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Thelenota ananas (Jaeger 1833)

Ananas-Seewalze ( German )

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Die Ananas-Seewalze (Thelenota ananas) ist ein Stachelhäuter (Echinodermata) aus der Klasse der Seegurken (Holothuroidea).

Merkmale

Ananas-Seewalzen haben einen langgestreckten, im Querschnitt quadratischen Körper. Sie werden 70 Zentimeter lang, bei einem maximalen Durchmesser von 15 Zentimetern. Die rotbraune Haut ist mit großen, gleichfarbigen, orangen, grauen oder violett schimmernden, ein- bis dreispitzigen Papillen besetzt. Auch die mit zahlreichen Ambulacralfüßen besetzte Unterseite ist orange. Ananas-Seewalzen haben keine Cuvierschen Schläuche.

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Nahansicht der Papillen

Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Die Tiere leben im Roten Meer und im tropischen Indopazifik, nördlich bis Japan und östlich bis zu den Inseln des Südpazifik. Sie leben einzeln auf den Sand- und Geröllflächen zwischen einzelnen Korallenriffen in Tiefen von 2 bis 30 Metern. Ananas-Seewalzen ernähren sich von Detritus und anderen organischen Stoffen, die sie vom Bodengrund aufnehmen.

Eidechsenfische benutzen die Seewalzen als Tarnung und lauern hinter ihren großen Körpern verborgen auf kleine Fische und Krebstiere. Der Mensch fängt die Tiere als Delikatesse. Sie werden unter der Bezeichnung „Prickly Redfish“ als Trepang angeboten.

Literatur

  • Erhardt/Moosleitner: Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas Band 3: Wirbellose Tiere, Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-103-8

Weblinks

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Ananas-Seewalze: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Ananas-Seewalze (Thelenota ananas) ist ein Stachelhäuter (Echinodermata) aus der Klasse der Seegurken (Holothuroidea).

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Thelenota ananas

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Thelenota ananas, also known as pineapple sea cucumber, oloturia ananas, tripang, prickly skin cucumber, pointed teat sea cucumber, armoured sea cucumber, giant sea cucumber, sand fish or prickly redfish, is a species of sea cucumber[1][2] found in tropical Indo-Pacific waters from the Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii and Polynesia.

Description

Thelenota ananas (pineapple sea cucumber) is a species of sea cucumber characterized by its large size, warm colors, and pointed, star-shaped teats covering the entire body, grouped in rows of 2 or 3, as seen in Figure 1. Their body is reddish-orange in color, with the teats slightly darker. They are able to reach up to 70 centimeters (28 in) in length, with a weight of between 3 kg to 6 kg, and have numerous large tube feet on the flat ventral side of their body.[3] T. ananas is a slow growing organism.[4]

Environment

The environment of T. ananas is found in clean, sandy bottoms of lagoons with a depth of up to 30 m, or in slabs near large coral heads and coral rubble, as depicted in Figure 2. They are typically located in seas surrounding India and in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.[3] The average water temperatures they thrive in are between 26-27 °C.[4] The individuals are large and found dispersed in low densities.[5]

Behavior

T. ananas are widely distributed, but tracking these organisms in a non-invasive and accurate way is somewhat difficult. Mark and recapture methods can be difficult because their bodies are extendable, so measuring their body has proven difficult to scientists since the numbers are ever-changing. The body wall of T. ananas cannot be tagged because it affects the growth of the organism, and are later shed off altogether. Scratching marks into the body wall induces short-term trauma and does not last long enough for mark and recapture efforts. These methods all harm T. ananas in some form, so the best non-invasive way to track their growth and traveling is through photographs.

Figure 1. Close-up view of teats on T. ananas

While generally considered sedentary, they have large tube feet hidden underneath their body which allow them to be highly mobile creatures and widely distributed. They are slow growing, but also longer lived and have lower mortality rates. T. ananas is diurnally active, meaning they're active during the day.

