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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 18 years (captivity) Observations: Lungfishes have been reported to live more than 20 years in captivity (Genade et al. 2005), but this has not been confirmed.
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Diagnostic Description

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Diagnosis: Protopterus annectens annectens has an elongate body and paired fins are long and filamentous (Ref. 81261). The trunk, with 34-37 ribs, is a bit longer and the tail a bit shorter compared to Protopterus annectens brieni (Ref. 40587).Description: Protopterus annectens annectens is characterized by an elongate body and a prominent snout (Ref. 2834, 81261). Eye small, its diameter comprised from 9 to 15 times in head length (Ref. 2834, 81261). Dorsal-fin origin closer to occiput than to anus; caudal fin pointed, but its tip often broken off; paired fins long and filamentous, the pectorals with a rather broad basal fringe, up to 3 times longer than the pelvic fins and up to twice longer than head (Ref. 367, 2834, 81261). External gills usually inserted behind the gill opening and above the anterior paired fin (Ref. 81261). Scales small, cycloid an embedded in the skin; 40-50 between gill opening and anus; 36-40 encircling the body in front of dorsal-fin origin (Ref. 2834, 3023, 81261).Colouration: Usually dark, olivaceous or brownish, lighter below; irregular dark spots on fins and body, except on belly (Ref. 367, 81261).
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Migration

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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Life Cycle

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Lungfish spawn in the swamps during the wet season, building a nest in which the eggs, white in colour and about 4 mm diameter, are laid; young are cared for by the males (Ref. 13851). Larvae hatch in eight days, and leave the nest in twenty days (Ref. 41544). Males of Protopterus annectens brieni excavate an U-shaped burrow to a depth of nearly 60 cm for spawning purposes; nest is usually placed amongst roots of aquatic vegetation where the male will attend to several females during the breeding season; males aerate the eggs with body and fin movements and provide protection to the young for some time after incubation (Ref. 13337).
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Biology

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Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274). Found in marginal swamps and backwaters of rivers and lakes (Ref. 30488). Carnivorous, food includes molluscs (Ref. 30488), but also frogs, fish and seed (Ref. 13851). In Kenya it feeds mostly on plant material, like roots (Ref. 30558). Strongly associated with life of aquatic plants in terms of breeding and feeding ecologies; nests are made in weedy areas (Ref. 30558). Normally lives on flood plains and secretes, when these dry up during the dry season, a thin slime around itself which dries into a fragile cocoon; normally hibernates from the end of one wet season to the start of the next, buut can live in its cocoon for over a year (Ref. 3023, 30558). For hibernating the fish literally chews its way into the substrate ejecting mud out of its gill openings, reaching a depth of 3-25 cm below the surface depending on the length of the fish; the lungfish wriggles around, thereby hollowing out a bulb-shaped chamber and coming to rest with its nose pointing upward; they breathe air at the mouth of the chamber's tube and then sink back into the expanded part of the chamber (Ref. 36739). As the water disappears the respiratory trips cease; air reaches the fish via the tube to the surface (Ref. 36739). Under aquatic conditions this lungfish can survive more than three and half years of starvation, showing the same behavior - no motion and same body posture - as an aestivating specimen (Ref. 51339).
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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Suider-Afrikaanse longvis ( Afrikaans )

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Die Suider-Afrikaanse longvis, of slegs longvis (Protopterus annectens brieni), is kwesbare varswatervis wat in noordoostelike dele van Suider-Afrika voorkom. Dit is een van twee subspesies van Protopterus annectens, die ander subspesie, Protopterus annectens brieni, word meer Noord aangetref.

Voorkoms

Longvisse is grysbruin met donkerbruin kolle en vlekke en sylynkanale vorm golwende lyne oor die kop. 'n Volwasse longvis het 'n totale lengte van 600 mm. Die longvis het sagte, ronde skubbe met gladde rande. Soortgelyk aan die Ooskus-longvis, die enigste ander longvis wat in Suider-Afrika voorkom, het die longvis 'n verlengde lyf, wat afgespits is tot 'n punt. Sy bors- en buikvinne is slank en ook afgespits, terwyl sy rug- en anaalvin net sagte strale het. Longvisse het 'n bonkige en slangagtige kop, met 'n bek met skerp tande. Die vis se neusgate is onder sy bolip en word dus verskuil wanneer die vis se mond toe is.

Die openinge van die longvis se kieukamers is kort en beperk tot die sye voor die basis van die borsvinne. Daar is klein uitwendige kieue bokante elke kieuspleet. Die vis se anus is agter die basis van die buikvinne geleë, nie op die middellyn nie, maar effens na die kant.

