Comments
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In Pakistan found in Sind, at the mouth of the river Indus, along less brackish tidal creeks and in mangrove swamps. Recorded by Stewart (l.c) as having been collected by Hasan and by Murray, but I have not seen any material.
The ephemeral flowers bloom by night and have an offensive smell. The leaves, usually borne horizontally, become vertical during heavy rains (Beccari, Nelle for di Borneo 140,1902). Young berries with a sour taste are eaten; ripe fruit is medicinally used as a poultice in swellings and sprains; fermented juice is used for stopping haemorrhages; the wood makes poor fuel; the pneumatophores, when boiled in water, give a poor quality cork.
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Description
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Trees 5-15 (-20) m tall, with pendulous branches. Leaves sub-petiolate, 5-13 x 2-5 cm, oblong to obovate or elliptic, base attenuate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronate. Flower buds ellipsoid. Flowers (5-) 6-8-merous. Calyx tube smooth, segments longer than the tube, spreading in fruit. Petals 18-25 mm long, linear-lanceolate, dark red. Filaments 25-35 mm long, reddish at the base. Fruit 3-4 x 5-7 cm, thick walled, green.
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Description
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Trees, columnar, 5-20 m tall. Pneumatophores ca. 1 m, thin, pointed; ultimate branchlets pendulous, 4-angled. Petiole 2-9 mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, 4-11 × 2-7 cm, midrib prominent with inconspicuous lateral veins, base rounded, narrowly to broadly attenuate on petiole, apex rounded with minute, thick mucro. Flowers 5-7-merous. Floral tube 2.5-3 cm at anthesis, smooth, flattened in mature fruit; sepals adaxially green, often red-streaked, 1.4-1.9 cm. Petals red, linear, 1.8-2.9 cm × 1-3 mm. Staminal filaments red, sometimes white distally. Fruit [2-]4-5 cm in diam., broader than floral tube. Seeds irregularly angular, ca. 7 mm. Fl. winter, fr. spring-summer. 2n = 22, 24.
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Distribution
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Distribution: Tropical Asia to N. Australia, and tropical South Pacific Islands.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: Feb. July; Fr. Per.: Oct.-Nov.
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Habitat & Distribution
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Coastal mangrove communities, tidal creeks, in muddy soil. Hainan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, N New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Pacific islands].
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Synonym
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Rhizophora caseolaris Linnaeus, Herb. Amboin. 13. 1754; Sonneratia acida Linnaeus f.; S. evenia Blume; S. neglecta Blume; S. obovata Blume; S. ovalis Korthals.
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Sonneratia caseolaris
provided by wikipedia EN
Sonneratia caseolaris, commonly known as mangrove apple,[3] is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. The fruit is noted for its outward similarity to the persimmon fruit.[4]
Sonneratia caseolaris in
Kerala
This tree is a type of mangrove growing up to 20 m in height and with a trunk reaching a maximum diameter of 50 cm. It is present in tropical tidal mud flats from Africa to Indonesia, southwards down to northeast Australia and New Caledonia and northwards up to Hainan Island in China and the Philippines.
The fruit of this tree is the subject of a legend of Maldivian folklore, Kulhlhavah Falhu Rani. Kuhlhavah (ކުއްޅަވައް) is the Dhivehi name for the mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris). [5]
The tree is associated with congregating fireflies throughout southeast Asia[6] and is the food source of moth and other insects.
Uses
The leaves and the fruit are edible and appreciated as food in certain areas, such as Maldives.[3] In Sri Lanka, where the fruit is known as kirala gédi (කිරල ගෙඩි) in Sinhala or Kārk koṭṭaikaḷ (கார்க் கொட்டைகள்) in Tamil, the pulp of the fruit is mixed with coconut milk extract and made into a milk shake.[7] Many tourist resorts situated in the South of Sri Lanka where the trees grow abundantly alongside rivers, offer fresh fruit drinks made from the fruit. In the Maldives the fruits are used as a refreshing drink and also eaten with scraped coconut & sugar.
The tree is also sometimes known as cork tree, because fishermen in some areas make fishing net floats by shaping the pneumatophores into small floats.[6]
References
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^ Kathiresan, K.; Salmo III, S.G.; Fernando, E.S.; Peras, J.R.; Sukardjo, S.; Miyagi, T.; Ellison, J.; Koedam, N.E.; Wang, Y.; Primavera, J.; Jin Eong, O.; Wan-Hong Yong, J.; Ngoc Nam, V. (2010). "Sonneratia caseolaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T178796A7608551. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178796A7608551.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^ "Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
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^ a b Mangrove Apple Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
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^ "mangrove flora: berembang (sonneratia caseolaris)". mangrove.nus.edu.sg.
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^ Romero-Frias, Xavier (2012) Folk tales of the Maldives, NIAS Press, ISBN 978-87-7694-104-8, ISBN 978-87-7694-105-5
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^ a b "Berembang (Sonneratia caseolaris) on the Shores of Singapore". www.wildsingapore.com.
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^ Apé Lamā Lōkaya:1950, Chapter 28 (Vijitha Yapa Publications) ISBN 978-955-665-250-5
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Sonneratia caseolaris: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Sonneratia caseolaris, commonly known as mangrove apple, is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. The fruit is noted for its outward similarity to the persimmon fruit.
Sonneratia caseolaris in
Kerala This tree is a type of mangrove growing up to 20 m in height and with a trunk reaching a maximum diameter of 50 cm. It is present in tropical tidal mud flats from Africa to Indonesia, southwards down to northeast Australia and New Caledonia and northwards up to Hainan Island in China and the Philippines.
The fruit of this tree is the subject of a legend of Maldivian folklore, Kulhlhavah Falhu Rani. Kuhlhavah (ކުއްޅަވައް) is the Dhivehi name for the mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris).
The tree is associated with congregating fireflies throughout southeast Asia and is the food source of moth and other insects.
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