Neptis is a large genus of butterflies of Old World tropics and subtropics.[2] They are commonly called sailer butterflies or sailers, or more precisely typical sailers to distinguish them from the related blue sailer (Pseudoneptis).
The head is rather broad and moderately hairy on the forehead. The eyes are large and prominent. The palpi are short, acute, slender, hairy, and do not rise above the level of the forehead. The antennae are moderately long, terminating in an elongate, gradually-formed club, flattened on its upper surface. The thorax is not robust and it is as broad as the head and slightly hairy posteriorly. The wing characters are: forewings elongate, rather truncate; costa only slightly arched; apex not acute, but well marked; hind margin slightly convex and sinuated; anal angle distinct; inner-margin convex near base, slightly concave about middle. Hindwings large, rounded; costa strongly arched; hind margin moderately dentate; inner margins only slightly convex, not covering posterior portion of the abdomen. Upperside patterning consists of white spots and bars (some species have orange or yellow bars) on a black ground colour. Underside patterns are yellowish to reddish brown, alternating with white bands The legs are rather short and stout. The abdomen is slender, much compressed and rather elongate.
The head of the larva is very large and bifid on its summit. There is a pair of downy, elongate, tubercular processes, projecting laterally, on both the second and third segments—those on the third segment are much longer. There is an upright pyramidal process on the penultimate segment and the body is attenuated posteriorly.
The pupa is strongly curved (thick in central portion). The head is deeply bifid.
Neptis nashona showing undersides. In Neptis both sexes have similar wing markings but females are larger.
African Neptis. Distinguishing the species involves study of the configuration of the white spots, bars and submarginal lines on both wing surfaces.
African Neptis. Plate accompanying a classic study by Harry Eltringham
Larva and pupa, figures 10 and 10a
About 65 species occur in the Afrotropical realm, over 40 in the Palearctic realm 6 in the Australasian realm and about 50 occur in the Indomalayan realm.
Neptis are forest, including rainforest and secondary forest, butterflies. They are also found in lightly wooded areas and gardens.
Larval food plants come from the families Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polygonaceae, Sapindaceae, Urticaceae and Connaraceae.
Adults have a "sailing" flight flapping their wings and then gliding. They frequently perch and visit flowers for nectar and damp patches where they imbibe salts and other nutrients. Adult uppersides exhibit disruptive coloration, This species has been observed to make sounds whose function has not been established.[3]
Neptis are allied to Pantoporia, in which the white wing markings are replaced by orange and to Athyma resemble Neptis but have more triangular forewings. The type species of the genus is Papilio aceris Esper.
Species include:
Neptis is a large genus of butterflies of Old World tropics and subtropics. They are commonly called sailer butterflies or sailers, or more precisely typical sailers to distinguish them from the related blue sailer (Pseudoneptis).
Neptis est un genre de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Limenitidinae. Très diversifié, il comporte plus de 150 espèces.
Le genre Neptis a été décrit par l'entomologiste danois Johan Christian Fabricius en 1807. Son espèce type est Papilio aceris Esper, 1783, qui est actuellement considérée comme un synonyme de Neptis sappho[1].
Neptis Fabricius, 1807 a pour synonymes[1] :
En anglais, les espèces du genre Neptis sont appelées Sailers. En français, elles comptent parmi les espèces appelées Sylvains, comme les Limenitis.
Les Neptis sont principalement répandus dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales d'Afrique, d'Asie du Sud-Est et d'Océanie[2],[1]. Deux espèces sont présentes en Europe : Neptis sappho (le Sylvain de la gesse) et Neptis rivularis (le Sylvain des spirées).
D'après Funet[1] :
Neptis est un genre de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Limenitidinae. Très diversifié, il comporte plus de 150 espèces.
Neptis is een geslacht van vlinders uit de familie Nymphalidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1807 door Johann Christian Fabricius.
De typesoort van het geslacht is Papilio aceris Esper, 1783
Neptis is een geslacht van vlinders uit de familie Nymphalidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1807 door Johann Christian Fabricius.
De typesoort van het geslacht is Papilio aceris Esper, 1783
Neptis er en artsrik slekt av sommerfugler som tilhører gruppen Limenitidinae i den store familien flikvinger (Nymphalidae). De er gode flygere og seiler gjerne på stive vinger. De fleste av artene er tropiske, de er utbredt i Afrika og varme deler av Asia.
Stort sett middelsstore sommerfugler (små til Limenitidinae å være), oversiden har mørk grunnfarge med hvite til oransje striper. Undersidens tegninger ligner oversiden men grunnfargen er lysere.