Habitat

Soos reeds genoem word die longvis in die noordoostelike dele van Suider-Afrika aangetref, meer spesifiek van die kusvlaktes van Mosambiek, van die Benede-Zambezi tot die Inkomati, tot middel-Zambezivallei. Dit kom ook voor in die Bangeweulu-meer in Zambië.

VancouverZooEel.JPG

Soos die naam te kenne gee, het 'n longvis 'n long waarmee hy asem kan haal en wat hom in staat stel om in die suurstofarme waters van tropiese panne, vleie en moerasse te lewe. 'n Kenmerkende eienskap van die longvis is dat hy in staat is om, wanneer die watervlak sak, 'n holte in die sagte afsaksels te grawe. Hy versteek hom dan in die holte en skei 'n slymkokon af om die opening te vul. Die longvis kan dan vir sewe tot agt maande in 'n rustende toestand (estivering) in hierdie holte bly, tot sy habitat weer oorstroom word. Tydens hierdie periode haal hy asem deur 'n gaatjie in die kokon.

Die longvis se dieet bestaan hoofsaaklik uit slakke, insekte, wurms en ander stadige bodembewoners, maar hy sal ook met tye ander visse, paddas en paddavissies vang. Hy suig sy prooi in sy bek in, kou dit herhaaldelik, spoeg dit uit en suig dit dan weer in.

Tydens die broeityd bou longvisse 'n nes in die bodem, wat kan wissel van 'n eenvoudige vorm tot 'n U-vormige tonnel. Die mannetjie is verantwoordelik vir die bewaking van die nes met die eiers en jong vissies. Longvisse het 'n moontlike lewensduur van baie jare.

Die longvis word in akwariums aangehou en word in die natuur deur inwoners gevang en geëet. Dis is 'n kwesbare vis in Suid-Afrika en word bedreig in Zimbabwe.

Sien ook

Bronnelys

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Suider-Afrikaanse longvis: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Suider-Afrikaanse longvis, of slegs longvis (Protopterus annectens brieni), is kwesbare varswatervis wat in noordoostelike dele van Suider-Afrika voorkom. Dit is een van twee subspesies van Protopterus annectens, die ander subspesie, Protopterus annectens brieni, word meer Noord aangetref.

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Bahník západoafrický ( Czech )

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Bahník západoafrický (Protopterus annectens) je ryba z čeledi Protopteridae. Patří mezi dvojdyšné (Dipnoi). Tyto ryby se na naší planetě vyskytují velice dlouhou dobu a patří mezi tzv. živoucí zkameněliny.

Výskyt

Bahníci západoafričtí žijí ve sladkých bažinatých jezerech Afriky. Jejich areál rozšíření je velký, ze všech zemí, ve kterých se vyskytuje, jmenujme například Čad. IUCN ho řadí mezi málo dotčené druhy.[2]

Popis

Základní popis

Bahník západoafrický má dlouhé tělo, které může měřit až 1 metr. Bahníci jsou dlouhověcí, byl u nich zjištěn věk i 20 let.

Potrava

Tyto primitivní ryby nejsou, co se týče potravy, příliš vybíravé. Živí se všemi organismy které najdou, včetně obojživelníků a jiných tvorů.[3]

Speciální adaptace

Bahníci žijí v jezerech, která v období sucha vysychají. Nedostatek vody jim však nevadí a ani je nemůže zahubit. Když přijde období sucha, bahník si vyhloubí ve vlhkém bahně komůrku, do které zaleze a otvor ucpe slizovým víčkem. Skrz toto víčko poté dýchá atmosférický kyslík. Je neuvěřitelné, že této rybě se vyvinuly orgány pro dýchání běžného vzduchu. Takto schovaný dokáže bahník vydržet až do období dešťů.[4]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. Bahník západoafrický na biolib.cz [online]. Dostupné online.
  3. Bahník západoafrický na vivarium.cz [online]. Dostupné online.
  4. KOLEKTIV AUTORŮ. Velký atlas živočichů jedinečný obraz života na zemi. 1. originální vydání 1973, české vydání 2005. vyd. [s.l.]: Příroda 208 s. ISBN 80-07-01395-4.

Externí odkazy

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Bahník západoafrický: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Bahník západoafrický (Protopterus annectens) je ryba z čeledi Protopteridae. Patří mezi dvojdyšné (Dipnoi). Tyto ryby se na naší planetě vyskytují velice dlouhou dobu a patří mezi tzv. živoucí zkameněliny.

