Smooth Smartweed

American plants here included in Persicaria glabra often have been treated as distinct and called P. densiflora. The morphological differences between them and Asian and Pacific P. glabra are minor. Regional tendencies exist but do not appear sufficient to warrant separation of the species (K. L. Wilson 1990b).

An infusion made from pounded whole plants was used by the Hawaiians as a blood medicine (D. E. Moerman 1998).

Plants perennial, 3-15 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present. Stems decumbent to erect, usually branched distally, without noticeable ribs, glabrous or, rarely, pubescent distally, sometimes glandular-punctate. Leaves: ocrea light brown, cylindric, 12-23 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate, surface glabrous, usually obscurely glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2-2 cm, scabrous; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate, (10-)15-30 × (1.5-)2-5.4 cm, base tapered, margins glabrous or antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or scabrous along midveins, sometimes glandular-punctate. Inflorescences mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, erect to slightly nodding, usually uninterrupted, 30-100 × 5-9 mm; peduncle 10-50 mm, glabrous or scabrid, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate. Pedicels erect to spreading, 2-5 mm. Flowers (1-)3-8 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white to white or pink, glabrous, not glandular-puncate or glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/ 3 their length, obovate, 3-3.6 mm, veins not prominent, not anchor shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5-7, included; anthers pink or red, ovate; styles 2, connate proximally. Achenes included, dark brown to brownish black, biconvex, 2-2.2 × 1.3-1.6 mm, shiny, smooth.

Erect, 0.5-1.5 m tall, glabrous, branched perennial herb. Stem reddish at base, nodes usually swollen. Leaves 18-22 x 1-3.5 cm, completely glabrous, sometimes red gland dotted at the base, elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, petiole 0.5-1.35 cm. Ochrea 1-3 cm long, tube-like, completely eciliate. Inflorescence glabrous, pedunculate, branched raceme, 5-10 cm long, very slender. Ochreolae 2-4 mm long, imbricate, glabrous. Flowers heterostylous, pedicel 2.5-4.5 mm long, exerted from ochreolae. Tepals 5, eglandular, white or pink, up to 2.5 mm long. Stamens exserted or included, (6-) 7 (-8), 1.75-4 mm long. Pistil exserted or included, 2.0-4.5 mm long; ovary biconvex, styles 2, rarely 3, connate at the base. Nuts bigonous ± rounded, 1.5-3.0 x 1.5-2.0 mm, glabrous, black, shining.

Distribution: Tropical Asia, Pakistan, India extending upto Malayesia and Philippine; Africa.

Fl. Per.: April-November.

An entirely glabrous plant, except the leaves which are often red-gland dotted, ochrea are completely eciliate. Grows mostly from plains to 1000 m in or near water, in ditches, river banks and lakes.

Flowering Aug-Nov. Swamps, wet thickets, marshy shores, frequently in water, mostly on coastal plain of e North America; 0-300; Ala., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; Central America; South America; Asia; ne Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Philippines).

Polygonum glabrum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 2: 447. 1799; Persicaria densiflora (Meisner) Moldenke; P. portoricensis (Bertero ex Small) Small; Polygonum densiflorum Meisner; P. portoricense Bertero ex Small

Polygonum glabrum Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 447. 1799; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 115. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 34. 1886; Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bomb. 3: 5.1958 (reprint. ed.); Rech. f. & Schiman-Czeika in Rech. f., Fl. Iran. 56: 57. 1968; R.R.Stewart, Ann. Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm. 206. 1972; Bhopal & Chaudhri in Pak. Syst. 1(2): 75. 1977.

Persicaria glabra is a species of flowering plant native to North America and Eurasia.