Larvene kan leve på en rekke forskjellige plantefamilier, men kanskje særlig på erteblomstfamilien. De voksne sommerfuglene seiler gjerne på utstrakte vinger, slekten blir kalt "sailers" på engelsk.
Slekten er utbredt i Afrika og det sørlige Asia. To arter går så langt nord som Europa, og én art finnes i Australia.
Neptis er en artsrik slekt av sommerfugler som tilhører gruppen Limenitidinae i den store familien flikvinger (Nymphalidae). De er gode flygere og seiler gjerne på stive vinger. De fleste av artene er tropiske, de er utbredt i Afrika og varme deler av Asia.
Пеструшки[1][2] (лат. Neptis), — большой род дневных бабочек семейства нимфалид[3], состоит из 147 общеизвестных видов, широко распространённых в Евразии, Африке и Австралии.
Усики с веретеновидной булавой. Передние крылья с выпуклым внешним краем, край задних крыльев волнистый. Центральная ячейка на верхних крыльях не замкнута.
В России 9 видов: Neptis alwina, Neptis philyra, Neptis philyroides, пеструшка таволговая (Neptis rivularis), пеструшка Сапфо (Neptis sappho), Neptis speyeri, Neptis themis, Neptis thisbe и Neptis tschetverikovi[4].
Пеструшки (лат. Neptis), — большой род дневных бабочек семейства нимфалид, состоит из 147 общеизвестных видов, широко распространённых в Евразии, Африке и Австралии.
Усики с веретеновидной булавой. Передние крылья с выпуклым внешним краем, край задних крыльев волнистый. Центральная ячейка на верхних крыльях не замкнута.
В России 9 видов: Neptis alwina, Neptis philyra, Neptis philyroides, пеструшка таволговая (Neptis rivularis), пеструшка Сапфо (Neptis sappho), Neptis speyeri, Neptis themis, Neptis thisbe и Neptis tschetverikovi.
環蛺蝶屬（Sailer，學名：Neptis）是線蛺蝶亞科裡的一個較大的屬。小型蝴蝶，廣泛分佈於舊大陸的亞熱帶地區。本屬在1819由Hübner確立。
頭部較寬，前額具有毛。眼睛大而突出。唇鬚短而彎曲，具有毛且尾部尖銳，其長度不超過前額。觸角細長且位於上表面，尾端逐漸延長形成錘節。胸部並不粗壯，在後胸處覆有少許的毛。翅膀的特徵有:前翅左右修長，前後短，前緣脈稍成拱形，頂角(端部)並不尖銳，但很明顯，後緣微凸且略呈波浪狀，肛角顯著，內緣靠近基部的地方凸出，而在略近中間的位置向內凹；後翅大而圓，前緣脈十分的彎曲，外緣成整齊的鋸齒狀，內緣僅微凸，不會覆蓋腹部後面的部分。背面的花紋包含白色斑點、白色條狀斑(有些種類是橘色或黃色的條狀斑)及黑色底色。腹面花紋由淡黃色到紅棕色的底色與白色條狀斑構成。足相對較短而肥碩。腹部苗條，相當扁而延長[1]。
幼蟲頭部很大且頭頂有一對很短的岐角。在第二、三節處有一對長而向外凸出的棘突，在第三節的棘突通常較長，倒數第二節處亦有一對三角形的棘突[1]。
蛹有很明顯的彎曲，中間部份很厚，頭部有岐角[1]。
約有65種分布在非洲熱帶地區，超過40種分布在舊北區，6種分布在澳新界，約50種分布在東洋界[1]。
森林性的物種，例如雨林或次生林，也會出現在明亮的環境，例如花園等[1]。
幼蟲寄主植物為豆科、鼠李科、大戟科、蓼科、無患子科、蕁麻科及牛栓藤科等植物。成蟲常有滑行的飛行方式，他們會停在樹冠的葉片上、吸食花蜜、到潮濕的地方攝取鹽分及營養。成蟲背面花紋可以破壞他的樣貌，將形態分割，腹面則具有保護色。豆環蛺蝶會發出聲音[1]。
蟠蛺蝶屬與環蛺蝶屬為姊妹群，蟠蛺蝶屬的條狀斑為橘色，帶蛺蝶屬與環蛺蝶屬相似，但前者的前翅的三角形型狀更明顯[1]。模式種為小環蛺蝶，原學名Papilio aceris Esper, [1783]已被視為 Neptis sappho (Pallas, 1771)之同物異名[1]。
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
..jpg)
.jpg)
