葉鬚蟲目（學名：Phyllodocida）是多毛綱足刺亞綱之下一個目[2]。這些物種主要在海洋生活，而有少量生活於鹹淡水交界處。本目物種大多數是活躍的底棲生物，在沉積物的表面上移動或在當中挖洞，又或居住在基岩的裂縫和縫隙中。當中有部分物種會建造棲管，又有部分是浮游生物。據估計，約有3500種物種[3]。
特徵
葉鬚蟲目是有體節物種，身長從數毫米到超過一米不等。每個體節均有一對槳似的疣足。口前葉一般有一對到兩對眼睛，背部有一對觸角，a ventral pair of sensory palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment. There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged dorsal and ventral cirri (fine appendages) and reduced parapodial lobes and chaetae (bristles). Some species have appendages with specialised functions but most have many segments that are similar to each other but which vary in size and shape along the length of the body without abrupt changes in the chaetae and parapodia from one to the next.[3]
食性
本目物種一般皆為捕食性動物或腐食性動物[4]。
支序分類關係
本目的三個主要子群體為：鱗沙蠶亞目（Aphroditiformia）、吻沙蠶亞目（Glyceriformia）及沙蠶亞目（Nereidiformia）：
- 鱗沙蠶亞目的特色為其物種每隔一個體節會長有鞘質的背鱗（elytrae或scales）；
- The Glyceriformia are characterised by the presence of unique cone-shaped and ringed prostomiums.
- The Nereidiformia are more problematic, having no universally distinguishing common features.
There is agreement on the monophyly of a group including the Hesionidae, Nereididae and Chrysopetalidae families but opinions differ about Pilargidae, and molecular and morphological studies continue.[5][6][7]
分類
葉鬚蟲目原為足刺目之下的一個亞目。後來足刺目升格成為足刺亞綱，其下的葉鬚蟲亞目亦升格成為葉鬚蟲目。以下為本目所包含的四個亞目及再之下的各個科[2][8]：
鱗沙蠶亞目 Aphroditiformia
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鱗沙蠶總科 Aphroditoidea
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Acoetidae Kinberg, 1856
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鳞沙蚕科 Aphroditidae Malmgren, 1867
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Eulepethidae Chamberlin, 1919
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Pholoidae Kinberg, 1858
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多鱗蟲科 Polynoidae Malmgren, 1867
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Sigalionidae Malmgren, 1867
- Superfamily Chrysopetalacea
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Chrysopetalidae Ehlers, 1864
- Superfamily Pisionacea
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Pisionidae Southern, 1914
吻沙蠶亞目 Glyceriformia
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吻沙蚕科 Glyceridae Grube, 1850
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Goniadidae Kinberg, 1866
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Lacydoniidae Bergström, 1914
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Paralacydoniidae Pettibone, 1963
沙蠶亞目 Nereidiformia
- Antonbruuniidae
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海女蟲科 Hesionidae Grube, 1850
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沙蠶科 Nereididae Johnston, 1865
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Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899
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裂蟲科 Syllidae Grube, 1850
葉鬚蟲亞目 Phyllodociformia
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眼蚕科 Alciopidae Ehlers, 1864
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盘首蚕科 Lopadorhynchidae Claparede, 1868
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葉鬚蟲科 Phyllodocidae Oersted, 1843
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Pontodoridae Bergström, 1914
亞目地位未定[9]
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Ichthyotomidae Eisig, 1906
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Iospilidae Bergström, 1914
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Nephtyidae Grube, 1850
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Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867
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浮蚕科 Tomopteridae Grube, 1850
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Typhloscolecidae Uljanin, 1878
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Yndolaciidae Støp-Bowitz, 1987
地位未定
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Nautiliniellidae Miura and Laubier, 1990
參考資料
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^ Dales, R.P. The polychaete stomodeum and the inter-relationships of the families of Polychaeta.. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1962, 139 (3): 389–428 （英语）.
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^ 2.0 2.1 WoRMS. Phyllodocida. World Register of Marine Species. [2016-02-25].
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^ 3.0 3.1 Tree of Life Web Project
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^ 《網絡生命大百科》上的葉鬚蟲目
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^ Glasby, C.J. Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebr. Taxon. 1993, 7: 1551–1573 （英语）.
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^ Pleijel, F.; Dahlgren, T.G. Position and delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta, Phyllodocida). Cladistics. 1998, 14: 129–150 （英语）.
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^ Dahlgren, T.G.; Lundberg, J.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. Morphological and molecular evidence of the phylogeny of Nereidiform polychaetes (Annelida). J. zool. Syst. evol. Res. 2000, 38: 249–253 （英语）.
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^ Phyllodocida. Integrated Taxonomic Information System （英语）.
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^ WoRMS. Phyllodocida incertae sedis. World Register of Marine Species. [2016-02-25].