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Westafrikanischer Lungenfisch ( German )

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Der Westafrikanische Lungenfisch (Protopterus annectens) kommt in Westafrika vom Senegal und Gambia bis zum Niger und nordöstlich bis zu den Quellgebieten der östlichen Nebenflüsse des Schari im westlichen Sudan vor. Nachgewiesen wurde er auch im Bandama und Comoé in der Elfenbeinküste und im Volta in Ghana.

Merkmale

Der Westafrikanische Lungenfisch erreicht eine Maximallänge von einem Meter und ein Maximalgewicht von 4 kg. Der Körper ist langgestreckt, vorne im Querschnitt rund und hinter den Brustflossen seitlich abgeflacht. Brust- und Bauchflossen sind zu fleischigen Fäden reduziert, wie bei allen nicht australischen Lungenfischen. Die langen Brustflossen, deren Basis von Fransen umgeben ist, können das Dreifache der Kopflänge erreichen. Die Bauchflossen erreichen das Doppelte der Kopflänge. Der Körper ist mit kleinen Rundschuppen bedeckt, die tief in die Haut eingelagert sind. 40 bis 50 zählt man in einer Längsreihe vom Kiemendeckel bis zum Anus, 36 bis 40 in einer Reihe rund um den Körper vor der Rückenflosse. Auch ausgewachsene Westafrikanische Lungenfische besitzen für gewöhnlich zwei bis drei kurze, fingerförmige externe Kiemenbüschel. Die Anzahl der Rippenpaare liegt bei 34 bis 37. Die Kopflänge liegt bei 8,5 bis 13 % der Standardlänge. Die Augen sind klein. Ihr Durchmesser liegt bei 6,6 bis 11 % der Kopflänge. Westafrikanische Lungenfische sind auf der Rückenseite olivfarben oder bräunlich gefärbt, die Körperseiten sind heller und mit unregelmäßigen Reihen dunkler Punkte gemustert. Der Bauch ist hell, in der Regel schmutzig gelblich und ohne Flecken. Auch die filamantösen, paarigen Flossen sind gefleckt. Die Kanäle des Seitenliniensystems sind dunkel von der Grundfärbung abgesetzt. Jungfische sind sehr dunkel, oft fast schwarz. Die Umfärbung zur helleren Körperfärbung der erwachsenen Fische setzt mit einer Länge von 16 bis 20 cm ein.

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Westafrikanischer Lungenfisch

Lebensweise

Westafrikanische Lungenfische leben in stark bewachsenen Altarmen von Flüssen und Strömen und in nah gelegenen, mit Wasserpflanzen bestandenen Sümpfen. Trocknen diese Gewässer während der Trockenzeit aus, überlebt er in einem selbstgeschaffenen Schleimkokon in der Erde vergraben bis zum Einsetzen der Regenzeit. Bleibt diese für ein Jahr aus, kann er auch länger als ein Jahr überdauern. Westafrikanische Lungenfische ernähren sich u. a. von kleineren Fischen, Fröschen und Weichtieren.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Westafrikanischer Lungenfisch: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Westafrikanische Lungenfisch (Protopterus annectens) kommt in Westafrika vom Senegal und Gambia bis zum Niger und nordöstlich bis zu den Quellgebieten der östlichen Nebenflüsse des Schari im westlichen Sudan vor. Nachgewiesen wurde er auch im Bandama und Comoé in der Elfenbeinküste und im Volta in Ghana.

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Gaiwa ( Hausa )

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Gaiwa (Protopterus annectens)

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West African lungfish

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The West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens), also known as the Tana lungfish or simply African lungfish, is a species of African lungfish.[1][5] It is found in a wide range of freshwater habitats in West and Middle Africa, as well as the northern half of Southern Africa.[1][5]

Description

Protopterus annectens has a prominent snout and small eyes. Its body is long and eel-like, about 9–15 times the length of the head. It has two pairs of long, filamentous fins. The pectoral fins have a basal fringe and are about three times the head length, while its pelvic fins are about twice the head length. In general, three external gills are inserted posterior to the gill slits and above the pectoral fins.

