Tristramella simonis és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Tristramella simonis és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Tristramella simonis (Syn.: Tristramella intermedia, T. magdelainae) ist eine Buntbarschart, die im israelischen See Genezareth und im Muzairib, einem Nebenfluss des Jordan, vorkommt. Eine Population im ehemaligen Chulasee ist mit dessen Trockenlegung verschwunden.
Tristramella simonis wird maximal 25 cm lang. 35,3 bis 41,1 % der Standardlänge nimmt der Kopf ein. In jedem Kiefer haben die Fische drei bis vier Zahnreihen. Die Zähne der äußeren Reihen sind zweispitzig, die der inneren Reihen dreispitzig. Die untere Pharyngealia ist nur wenig länger als breit und hat mittig zwei bis vier Reihe vergrößerter Zähne. Die seitlichen und vorderen Pharyngealzähne stehen sehr dicht beieinander. Auf dem unteren Ast des ersten Kiemenbogens befinden sich 10 bis 12 Kiemenrechen. Fisch gefangene Exemplare sind am Rücken und an den Seiten olivbraun gefärbt, am Bauch sind sie heller. Auf den Körperseiten haben sie acht senkrechte Bänder, die bei Jungfischen stärker ausgeprägt sind als bei adulten Tieren. Auf dem Kiemendeckel befindet sich ein schwarzer Fleck.[1]
Tristramella simonis ist omnivor und ernährt sich vor allem von Phytoplankton, von höheren Pflanzen und gelegentlich auch von Zooplankton. Die Fortpflanzungszeit dauert von März bis August. Jedes Exemplar laicht in dieser Zeit zwei bis drei mal. Die Fische sind Maulbrüter.[1][2]
Die Fischart wurde 1864 durch den deutschen Zoologen Albert Günther unter dem wissenschaftlichen Namen Chromis simonis beschrieben und 1942 der von der britischen Ichthyologin Ethelwynn Trewavas eingeführten Gattung Tristramella zugeordnet.[3]
Tristramella simonis (Syn.: Tristramella intermedia, T. magdelainae) ist eine Buntbarschart, die im israelischen See Genezareth und im Muzairib, einem Nebenfluss des Jordan, vorkommt. Eine Population im ehemaligen Chulasee ist mit dessen Trockenlegung verschwunden.
Tristramella simonis, the short jaw tristramella, is a vulnerable species of cichlid fish from the Jordan River system, including Lake Tiberias (Kinneret), in Israel and Syria, with introduced populations in the Nahr al-Kabir and Orontes basins in Syria.[1][2] It prefers waters with little or no movement.[2] Along with other tilapias, T. simonis is commonly caught as a food fish in parts of its range and it is commercially important in Lake Tiberias.[1][3]
It is the only member of the genus Tristramella that remains extant,[2] but it is vulnerable according to the IUCN.[1] Primary threats are water extraction and climate change reducing the rain in its range.[1] Other potential threats are uncontrolled fishing,[1] and outbreaks of a viral disease that causes blindness in tilapia, including T. simonis.[3] The species survives in less than ten locations. The primary location is Lake Tiberias where it remained common, the population was not threatened and fisheries are well-controlled (unlike other parts of its range).[1] However, in a review of catches in Lake Tiberias, a strong and serious decline was observed in 2006–2016 compared to 1996–2005, which was even more extreme if compared to 1986–1995. If looking at each year in 2000–2015, there was a sudden strong decline to very low levels in 2005–2006, with a slight rebound in 2010, then followed by very low levels again. It likely has the potential to rebound, as small juveniles are still common.[4] Two northern populations, intermidia from Lake Hula and magdelainea from the vicinity of Damascus, are extinct,[5][6] but their taxonomic status is uncertain.[2] In the past, they were recognized as subspecies of T. simonis by FishBase and they are still recognized as valid, separate species by the IUCN, which however has not reviewed their status since 2006.[5][6] Today FishBase and Catalog of Fishes consider both intermidia and magdelainea as synonyms of T. simonis.[7][8]
In contrast to the conservation status in much of its native range, a survey in Syria in 2008 found that T. simonis had been introduced to the Nahr al-Kabir and Orontes basins. It was abundant at some of these locations, even thriving in man-made habitats like reservoirs.[2]
This species can reach a total length of 25.8 cm (10.2 in),[11] but adults typically are 18–21 cm (7–8.5 in).[9] It resembles a typical tilapia, usually being overall olive–brownish to golden–brownish, sometimes with a banded pattern. Compared to the extinct T. sacra, T. simonis has a proportionally shorter head and its lower jaw at most protrudes slightly past the upper jaw.[9][10] They also differ in their teeth (number and shape) and certain meristics.[10][11] If recognized as valid, the extinct intermidia and magdelainea only differ slightly in proportions and other details compared to T. simonis.[9][10]
T. simonis mostly feeds on phytoplankton and macrophytes, but also takes zooplankton and small benthic invertebrates.[9][12] In Lake Tiberias, adults are found in open-water schools for much of the year, while the young live in sheltered habitats near the coast.[3] The species can reach maturity when 16 cm (6.5 in) long,[9] and breeding is from March to August, with a female being able to spawn two or three times in a season.[12] It is a mouthbrooder, but some sources indicate this only is done by the female,[1][9] while others indicate it is done by both parents.[12] There are up to 250 relatively large eggs,[9] which are laid on the open bottom in a "nest" in water less than 3 m (10 ft) deep.[4] Shortly after they are picked up in the parent's mouth. The juveniles stay in the mouth after they hatch from the eggs, only leaving their parent when they reach about 1.4 cm (0.55 in).[9]
Although hybrids are well-known among tilapias, hybrids between Tristramella and other tilapias are unknown. Despite both living in Lake Tiberias and them being close relatives, hybridization between T. simonis and the now-extinct T. sacra also is not known to have occurred.[11] A species of fish louse, Argulus tristramellae, apparently is host specific, only parasitizing T. simonis (even when still common, T. sacra was not attacked by this fish louse).[11]
Tristramella simonis, the short jaw tristramella, is a vulnerable species of cichlid fish from the Jordan River system, including Lake Tiberias (Kinneret), in Israel and Syria, with introduced populations in the Nahr al-Kabir and Orontes basins in Syria. It prefers waters with little or no movement. Along with other tilapias, T. simonis is commonly caught as a food fish in parts of its range and it is commercially important in Lake Tiberias.
Tristramella simonis es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Es una especie de clima tropical
Tristramella simonis es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Tristramella simonis Tristramella generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
Tristramella simonis Tristramella generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
Tristramella simonis simonis is een ondersoort van de straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de cichliden (Cichlidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1864 door Günther.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Tristramella simonis é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Israel e Síria.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios, rios intermitentes e lagos de água doce.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
Tristramella simonis é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Israel e Síria.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios, rios intermitentes e lagos de água doce.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
Tristramella simonis là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Israel và Syria. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông, intermittent rivers, and hồ nước ngọt. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Cá hoàng đế này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Tristramella simonis là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Israel và Syria. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông, intermittent rivers, and hồ nước ngọt. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
錫莫三列麗鯛，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一種，分布於亞洲約旦河流域的Tiberias湖與Muzairib湖，體長可達25公分，以藻類及有機碎屑為食。
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