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Catathelasma

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Catathelasma is a genus of fungi in the family Biannulariaceae.[1] Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid, with a conspicuous veil (leaving a double ring on the stem), adnate to decurrent lamellae, and amyloid basidiospores. The genus is separated on DNA characteristics as well as morphology. Species are known from North America, Europe, and Asia and are ectomycorrhizal, forming an association with the living roots of trees.[1][2]

Taxonomy

The genus Catathelasma was originally described in 1910 by American botanist and mycologist Ruth Ellen Harrison Lovejoy with C. evanescens as the type species.

in 1922 the Austrian botanist Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau referred the European species Armillaria imperialis to his new genus Biannularia. For a time Catathelasma and Biannularia were regarded as separate (though closely related) genera, as for instance in a 1936 paper by Rolf Singer.[3] Later Singer united the genera[4] using Lovejoy's earlier name. Recent DNA research confirms this synonymy.[1]

Etymology

Lovejoy's original description states that:[5]

"The ring and volva, together with the very decided decurrent gills (upon which character the generic name is based), are telling characteristics of this genus."

According to Genaust's etymological dictionary of botanical names, "Catathelasma" comes from Ancient Greek words "kata" (κατά - downwards) and "thelasma" (θήλασμα - meaning "the act of suckling"). He says that the reason for this construction is unclear, but suggests that the author is comparing the shape made by the gills running down the stem with a teat stretched out during suckling.[6] "Decurrent" means "running down the stem" and another possible connection with Lovejoy's description is that "katatheo" (καταθέω) means "I run down".[7] However it is difficult to see how that could logically give rise to the noun "Catathelasma".

Description

Catathelasma species are stocky, Tricholoma-like fungi, with adnate to decurrent lamellae (gills), a double veil (giving the stipe two rings), a stipe that is tapered to the base and rooting (often buried), and a mealy smell. At the microscopic level they have oblong to cylindrical, amyloid spores, a bilateral gill trama, and hyphae with clamp connections.[1]

Habitat and distribution

Species are ectomycorrhizal, growing on the ground under conifers. They are known from continental Europe, North and Central America, and Asia.[1][2]

Edibility

Some species of Catathelasma are edible and are collected for food in China, Guatemala, and Russia.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Vizzini A, Consiglio G, Marchetti M (2020). "Insights into the Tricholomatineae (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes): a new arrangement of Biannulariaceae and Callistosporium, Callistosporiaceae fam. nov., Xerophorus stat. nov., and Pleurocollybia incorporated into Callistosporium". Fungal Diversity. 101: 211–259. doi:10.1007/s13225-020-00441-x.
  2. ^ a b Ge, Zai-Wei; Wu, Jian-Yun; Hao, Yan-Jia; Zhang, Qingying; An, Yi-Feng; Ryberg, Martin (2020). "The genus Catathelasma (Catathelasmataceae, Basidiomycota) in China". MycoKeys. 62: 123–138. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.62.36633. PMC 7010842. PMID 32076385.
  3. ^ Rolf Singer (1936). "Das System der Agaricales". Annales Mycologici (in German). 34 (4–5): 317.
  4. ^ Singer R. (1940). "Notes sur quelques Basidiomycètes". Revue de Mycologie (in French). 5: 3–13.
  5. ^ Ruth Harrison Lovejoy (1910). "Some New Saprophytic Fungi of the Middle Rocky Mountain Region". The Botanical Gazette. 50 (5): 383. doi:10.1086/330381. S2CID 84938989. The text can be found on-line at [1].
  6. ^ Helmut Genaust (1996). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen (in German). Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage. p. 134., which may be seen on-line through Google books at [2]. Genaust says "Benennungsmotiv unklar: wahrscheinl. werden die bis auf den Stiel herablaufenden, schmützig-weiß bis blaß-gelblichen Lamellen mit dem Bild einer beim Saugen gestreckten Milchzitze verglichen" - in English "Motive for the naming unclear: probably the dirty white to pale yellowish gills which run down onto the stem are being compared to the image of a teat being stretched out during suckling".
  7. ^ Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott (1996). An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-864226-1. See the Perseus Project entry at [3].
  8. ^ Boa ER. (2004). Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People. Food & Agriculture Organization. p. 138. ISBN 978-92-5-105157-3.
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Catathelasma: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Catathelasma is a genus of fungi in the family Biannulariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid, with a conspicuous veil (leaving a double ring on the stem), adnate to decurrent lamellae, and amyloid basidiospores. The genus is separated on DNA characteristics as well as morphology. Species are known from North America, Europe, and Asia and are ectomycorrhizal, forming an association with the living roots of trees.