It has cycloid scales embedded in the skin. About 40–50 scales occur between the operculum and the anus, and 36–40 around the body before the origin of the dorsal fin. It has 34–37 pairs of ribs. The dorsal side is olive or brown in color and the ventral side is lighter, with great blackish or brownish spots on the body and fins except on its belly.[6] West African lungfish can grow up to 1 meter long (3.3 feet) and weigh up to 4 kilograms (90 pounds).[7]

Distribution

The West African lungfish is distributed throughout Africa.[8] It has two subspecies; P. a. annectens is found primarily in the basins of Sahel as well as Guinea and Sierra Leone whilst the other subspecies, P. a. brieni is known largely from the upper Congo River area and from the Zambezi of Mozambique.[8]

Habitat

Like other African lungfish, the West African lungfish is an obligate air breather and a freshwater-dwelling fish.[8] It is demersal, meaning that it lives primarily buried within riverbeds. Due to the dry season frequently drying the rivers and floodplains in which it lives, the West African lungfish can aestivate for up to a year; however the West African lungfish generally only aestivates between wet seasons.[8]

Diet

The Tana lungfish has a diet not unlike other lungfish, consisting of various mollusks, crabs, prawn, and small fish within its distribution.[8] It can also go for up to 3 1/2 years without any food intake whatsoever. During this time period it behaves much like an aestivating fish in that it buries itself in the mud and does not move until more favorable conditions occur.[8]

LepidosirenFord.jpg

References

  1. ^ a b c Diouf, K.; Snoeks, J.; Lalèyè, P.; Contreras MacBeath, T. (2020). "Protopterus annectens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T169408A135027770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T169408A135027770.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ ITIS.gov (Retrieved May 13, 2010.)
  3. ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Ceratodiformes – recent lungfishes". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  4. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Protopteridae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  5. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Protopterus annectens" in FishBase. April 2014 version.
  6. ^ "West African Lungfish | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants". animals.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  7. ^ "West African Lungfish". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Protopterus annectens summary page". FishBase. Archived from the original on 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2015-06-08.

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West African lungfish: Brief Summary

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The West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens), also known as the Tana lungfish or simply African lungfish, is a species of African lungfish. It is found in a wide range of freshwater habitats in West and Middle Africa, as well as the northern half of Southern Africa.

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Protopterus annectens ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Protopterus annectens es una especie de pez pulmonado hallado en África, del río Senegal, a los ríos Congo, Zambeze y Okavango.[3][4]

Características

Tiene una longitud aproximada de 120 cm de largo y color oliváceo. Puede caminar por el fondo de los ríos o de los pantanos, sirviéndose de sus filamentos pectorales y pelvianos. Cuando llega la estación seca cava un hoyo y en él se encierra después de haber segregado a su alrededor abundante mucosidad, cuya parte superficial se endurece en forma de costra. En este capullo protector pasa los largos meses del verano, viviendo en un estado semiletárgico, bañado en su propia mucosidad, y aspirando el oxígeno atmosférico por un pequeño agujero de su encierro. La duración de este período de estivación varía según los años, y llega a alcanzar, aproximadamente, de cuatro a seis meses. Los indígenas, que son muy aficionados a la carne de este pez, señalan fácilmente en el lecho de los ríos secos los terrones en cuyo interior los protópteros han elaborado su capullo.

Referencias

  1. Snoeks, J., Laleye, P. & Contreras-MacBeath, T. (2009). «Protopterus annectens». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2016.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 10 de enero de 2017.
  2. Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Protopterus annectens (TSN 649769)» (en inglés).
  3. EOL
  4. FishBase

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Protopterus annectens: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Protopterus annectens es una especie de pez pulmonado hallado en África, del río Senegal, a los ríos Congo, Zambeze y Okavango.​​

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Protopterus annectens ( Basque )

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Protopterus annectens Protopterus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Protopteridae familian sailkatzen da.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Protopterus annectens FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Protopterus annectens: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Protopterus annectens Protopterus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Protopteridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Protopterus annectens ( French )

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Protopterus annectens est une espèce de poissons osseux dipneuste africain.

L'étude de ce poisson capable d'estivation[1], et proche des premiers vertébrés à avoir pu respirer dans l'air a notamment permis de mettre en avant le phénomène de marche, ayant conduit à la conquête de la terre ferme par les premiers poissons munis de poumons : Protopterus annectens prend ainsi appui sur le substrat pour se déplacer, en activant soit simultanément, soit de manière alternative ses nageoires, voire en sautant[2].

Taille

Ce dipneuste africain adulte mesure au maximum 1 mètre de long.

Études

Des chercheurs danois ont récemment étudié cette espèce en raison de ses poumons qui lui permettent de respirer dans l'air, assez proches de ceux des premiers vertébrés terrestres, et parce que — comme les premiers animaux capables de marcher sur la terre — il n'a pas d'oreille moyenne[3].