T. ananas plays an important role in coral reef ecosystems by recycling nutrients, bioturbating sediments, buffering sea water from ocean acidification to local scales, prey to a range of predators, and acting as a host for symbiotic biota.[4]

Parasites

Figure 2. T. ananas in rocky habitat

T. ananas acts as a host to parasites identified as small siphonostome copepods within the genus Nanaspis. Arthur G. Humes of Boston University's Marine Program published research in 1973 that identified three new siphonostomes found onT. ananas. The research was conducted by collected and isolating T. ananas, washing them with 5% ethyl alcohol in sea water, and then passing a very fine mesh net through the wash water to collect the parasites. In this study, most of the parasites collected, across all T. ananas, were female. It was also found that all three of these newly discovered species could occur on the same host at the same time, and are very similar in structure, leading to the theory that these three evolved from a common ancestor that was also associated with T. ananas in the past. As many as 847 adult parasites were collected from one single specimen.[6]

Another parasite often found in this holothuroid is the worm pearlfish (Encheliophis vermicularis).[7]

Feeding

T. ananas feeds exclusively on calcareous alga Halmeda sp.[3]

As a food source

T. ananas is one of the most popular edible sea cucumber species consumed in China, and some other Southeast Asian countries. Research published in 2014 by Long Yu et al. examined the chemical properties of this organism that makes it such a delicacy. They found that they contained a polysaccharide that is present in brown algae and sea cucumbers called Fucoidan, that contains L-fucose and sulphate groups, which is a primary component aiding their popularity. Consumption of T. ananas provides health benefits such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, anti-coagulant, and anti-viral effects.[8] Furthermore, sea cucumbers contain saponins, which can help regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate the development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.[9]

References

  1. ^ WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Thelenota ananas (Jaeger, 1833)
  2. ^ Prickly Redfish (Thelenota ananas) - Information on Prickly Redfish - Encyclopedia of Life
  3. ^ a b c James, D.B. (2001). "Twenty sea cucumbers from seas around India" (PDF). Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly. 24: 4–8.
  4. ^ a b c Purcell, Steven W. (June 2016). "Movement and growth of the coral reed holothuroids Bahadschia argus and Thelonata ananas" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 551: 201–214. doi:10.3354/meps11720.
  5. ^ Conand, C. (1993-07-01). "Reproductive biology of the holothurians from the major communities of the New Caledonian Lagoon". Marine Biology. 116 (3): 439–450. doi:10.1007/BF00350061.
  6. ^ Humes, Arthur G. (1973). "Nanaspis (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) parasitic on the holothurian Thelenota ananas (Jaeger) at Eniwetok Atoll". Journal of Parasitology. 59 (2): 384–395. doi:10.2307/3278840. JSTOR 3278840.
  7. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Encheliophis vermicularis" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
  8. ^ Yu, Long (March 2014). "Structure elucidation of fucoidan composed of a novel tetrafucose repeating unit from sea cucumber Thelonata ananas". Food Chemistry. 146: 113–119. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.033. PMID 24176321.
  9. ^ Zhu, Beiwei; Luo, Yongkang; Dong, Xiuping; Li, Kaifeng; Han, Qi-an (2018-06-22). "Function of Thelenota ananas saponin desulfated holothurin A in modulating cholesterol metabolism". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9506. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.9506H. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27932-x. PMC 6014995. PMID 29934523.

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Thelenota ananas: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Thelenota ananas, also known as pineapple sea cucumber, oloturia ananas, tripang, prickly skin cucumber, pointed teat sea cucumber, armoured sea cucumber, giant sea cucumber, sand fish or prickly redfish, is a species of sea cucumber found in tropical Indo-Pacific waters from the Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii and Polynesia.

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Thelenota ananas ( French )

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Holothurie ananas, Concombre de mer épineux

Thelenota ananas, communément appelé l’Holothurie ananas[3] ou le Concombre de mer épineux[3], est une espèce de concombres de mer de la famille des Stichopodidae.

Description et caractéristiques

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Spécimen des îles Fidji.
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Spécimen de Bornéo (Sabah).

C'est une holothurie d'allure relativement classique, avec un corps allongé en cylindre légèrement aplati, et aux extrémités arrondies, où se trouvent la bouche (en position légèrement ventrale, entourée de vingt tentacules buccaux marron) et le cloaque. Cette holothurie peut mesurer jusqu'à 80 cm à l'âge adulte pour un poids de 7 kg, mais sa taille moyenne est d'environ 45 cm. Elle est de rouge, orangée, rose ou brune, parcourue de motifs linéaires noirs et anguleux et de petits points ocre. Son trait le plus caractéristique est la présence sur toutes les parties supérieures de grandes papilles molles, pointues et parfois branchues, et disposées en forme d'étoiles (chez les juvéniles, ces papilles sont arrondies[4])[5].

