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Trypoxylon Latreille 1796

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Brief Summary

provided by Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Sandhouse (1940) is the most reliable source for identification of North American species for Richards (1934) does not include all of our species. The revisions cited below include the species of both Trypoxylon and Trypargilum which are considered herein to be separate genera. ~Most species of Trypoxylon nest in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems or twigs, abandoned beetle borings in dead wood or structural timber, or, rarely, in soil. The Species Group Fabricator is unusual in that some species build free mud cells whereas others nest in pre-existing cavities in wood or soil. The preferred prey of the North American species are small spiders, usually immatures, belonging to several families of snare-builders, but errant spiders are used occasionally; as few as 4 and as many as 20 spiders may be stored in a single cell. Trypoxylon males do not participate in some of the nesting activities as do those belonging to Trypargilum; there is one report of a male usually being present in the nest of an extralimital species of the Fabricator Group, but this needs confirmation. The cocoons of our North American species are delicate silken structures except in johnsoni which constructs a brittle cocoon incorporating sand from the cell partition.
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Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. 1979. Prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein and Paul D. Hurd, Jr., Smithsonian Institution, and David R. Smith and B. D. Burks, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Insect Identification and Beneficial Insect Introduction Institute. Science and Education Administration, United States Department of Agriculture.
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Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico

Trypoxylon

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Trypoxylon collinum pupa

Trypoxylon is a genus of wasps in the family Crabronidae. All Trypoxylon species that have been studied so far are active hunters of spiders, which they paralyse with a venomous sting, to provide as food to their developing larvae.[1][2] Depending on the species, they will either construct their own nest from mud or find cavities that already exist.[3] These cavities can range from keyholes to nail holes to previously abandoned nests, and are generally sealed with mud to create cells for their larvae.

Worldwide distribution

The 634 species in this most speciose genus are found worldwide being represented in the Palearctic, Nearctic, Afrotropic (largest number of species in the Old World), Neotropic (highest number of species), Australasia (poorly represented) and Indomalayan realm. [4]

Selected species

Source[5][6]

Bibliography

  • Bohart, R. M. & Menke, A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision. — Berkeley: Univ. California Press. — ix. 695 pp.
  • Tsuneki, K. 1977. Some Trypoxylon species from the southwestern Pacific (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 6: 20 pp.
  • Tsuneki, K. 1978. Studies on the genus Trypoxylon Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) I. Group of Trypoxylon scutatum Chevrier with some species from Madagascar and the adjacent islands. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 7: 87 pp.
  • Tsuneki, K. 1979. Studies on the genus Trypoxylon Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). III. Species from the Indian subcontinent including southeast Asia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 9: 178 pp.
  • Tsuneki, K. 1981. Studies on the genus Trypoxylon Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera Sphecidae) VIII. Species from New Guinea and South Pacific Islands. IX. Species from Australia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 14: 106 pp.

See also

References

  1. ^ Camillo, Evandro; Brescovit, Antonio D. (June 1999). "Aspectos biológicos de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure e Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi Kohl (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) em ninhos-armadilhas, com especial referência a suas presas". Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. 28 (2): 251–265. doi:10.1590/S0301-80591999000200008. ISSN 0301-8059.
  2. ^ Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson; Solis, Daniel Russ; Rossi, Mônica Lanzoni; Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado; Brescovit, Antonio Domingos (2012-03-30). "The larval morphology and nest habits of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi Kohl 1884 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)". Zootaxa. 3251 (1): 47. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3251.1.3. hdl:11449/733. ISSN 1175-5334.
  3. ^ Journal of Hymenoptera Research
  4. ^ California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity pdf
  5. ^ Fauna Europaea
  6. ^ Catalogue of life
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Trypoxylon: Brief Summary

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Trypoxylon collinum pupa Trypoxylon collinum adult

Trypoxylon is a genus of wasps in the family Crabronidae. All Trypoxylon species that have been studied so far are active hunters of spiders, which they paralyse with a venomous sting, to provide as food to their developing larvae. Depending on the species, they will either construct their own nest from mud or find cavities that already exist. These cavities can range from keyholes to nail holes to previously abandoned nests, and are generally sealed with mud to create cells for their larvae.

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