Un dispositif expérimental a montré que via ses poumons, ce dipneuste perçoit des ondes de pression dans les fréquences supérieures à 200 Hz, ce qui pourrait être rendu possible par le fait que le système auditif du poisson s'accorde aux vibrations de l'air dans les poumons (démontré à 300 Hz, soit le niveau de sensibilité de l'audition du dipneuste[3]). D'autres tests faits avec des poissons dans l'air ont confirmé que ce poisson n'est pas tout à fait sourd dans l'air[3]. Le même groupe de chercheurs a montré que les salamandres qui ont des os d'oreille interne et une oreille interne primitive (sans tympan, à la différence des grenouilles ou crapauds), et « qui ont une configuration de l'oreille identique à celles trouvées chez certains des premiers fossiles d'animaux terrestres » peuvent entendre (sous l'eau : des fréquences supérieures à 120 Hz) via leur poumon, de manière plus efficace encore que le dipneuste[3].

Notes et références

  1. Janssens P.A (1964). The metabolism of the aestivating African lungfish. Comparative biochemistry and physiology, 11(1), 105-117
  2. La marche a commencé… sous l'eau, Pour la science, 21 décembre 2011
  3. a b c et d Brouillette, Monique (2015) Early land animals heard sounds with their lungs, Science Mag, Science ; 04 février 2015 ; DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7805

Voir aussi

Références taxonomiques

Bibliographie

  • Babiker, M. M. (1979). Respiratory behaviour, oxygen consumption and relative dependence on aerial respiration in the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens, owen) and an air-breathing teleost (Clarias lazera, C.). Hydrobiologia, 65(2), 177-187 (résumé).
  • Babiker, M. M., & Rankin, J. C. (1979). Renal and vascular effects of neurohypophysial hormones in the African lungfish Protopterus annectens (Owen). General and comparative endocrinology, 37(1), 26-34 (résumé).
  • Boisson, C., Mattei, C., & Mattei, X. (1967). Troisième note sur la spermiogenèse de Protopterus annectens (Dipneuste) du Sénégal. Bull Inst Fr Afr Noire, 29, 1097-1121.
  • Boisson, C. (1963). La spermiogenèse de Protopterus annectens (Dipneuste) du Sénégal étudiée au microscope optique et quelques détails au microscope électronique. Ann. Fac. Sc. Dakar, 10, 43-72.
  • Budgett, J. S. (1901). On the Breeding‐habits of some West‐African Fishes, with an Account of the External Features in Development of Protopterus annectens, and a Description of the Larva of Polypterus lapradei. The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 16(2), 115-136 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1901.tb00028.x/abstract résumé]).
  • Champy C & Louvel J (1940) Recherches sur l'hématopoïèse chez le" Protopterus annectens". Masson.
  • Clairambault P & Capanna E (1973) Suggestions for a revision of the cytoarchitectonics of the telencephalon of Protopterus, Protopterus annectens (Owen). Italian Journal of Zoology, 40(2), 149-171.
  • Dean F.D & Jones I?C (1959) Sex steroids in the lungfish (Protopterus annectens Owen). Journal of Endocrinology, 18(4), 366-371.
  • Derivot, J. H. (1984). Functional anatomy of the peripheral olfactory system of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens Owen: macroscopic, microscopic, and morphometric aspects. American journal of anatomy, 169(2), 177-192 (résumé).
  • Fulliquet, G. (1886). Recherches sur le cerveau du Protopterus annectens. C. Schuchardt.
  • Gabe, M. (1969). Données histologiques sur le pancréas endocrine de Protopterus annectens Owen. Arch. Anat. Microscop. Morphol. Expl, 58, 21-40.
  • Godet, R., & Dupé, M. (1965, January). Quelques aspects des relations neuro-endocriniennes chez Protopterus annectens (Poisson Dipneuste). In Archives d'anatomie microscopique et morphologique expérimentale (Vol. 54, No. 1, p. 319). 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, France, Masson Ed.
  • Horner, A. M., & Jayne, B. C. (2008). The effects of viscosity on the axial motor pattern and kinematics of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) during lateral undulatory swimming. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(10), 1612-1622.
  • Janssens P.A (1964). The metabolism of the aestivating African lungfish. Comparative biochemistry and physiology, 11(1), 105-117.
  • Johnels, A. G., & Svensson, G. S. O. (1954). On the biology of Protopterus annectens (Owen). Ark Zool, 7, 131-164.
  • King, J. A., Millar, R. P., Vallarino, M., & Pierantoni, R. (1995). Localization and characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the brain, gonads, and plasma of a dipnoi (lungfish, Protopterus annectens). Regulatory peptides, 57(2), 163-174 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167011595000257 résumé]).
  • Kitzan, S. M., & Sweeny, P. R. (1968). A light and electron microscope study of the structure of Protopterus annectens epidermis. I. Mucus production. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 46(4), 767-772 (résumé).
  • Lee, J., Lecaude, S., Danielson, P., Sollars, C., Alrubaian, J., Propper, C. R., ... & Dores, R. M. (1999). Cloning of proopiomelanocortin from the brain of the african lungfish, Protopterus annectens, and the brain of the western spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicatus. Neuroendocrinology, 70(1), 43-54 (résumé).
  • Loong, A. M., Hiong, K. C., Lee, S. M. L., Wong, W. P., Chew, S. F., & Ip, Y. K. (2005). Ornithine‐urea cycle and urea synthesis in African lungfishes, Protopterus aethiopicus and Protopterus annectens, exposed to terrestrial conditions for six days. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology, 303(5), 354-365 (résumé).
  • Loong, A. M., Pang, C. Y., Hiong, K. C., Wong, W. P., Chew, S. F., & Ip, Y. K. (2008). Increased urea synthesis and/or suppressed ammonia production in the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, during aestivation in air or mud. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 178(3), 351-363 (résumé).
  • Parker, W. N. (1890). On the Anatomy and Physiology of Protopterus annectens. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 49(296-301), 549-554 (PDF, 6 p).
  • Reiner, A., & Northcutt, R. G. (1987). An immunohistochemical study of the telencephalon of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 256(3), 463-481.
  • Sturla, M., Masini, M. A., Prato, P., Grattarola, C., & Uva, B. (2001). Mitochondria-rich cells in gills and skin of an African lungfish, Protopterus annectens. Cell and tissue research, 303(3), 351-358 (résumé).
  • Sturla, M., Paola, P., Carlo, G., Angela, M. M., & Maria, U. B. (2002). Effects of induced aestivation in Protopterus annectens: a histomorphological study. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 292(1), 26-31 (résumé).
  • Vallarino, M., Trabucchi, M., Masini, M. A., Chartrel, N., & Vaudry, H. (1997). Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin and autoradiographic distribution of somatostatin binding sites in the brain of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 388(3), 337-353 (résumé).
  • Vallarino, M., Tranchand‐Bunel, D., Thoumas, J. L., Masini, M. A., Conlon, J. M., Fournier, A., ... & Vaudry, H. (1995) Neuropeptide tyrosine in the brain of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens: immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 356(4), 537-551 (résumé).
  • Vallarino, M., Bunel, D. T., & Vaudry, H. (1992). Alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) in the brain of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens: Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 322(2), 266-274 (résumé).
  • Wingstrand, K. G. (1956). The structure of the pituitary in the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen). Vidensk Medd Dansk Natur Foren Kbh, 118, 193-209.b
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Protopterus annectens: Brief Summary ( French )