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Catathelasma ( French )

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Catathelasma est un genre de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des tricholomatacées.

Le nom est tiré du grec kata, "en dessous", et thelasmos, "allaitement"[1].

Il s'agit de champignons à chair ferme et épaisse, portant un anneau et pouvant être volumineux, notamment Catathelasma imperiale, la seule espèce européenne. Ils ont jadis été classés dans les agarics, les biannulaires et les armillaires, dont ils sont les plus proches.

Le genre ne comprend que quatre espèces :

Sources

Notes et références

  1. Cette étymologie est surprenante pour un genre dont aucune espèce n'exsude de latex ni un quelconque liquide. On en trouve l'explication dans le Sylloge fungorum de Pier Andrea Saccardo (1912) : l"allaitement", ce sont les lames et "en dessous" se réfère au fait qu'elles sont nettement décurrentes : « ...etym. ex lamellis distincte decurrentibus ».
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Catathelasma: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Catathelasma est un genre de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des tricholomatacées.

Le nom est tiré du grec kata, "en dessous", et thelasmos, "allaitement".

Il s'agit de champignons à chair ferme et épaisse, portant un anneau et pouvant être volumineux, notamment Catathelasma imperiale, la seule espèce européenne. Ils ont jadis été classés dans les agarics, les biannulaires et les armillaires, dont ils sont les plus proches.

Le genre ne comprend que quatre espèces :

Catathelasma evanescens, qui est l'espèce-type Catathelasma imperiale, (Pilzverein der Region Baden : illustration) Catathelasma singeri Catathelasma ventricosum
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Catathelasma ( Polish )

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Catathelasma Lovejoy (dwupierścieniak) – rodzaj grzybów z rodziny gąskowatych (Tricholomataceae)[1].

Systematyka i nazewnictwo

Pozycja w klasyfikacji: Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi (według Index Fungorum)[1].

Nazwę polską podali Barbara Gumińska i Władysław Wojewoda w 1968 r., w polskim piśmiennictwie mykologicznym należące do tego rodzaju gatunki opisywane były także jako czop i klejówka[2]. Synonim naukowy: Biannularia Beck[3].

Gatunki występujące w Polsce

Wykaz gatunków (nazwy naukowe) na podstawie Index Fungorum[4]. Nazwy polskie według W. Wojewody.

Przypisy

  1. a b Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2014-02-10].
  2. Władysław Wojewoda: Checklist of Polish Larger Basidiomycetes. Krytyczna lista wielkoowocnikowych grzybów podstawkowych Polski. Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2003. ISBN 83-89648-09-1.
  3. Species Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2014-01-03].
  4. Index Fungorum (gatunki) (ang.). [dostęp 2013-03-05].
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Catathelasma: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Catathelasma Lovejoy (dwupierścieniak) – rodzaj grzybów z rodziny gąskowatych (Tricholomataceae).

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Catathelasma ( Portuguese )

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Catathelasma é um gênero de fungo pertencente à família Tricholomataceae.[1] O gênero contém quatro espécies, nenhuma das quais é comum.

Descrição

Todas as quatro espécies de Catathelasma são encontradas na América do Norte, mas apenas uma (C. imperiale) é conhecida na Europa. Elas são espécies de fungos semelhantes à Tricholoma razoavelmente maciços, mas distinguem-se desse gênero porque os membros têm guelras decorrentes e, no nível microscópico, porque eles têm esporos de amiloide e uma trama de guelra bilateral.[2] Os membros são micorrízicos, crescem no chão sob as coníferas, têm uma consistência dura, e suas hastes afunilam em direção ao fundo e muitas vezes são parcialmente enterrados no solo. Eles têm remanescentes de véu proeminentes (dois anéis, ou um anel e uma volva).

