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Wrinkled Frog

Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy & Gururaja 2007

Description

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This torrent species is differentiated from all known species in the genus by its very large size (snout vent length range 52–84 mm), stout body, rough and highly wrinkled dorsum, presence of two prominent folds in the tympanic region, prominent vomerine teeth located horizontally on highly-elevated strong ridges situated far behind the choanae. Hindlimb is short, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tympanic region, tips of fingers and toes dilated into prominent discs with circum-marginal grooves. Prominent and highly developed tubercles equal to the size of their respective terminal phalangial discs are present.

Reference

Krishnamurthy, S. V., Manjunatha Reddy, A. H., and Gururaja, K. V. (2001). ''A new species of frog in the genus Nyctibatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Western Ghats, India.'' Current Science, 80(7), 887-891.

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Distribution and Habitat

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This species of Nyctibatrachus is described from the Western Ghats part of Kudremukh National Park, Karnataka, South India. Kudremukh National Park is located in the central Western Ghats (13°10'– 13°26'N and 75°05'–75°10'E) and comprises highly complex vegetation mosaic of tropical evergreen forest, shola-grassland and mixed semi-evergreen forest, richly nourished by several hill streams and torrents. This large and robust species of Nyctibatrachus was recorded from a torrential stream ‘Kadambi Hole’, flowing through the Kudremukh National Park (altitude: 850–1110 m msl). These frogs inhabit caves beneath the boulders in the riffle zone of water.
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Giant wrinkled frog

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The giant wrinkled frog (Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis, arguably a junior synonym of N. hussaini)[4] is a species of frogs in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to the Western Ghats of India in the Kudremukh region. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]

Taxonomic controversy

This "species" was named after the Indian ornithologist S. A. Hussain as Nyctibatrachus hussaini.[3] In 2001, Biju questioned the validity of this species due to lack of type specimens in the museum.[5]

In 2007, some of the same authors suggested the alternative name of Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis,[2] stating that Nyctibatrachus hussaini was invalid due to the lack of a traceable holotype, though two of the authors claiming this were responsible for the original description.[4] A holotype (more correctly a neotype) was designated and vouchered at the Zoological Survey of India in Kozhikode with the alternate name. This became the subject of considerable controversy, as problems were noted in peer-review practices and adherence to the ICZN code.[4][6][7]

References

  1. ^ a b S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, M.S. Ravichandran (2004). "Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58399A11768152. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58399A11768152.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Dinesh, K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, A.H. Manjunatha Reddy and K.V. Gururaja. 2007. Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom. nov., a replacement name for the Giant Wrinkled Frog from the Western Ghats. Current Science. 93 (2): 246-250. PDF
  3. ^ a b Krishnamurthy, SV and Manjunatha, Reddy AH and Gururaja, KV (2001) A new species of frog in the genus Nyctibatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Western Ghats, India. Current Science 80(7):887-891. PDF
  4. ^ a b c Daniels, R. J. R. (2008) Taxonomic vandalism: The case of the giant wrinkled frog. Current Science 94(2):158-159 PDF
  5. ^ Biju, S. D. (2001) A synopsis of frog fauna of Western Ghats of India. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol. Occas. Publ. 1:1–24
  6. ^ Koshy, J. P. Frog species soar in India - so do battles over who found them. Hindustan Times, 12 February 2008 online
  7. ^ Dinesh KP, Radhakrishnan C, Manjunatha Reddy AH and Gururaja KV. 2008. Taxonomic reasoning: The case of giant wrinkled frog. Current Science 94(8):965-966 PDF

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Giant wrinkled frog: Brief Summary

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The giant wrinkled frog (Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis, arguably a junior synonym of N. hussaini) is a species of frogs in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to the Western Ghats of India in the Kudremukh region. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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