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Protopterus annectens est une espèce de poissons osseux dipneuste africain.

L'étude de ce poisson capable d'estivation, et proche des premiers vertébrés à avoir pu respirer dans l'air a notamment permis de mettre en avant le phénomène de marche, ayant conduit à la conquête de la terre ferme par les premiers poissons munis de poumons : Protopterus annectens prend ainsi appui sur le substrat pour se déplacer, en activant soit simultanément, soit de manière alternative ses nageoires, voire en sautant.

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West-Afrikaanse longvis ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De West-Afrikaanse longvis (Protopterus annectens) is een vissensoort die behoort tot de groep van de Kwastvinnigen (Sarcopterygii). De naam werd voor het eerst gepubliceerd in 1839 door Owen als Lepidosiren annectens.

Kenmerken

De soort kan dankzij de goed ontwikkelde long op het land in leven blijven. De vinnen van deze longvis zijn vrij lang en breekbaar en niet geschikt om het lichaam op het land te dragen. Enkele van de vroege luchtinademende vissen, die nu alleen bekend zijn van fossiele skeletten, waren in dit opzicht veel beter uitgerust. Hun lichaamslengte bedraagt maximaal 200 cm en het gewicht tot 10 kg.

Leefwijze

Deze carnivore longvissen zijn geen echte jagers, maar besluipen hun prooien meestal. Bij het aanbreken van de droge tijd begraven ze zich in de modder, waarna ze zich bedekken met een slijmcocon.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt algemeen voor in West- en Midden-Afrika.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
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West-Afrikaanse longvis: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De West-Afrikaanse longvis (Protopterus annectens) is een vissensoort die behoort tot de groep van de Kwastvinnigen (Sarcopterygii). De naam werd voor het eerst gepubliceerd in 1839 door Owen als Lepidosiren annectens.

