Acalymma vittatum, the striped cucumber beetle, is a beetle of the family Chrysomelidae and a serious pest of cucurbit crops in both larval and adult stages.[1] It is distributed from eastern North America to the Rocky Mountains.[2] It is replaced in the west by Acalymma trivittatum, a duller species often with greyish or pale white elytra rather than yellow.
The striped cucumber beetle is a small beetle approximately half a centimeter (1/5 inch) in length, and characterized by brown-yellow elytra completely covering the abdomen and longitudinally transversed by three thick black stripes. It superficially resembles the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), another serious crop pest. However, the ventral abdominal surface of A. vittatum is black where that of D. virgifera are yellow, and the elytra of D. virgifera often do not extend the full length of the abdomen.
Large numbers of adults emerge from diapause in the spring to feed on the foliage, flowers, and pollen of cucurbit species. Between one and two generations of beetles can pass in a season depending on the region, with the final generation settling into another period of diapause to wait out the winter.
Females will lay eggs on or in the immediate vicinity of the stem of a viable host plant, often a member of the genus Cucurbita. Eggs are a bright orange color and less than a millimeter in diameter. Eggs hatch after a short period and larvae feed on the roots of the plant.
Striped cucumber beetles can cause significant amounts of foliar damage to cucurbit crops, particularly to older plants, and larval root feeding also damages the plant. The most damage is often seen in the early part of the year during the emergence of overwintering beetles, but feeding damage continues throughout the entire growing season. Furthermore, adult beetles are one of two known vectors of the bacterial wilt Erwinia tracheiphila, an incurable and often fatal disease of cucurbits. Bacteria passes from the frass of the beetle into feeding wounds that reach into the vascular tissues of the plants, where they proliferate to the point of blocking the xylem.
In Massachusetts, A. vittatum are attracted by several chemicals emitted by cucurbits, including 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and indole, though not (E)-cinnamaldehyde.[3] In Illinois, A. vittatum was found to be attracted to indole and (E)-cinnamaldehyde, but not 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene.[4]
Grower tolerance for this beetle is very low, due in major part to the transmission of bacterial wilt. Unfortunately, effective control techniques beyond pesticides are few and far between. Research into nematode and other biological control agents continues today. Another possibility is the planting of trap crops (crops that the beetles prefer) around the perimeter of the main crop. The trap crop can then be treated with insecticide, reducing overall pesticide use.[5]
Some research indicates that striped cucumber beetle damage can be reduced by the use of vermicompost fertilizer compared to inorganic fertilizer. Researchers suggest that the mechanism by which vermicompost reduces beetle damage is due to an increase in phenolic compounds in plants grown with vermicompost.[6]
The application of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus to a trap crop is an effective means of controlling the beetle.
Acalymma vittatum, along with other cucurbit-feeding beetles in the genus Diabrotica, are induced to feeding behavior by a class of plant secondary compounds called cucurbitacins, widespread in members of the family Cucurbitaceae. These extremely bitter chemicals are hypothesized to have evolved as a plant feeding defense, but have been co-opted by the beetles into a kairomonal feeding attractant. Beetles are capable of consuming amounts of cucurbitacins that would kill other organisms, and some work has indicated that the beetle may sequester the compounds in their elytra to deter predation.
Data related to Acalymma vittatum at Wikispecies
Acalymma vittatum, the striped cucumber beetle, is a beetle of the family Chrysomelidae and a serious pest of cucurbit crops in both larval and adult stages. It is distributed from eastern North America to the Rocky Mountains. It is replaced in the west by Acalymma trivittatum, a duller species often with greyish or pale white elytra rather than yellow.
Acalymma vittatum es una especie de insecto coleóptero de la familia Chrysomelidae. Es una seria plaga de cucurbitáceas las que daña tanto en su estadio larvario, como adulto.[1] Fue descrito científicamente por primera vez en 1775 por Fabricius.[2] Basónimo: Cryptocephalus vittatus. Fabricius, 1775
Se encuentra en el este y centro de Norteamérica, al este de las Montañas Rocosas.[3]
Mide aproximadamente medio centímetro de longitud; se caracteriza por élitros que cubren totalmente el abdomen y que son de color castaño amarillentos atravesados longitudinalmente por tres bandas negras gruesas. Tiene cierta semejanza con Diabrotica virgifera, que es otra plaga seria de las cosechas. La diferencia es que la superficie ventral abdominal de A. vittatum es negra y la de D. virgifera es amarilla y que los élitros de D. virgifera a menudo no llegan al final del abdomen.
