Comments
provided by eFloras
In many treatments (e.g., E. G. Voss 1972+, vol. 2), Quercus ellipsoidalis is included in Q . coccinea . Variation in fruit morphology has led to recognition of several formae (W. Trelease 1919; see also R. J. Jensen 1986) and one variety ( Q . ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis , based on specimens from St. Paul, Minnesota, in which the cup tightly encloses the nut for two-thirds its length at maturity).
Quercus ellipsoidalis reportedly hybridizes with Q . rubra and Q . velutina .
The Menominee used Quercus ellipsoidalis medicinally to treat suppressed menses caused by cold (D. E. Moerman 1986).
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees , deciduous, to 20 m; lower trunk often with stubs of dead branches. Bark dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Twigs dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, often conspicuously 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent toward apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic, 70-130 × 50-100 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-7 deep lobes and 15-55 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup narrowly turbinate to deeply cup-shaped, 6-11 mm high × 10-19 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface reddish brown, puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, rarely with ring of pubescence around scar, scales with straight or slightly concave margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ellipsoid to ovoid, rarely subglobose, 10-20 × 9-15 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or more faint rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 4-8 mm.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Ont.; Ill., Ind., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Ohio, Wis.
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Flowering/Fruiting
provided by eFloras
Flowering spring.
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Habitat
provided by eFloras
Dry sandy sites, rarely on moderately mesic slopes or uplands; 150-500m.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Quercus ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis J. W. Moore
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
northern pin oak
Hill's oak
jack oak
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeNorthern pin oak is a small to medium-sized, native, deciduous tree,
typically reaching heights to 70 feet (21 m) [
14,
21]. It has an
irregularly shaped crown and low-hanging branches that persist for long
periods as dead stubs, giving a ragged appearance to the trunks [
9].
Northern pin oak has a deep taproot and deep widespreading lateral roots
[
4].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Northern pin oak has a limited range; it is largely confined to the
middle and western parts of the Great Lakes region. It occurs from
central Michigan east to noth-central Wisconsin, eastern Iowa, northern
Illinois, and northern Indiana. Disjunct populations occur in northern
Ohio, Arkansas, and extreme southeastern North Dakota [
6,
10,
23].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
root collar,
top-killNorthern pin oak is well adapted to fire. The thermal insulating
properties of the bark of mature trees allow it to survive even annual
burning [
24]. Smaller trees are easily damaged by surface fires but
will sprout vigorously from the root collar or stump after top-kill
[
8,
9].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophytePhanerophyte
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
shrub,
tree,
xericNorthern pin oak is an upland xeric species that commonly grows on dry,
acid, sandy soils with a very thin organic layer. It most often occurs
on sandy plains and sandstone hills, and develops into extensive pure
populations only on such sites [
9,
10].
Northern pin oak is the most drought tolerant of all black oaks [
2].
Common tree associates not listed in Distribution and Occurrence include
eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), pignut hickory (Carya glabra),
shagbark hickory (C. ovata), and pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica).
Common shrub associates include American green alder (Alnus crispa),
lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), chokecherry (Prunus
virginiana), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), American hazel (Corylus
americana), serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), snowberry (Symphoricarpos
spp.), wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), and willow (Salix spp.)
[
3,
10,
18,
29].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
1 Jack pine
14 Northern pin oak
18 Paper birch
19 Gray birch - red maple
21 Eastern white pine
23 Eastern hemlock
40 Post oak - blackjack oak
42 Bur oak
43 Bear oak
46 Eastern redcedar
62 Silver maple - American elm
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
108 Red maple
110 Black oak
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES39 Prairie
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term:
forestK081 Oak savanna
K082 Mosaic of K074 and K100
K083 Cedar glades
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Fire has very little effect on pole-sized or larger northern pin oak.
In eastern Kansas annual prescribed burning had very little effect on
trees larger than 10 inches (25 cm) d.b.h. [
1,
3,
5]. However, 13 years
of annual burning in Minnesota greatly reduced northern pin oak
populations, primarily by killing smaller diameter stems [
33].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Northern pin oak acorns provide food for a variety of wildlife species
including gray squirrels, white-tailed deer, and blue jays [
11,
17].
Wood ducks, eastern kingbirds, and the federally endangered Kirtland's
warbler utilize trunk cavities of northern pin oak as nesting sites
[
13,
15,
22].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
codominant,
forestNorthern pin oak is a common component in central upland deciduous
forest. It is pure or comprises a majority of the stocking in varying
mixtures with white oak (Quercus alba), black oak (Q. velutina), scarlet
oak (Q. coccinea), bur oak (Q. macrocarpa), or northern red oak (Q.
borealis) [
10].
The following published classifications list northern pin oak as a
dominant or codominant species:
Classification of forest ecosystems in Michigan [
26]
Field guide to forest habitat types in northern Wisconsin [
19]
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeTree
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeDepending on the manager's objectives, a number of silvicultural methods
are appropriate for the regeneration of northern pin oak. Clearcutting
is a good method to use if advanced reproduction is adequate to replace
the harvested stand. The shelterwood system should be used if advanced
reproduction is inadequate [
28].