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Prapłetwiec brunatny ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Prapłetwiec brunatny[2], prapłetwiec[3], skrzelec[3] (Protopterus annectens) – gatunek ryby mięśniopłetwej z rodziny prapłetwcowatych (Protopteridae). Hodowana w akwariach publicznych.

Cechy charakterystyczne

Charakteryzuje się wydłużonym ciałem pokrytym łuską cykloidalną. Płetwy wiotkie, nie mają promieni. Długość ciała do 100 cm, masa do 4 kg. Żyje w rozlewiskach rzecznych środkowej Afryki. Porę suchą spędza w wydrążonej przez siebie pionowej norze, na końcu której wytwarza ochronny kokon z zaschniętego śluzu. W stanie estywacji może pozostawać kilka lat.

Gatunek pokrewny, prapłetwiec abisyński (Protopterus aethiopicus), osiąga długość 2 metrów.

Podgatunki

Wyróżniane są dwa podgatunki:

  • Protopterus annectens annectens
  • Protopterus annectens brieni

Przypisy

  1. Protopterus annectens, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Eugeniusz Grabda, Tomasz Heese: Polskie nazewnictwo popularne krągłouste i ryby - Cyclostomata et Pisces. Koszalin: Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie, 1991.
  3. a b Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973

Bibliografia

  1. Protopterus annectens annectens. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 11 lutego 2009]
  2. Ryby: encyklopedia zwierząt. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN: Dorota Szatańska, 2007. ISBN 978-83-01-15140-9.
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Prapłetwiec brunatny: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Prapłetwiec brunatny, prapłetwiec, skrzelec (Protopterus annectens) – gatunek ryby mięśniopłetwej z rodziny prapłetwcowatych (Protopteridae). Hodowana w akwariach publicznych.

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Protopterus annectens ( Portuguese )

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Protopterus annectens é o nome científico do peixe pulmonado africano.[1] A espécie possui duas subespécies descritas:

  • Protopterus annectens annenctens
  • Protopterus annectens brieni

Referências

  1. a b Diouf, K., Snoeks, J., Lalèyè, P. & Contreras MacBeath, T. (2020). Protopterus annectens (em inglês). IUCN 2020. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2020 Versão e.T169408A135027770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T169408A135027770.en Página visitada em 28 de outubro de 2021.

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Protopterus annectens: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Protopterus annectens é o nome científico do peixe pulmonado africano. A espécie possui duas subespécies descritas:

Protopterus annectens annenctens Protopterus annectens brieni
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Bahník západoafrický ( Slovak )

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 src=
Bahník západoafrický

Bahník západoafrický (lat. Protopterus annectens) je ryba z čeľade Protopteridae. Patrí medzi dvojdyšníkov (Dipnoi). Tieto ryby sa na Zemi vyskytujú veľmi dlho a patria medzi tzv. živé skameneliny.

Je ľahko zameniteľný s bahníkom východoafrickým. Je veľkým obrancom svojho potomstva. Napadne aj väčšieho predátora ako je on sám. V období sucha sa zatvára do bahnistého kokónu na dne vyschnutého jazera a čaká, kým sa jazero opäť naplní.

Iné projekty


Butterfly template.png Tento článok týkajúci sa biológie je zatiaľ „výhonok“. Pomôž Wikipédii tým, že ho doplníš a rozšíriš.
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Bahník západoafrický: Brief Summary ( Slovak )

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 src= Bahník západoafrický

Bahník západoafrický (lat. Protopterus annectens) je ryba z čeľade Protopteridae. Patrí medzi dvojdyšníkov (Dipnoi). Tieto ryby sa na Zemi vyskytujú veľmi dlho a patria medzi tzv. živé skameneliny.

Je ľahko zameniteľný s bahníkom východoafrickým. Je veľkým obrancom svojho potomstva. Napadne aj väčšieho predátora ako je on sám. V období sucha sa zatvára do bahnistého kokónu na dne vyschnutého jazera a čaká, kým sa jazero opäť naplní.

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Protopterus annectens ( Ukrainian )

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LepidosirenFord.jpg

Примітки


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Protopterus annectens: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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LepidosirenFord.jpg
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Cá phổi Tây Phi ( Vietnamese )

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Cá phổi Tây Phi, tên khoa học Protopterus annectens, là một loài cá phổi được tìm thấy tại Tây Phi.[3][4] Nó đôi khi được gọi là Cá phổi Tana.[5]

Mô tả

Cá phổi Tây Phi có mũi nổi bật và mắt nhỏ. Cơ thể của nó dài và giống cá chình. Nó có hai cặp vây sợi dài. Các vây ngực có một rìa đáy và dài khoảng ba lần chiều dài đầu, trong khi nó vây chậu khoảng hai lần chiều dài đầu. Nói chung, ba mang ngoài được chèn vào phía sau của khe mang và vây ngực.