Todos os membros tendem a ser encontrados nas montanhas. Na Europa, a espécie única varia em frequência de "muito rara" a "rara".[3][4][5]

História e nomeação

O gênero Catathelasma foi definido por Ruth Ellen Harrison Lovejoy em 1910 com base nas holótipo C. evanescens, que ela descreveu como uma nova espécie ao mesmo tempo. Em sua descrição, ela diz:[6]

De acordo com o dicionário etimológico de nomes botânicos de Genaust, "Catathelasma" vem do grego antigo, com as palavras "kata" (κατά - para baixo) e "thelasma" (θήλασμα - que significa "o ato de amamentar"). Ele diz que a razão para essa construção não é clara, mas sugere que o autor está comparando a forma feita pelas guelras, que correm pelo tronco como um seio esticado durante a sucção.[7] "Decurrent" significa "atropelar o caule" e outra possível conexão com a descrição de Lovejoy é que "katatheo" (καταθέω) significa "eu corro".[8] No entanto, é difícil perceber como isso poderia logicamente dar origem ao substantivo.

A história anterior deste grupo de cogumelos ocorreu na Europa. A única espécie européia do gênero foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1845 por Fries sob o nome de Agaricus imperialis. Em 1872, Quélet classificou-o dentro de Armillaria e, em 1922, o botânico austríaco Günther von Mannagetta und Lërchenau Beck inventou para esta única espécie o gênero Biannularia, um nome que ainda é encontrado na literatura. Por um tempo Catathelasma e Biannularia foram considerados como gêneros separados, embora intimamente relacionados, como por exemplo em um artigo de Rolf Singer, em 1936.[9] Posteriormente, Singer uniu os gêneros usando o nome de Lovejoy.[10]

Referências

  1. «Catathelasma». INaturalist (em inglês). Consultado em 14 de junho de 2020
  2. Shubhrata R. Mishra (2005). Morphology of Fungi. Nova Déli: Discovery Publishing House. p. 126
  3. Kuo, M. (2006, October). Catathelasma. See the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/catathelasma.html.
  4. Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. (1994). Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe. [S.l.]: Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 208. ISBN 2-603-00953-2
  5. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi 10.ª ed. Wallingford, Reino Unido: CABI. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8
  6. Ruth Harrison Lovejoy (1910). «Some New Saprophytic Fungi of the Middle Rocky Mountain Region». The Botanical Gazette. 50: 383 O texto pode ser encontrado online em: [1].
  7. Helmut Genaust (1996). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen (em alemão). [S.l.]: Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage. p. 134, which may be seen on-line through Google books at [2]. Genaust disse:
    "Motivo para a nomenclatura não esclarecida: provavelmente as pálidas guelras sujas a amareladas que descem sobre o caule estão sendo comparadas à imagem de um seio sendo esticado durante a sucção"
    Original {{{{{língua}}}}}: "Benennungsmotiv unklar: wahrscheinl. werden die bis auf den Stiel herablaufenden, schmützig-weiß bis blaß-gelblichen Lamellen mit dem Bild einer beim Saugen gestreckten Milchzitze verglichen"
.
  • Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-864226-1
  • Rolf Singer (1936). «Das System der Agaricales». Annales Mycologici (em alemão). 34 (4-5): 317
  • Singer R. (1940). «Notes sur quelques Basidiomycètes». Revue de Mycologie (em francês). 5: 3–13
  • Ver também

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    wikipedia PT

    Catathelasma: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Catathelasma é um gênero de fungo pertencente à família Tricholomataceae. O gênero contém quatro espécies, nenhuma das quais é comum.

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    Catathelasma ( Vietnamese )

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    Catathelasma là một chi của nấm thuộc Tricholomataceae. Chi này gồm 4 species are widespread ở miền bắc vùng temperate.[1]

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    Tham khảo

    1. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (ấn bản 10). Wallingford, UK: CABI. tr. 120. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

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    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến bộ nấm Agaricales này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Catathelasma: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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    Catathelasma là một chi của nấm thuộc Tricholomataceae. Chi này gồm 4 species are widespread ở miền bắc vùng temperate.

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