Northern pin oak is susceptible to oak wilt caused by the fungus
Ceratocystis fagacearum. The disease is spread from tree to tree
through root grafts and by sap-feeding beetles (Nitidulidae spp.)
[
7,
29].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AR IL IN IA KS MI MN MO ND OH
WI
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
fruitFlowering occurs from March to May. Staminate flowers develop from leaf
buds of axils of the previous year, whereas the pistillate flowers
develop from buds formed during the current year. The fruit ripens in 2
years; dispersal occurs from late August to early December [
23].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
densityNorthern pin oak is generally favored by fire. After an early spring
fire in northeastern Wisconsin, northern pin oak sprouted vigorously and
maintained the preburn density of 30 trees per acre (74/ha) [
31].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tree with adventitious-bud root crown/root sucker
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
monoecious,
root collar,
seed,
treeSexual: Northern pin oak is monoecious. Seed production begins when
the tree is about 20 years old. Good seed crops are not produced every
year and in the off years many of the acorns are destroyed by weevils
[
10,
23]. Seed dissemination is by squirrels, blue jays, and gravity
[
16,
17].
Vegetative: Northern pin oak sprouts from the root collar or stump if
top-killed or cut [
25,
32].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
climaxFaculative Seral Species.
Northern pin oak is very intolerant and does not reproduce under its own
shade [
2,
26]. The other oaks with which it is commonly associated are
less light demanding and thus tend to succeed it. Successsion is toward
a white oak-black oak-northern red oak and bur oak communities. In
central Wisconsin, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is encroaching on
northern pin oak communities. In parts of eastern Minnesota where pine
is absent, northern pin oak forms an edaphic climax on poor sandy soils
[
10].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for northern pin oak is Quercus
ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill [
21]. It is in the subgenus Erythrobalanus, or
red (black) oak group [
23]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms.
Northern pin oak hybridizes with the following species [
21,
29]:
x Q. rubra (northern red oak)
x Q. velutina (black oak): Q. xpalaeolithicola Trel.
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Northern pin oak is useful for rehabilitating disturbed sites. It has a
deep root system, xeromorphic leaves, low water potential thershold for
stomatal closure, and the ability to adjust osmotically. Northern pin
oak can maintain high rates of photosynthesis during drought and
survives on nutrient-poor soils [
2,
4].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Wood Products Value
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Like several other oaks, northern pin oak can be used to make furniture,
flooring, and interior finishing.
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo. 1993. Quercus ellipsoidalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Quercus ellipsoidalis
provided by wikipedia EN
Quercus ellipsoidalis, the northern pin oak or Hill's oak, is a North American species of oak tree native to the north-central United States and south-central Canada, primarily in the Great Lakes region and the Upper Mississippi Valley.[2] It most commonly occurs on dry, sandy soils.[3]
Description
Quercus ellipsoidalis is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20 meters (66 feet) tall with an open, rounded crown. The leaves are glossy green, 7–13 centimetres (2+3⁄4–5 inches) long and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) broad, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3–7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. The acorns tend to be ellipsoid (ellipse-shaped, from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, 6–11 millimetres (1⁄4–7⁄16 in) long and 10–19 mm (13⁄32–3⁄4 in) broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after pollination; the kernel is very bitter. The inner surface of the acorn cap is glabrous (hairless) to sparsely or moderately pubescent, and the hairs if present tend to be kinky rather than straight.[4][5]
Taxonomy
Although the common name suggests a resemblance to the pin oak (Q. palustris), Q. ellipsoidalis has traditionally been thought to be closely related to the scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), and was in fact included in that species by many botanists. Recent work suggests that there is more gene flow between Hill's oak and black oak (Q. velutina), but the phylogenetic position of these species is still uncertain.[6] The morphological similarity between Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. coccinea remains a source of confusion, especially in northwestern Indiana and southern Cook County, Illinois.[6][7]
Uses
Northern pin oak is planted as an ornamental tree, popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. The wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction. The cultivar 'Hemelrijk' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]
References
-
^ Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L.; Jerome, D. (2017). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T33896A111335227. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T33896A111335227.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
-
^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
-
^ Michigan Flora Online. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. 26 August 2020.
-
^ Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
-
^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". Oaks of the Americas.
-
^ a b Hipp AL, JA Weber (2008) Systematic Botany 33: 148-158
-
^ Ongoing research at The Morton Arboretum into the taxonomy of Hill's oak, including SEM images of the pubescence on the inner surface of the acorn cap
-
^ "RHS Plantfinder – Quercus ellipsoidalis 'Hemelrijk'". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
-
^ "AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 83. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
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Quercus ellipsoidalis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Quercus ellipsoidalis, the northern pin oak or Hill's oak, is a North American species of oak tree native to the north-central United States and south-central Canada, primarily in the Great Lakes region and the Upper Mississippi Valley. It most commonly occurs on dry, sandy soils.
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