Los adultos emergen de la diapausa en grandes números en la primavera y se alimentan del follaje, flores y polen de especies de Cucurbitaceae. Puede haber una o dos generaciones por año según la región, con la última generación entrando en diapausa para pasar el invierno. Las hembras depositan huevos en los tallos de sus plantas huéspedes o en su proximidad. Los huevos son de color naranja brillante y de un milímetro de diámetro. Las larvas se alimentan de las raíces de las plantas, a menudo del género Cucurbita.
Estos insectos pueden causar serio daño al follaje de las cosechas, especialmente de plantas más viejas. El daño es más serio al principio de la primavera cuando los escarabajos emergen de la diapausa invernal, pero el daño continúa durante toda la estación de crecimiento.
Además los adultos son uno de los dos vectores conocidos de la bacteria Erwinia tracheiphila, que causa una enfermedad a menudo fatal de las cucurbitáceas. La bacteria pasa de las heces del insecto a las heridas causadas por sus mordeduras al comer y llega al sistema vascular de la planta, donde prolifera bloqueando al xilema.
Datos: Q1317179
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Especies: Acalymma vittatum
Acalymma vittatum es una especie de insecto coleóptero de la familia Chrysomelidae. Es una seria plaga de cucurbitáceas las que daña tanto en su estadio larvario, como adulto. Fue descrito científicamente por primera vez en 1775 por Fabricius. Basónimo: Cryptocephalus vittatus. Fabricius, 1775
Se encuentra en el este y centro de Norteamérica, al este de las Montañas Rocosas.
Acalymma vittatum
La Chrysomèle rayée du concombre (Acalymma vittatum) est une espèce d'insectes coléoptères de la famille des Chrysomelidae, originaire d'Amérique du Nord.
Ce coléoptère est un ravageur des cultures de Cucurbitaceae, tant au stade larvaire qu'au stade adulte (imago). C'est en outre un vecteur de maladies bactériennes et virales.
Il adore les fleurs de courgette. On peut recenser jusqu'à dix chrysomèles mangeant une seule fleur en même temps. Il est conseillé de laver les fleurs de courgette avant de les frire afin d'enlever cet insecte vorace. En anglais, son nom est Striped cucumber beetle.
Un truc pour piéger les chrysomèles consiste à les attirer vers un gobelet en plastique jaune enduit de colle et monté sur un poteau.
Acalymma vittatum
La Chrysomèle rayée du concombre (Acalymma vittatum) est une espèce d'insectes coléoptères de la famille des Chrysomelidae, originaire d'Amérique du Nord.
Ce coléoptère est un ravageur des cultures de Cucurbitaceae, tant au stade larvaire qu'au stade adulte (imago). C'est en outre un vecteur de maladies bactériennes et virales.
Il adore les fleurs de courgette. On peut recenser jusqu'à dix chrysomèles mangeant une seule fleur en même temps. Il est conseillé de laver les fleurs de courgette avant de les frire afin d'enlever cet insecte vorace. En anglais, son nom est Striped cucumber beetle.
Un truc pour piéger les chrysomèles consiste à les attirer vers un gobelet en plastique jaune enduit de colle et monté sur un poteau.
Acalymma vittatum is een keversoort uit de familie bladhaantjes (Chrysomelidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1775 door Fabricius.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Acalymma vittatum (cunoscut tradițonal ca Gândacul dungat) este un gândac de castravete din familia Chrysomelidae și un mare distrugător al culturilor de curcubitacee în fazele larvare și de adulți. [1]
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Acest articol despre o specie din familia Chrysomelidae este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea lui!
Acalymma vittatum (cunoscut tradițonal ca Gândacul dungat) este un gândac de castravete din familia Chrysomelidae și un mare distrugător al culturilor de curcubitacee în fazele larvare și de adulți.
Acalymma vittatum là một loài bọ cánh cứng trong họ Chrysomelidae. Loài này được Fabricius miêu tả khoa học năm 1775.[1]
Acalymma vittatum là một loài bọ cánh cứng trong họ Chrysomelidae. Loài này được Fabricius miêu tả khoa học năm 1775.
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