions
Cryptosporium betulinum Corda 1837
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Eriocrania semipurpurella semipurpurella (Stephens)