Nó có vảy tam giác. Có 40-50 vảy giữa nắp mang và hậu môn và 36-40 xung quanh cơ thể trước gốc của vây lưng. Nó có 34-37 cặp xương sườn. Lưng bên màu ô liu hoặc màu nâu và bụng thì nhạt hơn, với những đốm đen hoặc nâu lớn trên thân và vây, ngoại trừ trên bụng của nó.[6] Chúng đạt được một chiều dài khoảng 100 cm trong tự nhiên.[7]

Phân loài

  • P. a. annectens (Owen, 1839)
  • P. a. brieni Poll, 1961

Chú thích

  1. ^ Snoeks, J., Laleye, P. & Contreras-MacBeath, T. (2007). Protopterus annectens. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2010. P. annectens has been assessed as Least Concern because it has a very large range, and there are no known widespread threats to the species.
  2. ^ ITIS.gov (Retrieved ngày 13 tháng 5 năm 2010.)
  3. ^ EOL.org (Retrieved ngày 13 tháng 5 năm 2010.)
  4. ^ Fishbase.org (Retrieved ngày 13 tháng 5 năm 2010.)
  5. ^ “Protopterus annectens summary page”. FishBase. Truy cập 26 tháng 10 năm 2015.
  6. ^ EOL.org
  7. ^ Primitivefishes.com (Retrieved ngày 13 tháng 5 năm 2010.)

Tham khảo

LepidosirenFord.jpg
 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cá phổi Tây Phi  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cá phổi Tây Phi

Liên kết ngoài

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Cá phổi Tây Phi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cá phổi Tây Phi, tên khoa học Protopterus annectens, là một loài cá phổi được tìm thấy tại Tây Phi. Nó đôi khi được gọi là Cá phổi Tana.

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非洲肺魚 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Protopterus annectens
Owen, 1839[2] 亚种
  • Protopterus annectens annectens (Owen, 1839)
  • Protopterus annectens brieni Poll, 1961

非洲肺魚學名Protopterus annectens),又稱鈍吻肺魚原鰭魚虎斑肺魚,是非洲肺魚屬的一魚類。[3]

分佈

本魚分佈於非洲西部及中部的溪流或湖泊,為分布最廣的一種。它有兩個亞種,P. a. annectens分佈于薩赫勒地區及幾內亞塞拉利昂P. a. brieni 分佈于剛果河上游及莫桑比克贊比西河流域。[4]

特徵

 src=
非洲肺魚

原鰭魚的吻突出,眼睛細小。身體如鰻魚般,長度是頭部直徑的9至15倍。它們有一對很長及呈絲狀的。胸鰭及臀鰭的長度分別是頭部的3倍及2倍。在胸鰭上及鰭裂後有3個外。它們有34至37對肋骨皮膚上有擺線狀的鱗片。它們的背部呈橄欖色或褐色,腹部較為淺色,背部及鰭上有黑色或褐色的大斑點。[3] 野生的原鰭魚長約1米。[5]

生態

本魚棲息在湖沼地及水草叢生的河流,三角洲地帶,當旱季來臨時,會作繭夏眠‧屬肉食性,領域性強,性情暴躁,雨季為其繁殖期,卵由雄魚負責守護。

經濟利用

在當地為食用魚,另可做為觀賞魚。

參考

外部連結

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非洲肺魚: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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非洲肺魚(學名:Protopterus annectens),又稱鈍吻肺魚、 原鰭魚、虎斑肺魚,是非洲肺魚屬的一魚類。

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서아프리카폐어 ( Korean )

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서아프리카폐어(Protopterus annectens)는 아프리카폐어과에 속하는 폐어류의 일종이다.[1][3] 서아프리카중앙아프리카 그리고 남아프리카 북쪽 절반 윗쪽의 민물 서식지에 널리 분포한다.[1][3]

각주

  1. “Protopterus annectens”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2007. 2010년 7월 16일에 확인함. P. annectens has been assessed as Least Concern because it has a very large range, and there are no known widespread threats to the species.
  2. ITIS.gov (Retrieved May 13, 2010.)
  3. (영어) Froese, Rainer; Daniel Pauly, eds. (2014) "Protopterus annectens". 피시베이스. 2014년 4월 판.
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