Galerie

Habitat et répartition

Cette espèce est largement répartie dans le bassin Indo-Pacifique tropical ainsi qu'en mer Rouge[5], mais absente d'Hawaii.

Espèce benthique, on la trouve posée sur le fond, principalement sur des fonds rocheux riches en sédiments durs (entre 5 et 30 m de profondeur)[5],[4].

Écologie et comportement

Alimentation

Comme toutes les holothuries de son ordre, cette espèce se nourrit en ingérant le substrat sableux, qu'elle trie grossièrement et porte à sa bouche à l'aide de ses tentacules buccaux pour en digérer les particules organiques[4],[5].

Reproduction

Cette espèce a une maturité sexuelle tardive et une fécondité faible.

La reproduction est sexuée, et la fécondation a lieu en été, en pleine eau après émission synchronisée des gamètes mâles et femelles, pendant laquelle les individus adoptent une position érigée caractéristique.

La larve évolue parmi le plancton pendant quelques semaines avant de se fixer pour entamer sa métamorphose[5].

L'Holothurie ananas et l'Homme

Cette espèce est comestible, et exploitée commercialement pour le marché asiatique (où elle est vendue sous les noms de « trepang » - nom générique culinaire des holothuries - ou « prickly redfish »). Cependant, sa fécondité étant faible, l'espèce tend à se raréfier du fait de la surexploitation, et est désormais inscrite comme espèce « en danger d'extinction » (EN) sur la liste rouge de l'IUCN[5].

Sa taille, ses mœurs et la présence de toxines dans son épiderme font que cette espèce n'est pas utilisée en aquariophilie[6].

Notes et références

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Thelenota ananas: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Holothurie ananas, Concombre de mer épineux

Thelenota ananas, communément appelé l’Holothurie ananas ou le Concombre de mer épineux, est une espèce de concombres de mer de la famille des Stichopodidae.

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Thelenota ananas ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Thelenota ananas is een zeekomkommer uit de familie Stichopodidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1833 als Trepang ananas gepubliceerd door Wilhelm Friedrich Jäger.[1]

De soort komt voor in het tropische deel van de Indische en Grote Oceaan. Hij wordt 2,5 tot 7 kg zwaar en tot 80 cm lang. De soort is herkenbaar aan de grote hoeveelheid tamelijk grote puntige uitsteeksels, die oranje, rood, roze of bruin van kleur zijn. Hij wordt gevonden op diepten tot zo'n 30 meter, meestal bij riffen.

Synoniemen

  • Holothuria grandis Brandt, 1835
  • Mülleria formosa Selenka, 1867
  • Holothuria hystrix Saville-Kent, 1890
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Jäger, W.F. (1833). De Holothuriis: 24
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Thelenota ananas: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Thelenota ananas is een zeekomkommer uit de familie Stichopodidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1833 als Trepang ananas gepubliceerd door Wilhelm Friedrich Jäger.

De soort komt voor in het tropische deel van de Indische en Grote Oceaan. Hij wordt 2,5 tot 7 kg zwaar en tot 80 cm lang. De soort is herkenbaar aan de grote hoeveelheid tamelijk grote puntige uitsteeksels, die oranje, rood, roze of bruin van kleur zijn. Hij wordt gevonden op diepten tot zo'n 30 meter, meestal bij riffen.

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Hải sâm lựu ( Vietnamese )

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Hải sâm lựu (danh pháp: Thelenota ananas) là một trong số ít loài hải sâm có giá trị kinh tế cao do có kích thước khá lớn, thích hợp cho nuôi trồng, đánh bắt và chế biến thực phẩm.

Đặc điểm sinh học

Mô tả

Thelenota ananas (Pineapple sea cucumber) close-up.jpg

Hải sâm lựu có kích thước khá lớn, có thể dài tới 75 cm, thân hình vuông kéo dài, lưng có nhiều gai thịt lớn, có màu cam hơi đỏ hoặc xám, thậm chí màu tím.[1]

Miệng có khoảng 20 xúc tua xòe hình tán.

Sinh thái

Giá trị

Thực phẩm

Dinh dưỡng

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Phân bố

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

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Hải sâm lựu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Hải sâm lựu (danh pháp: Thelenota ananas) là một trong số ít loài hải sâm có giá trị kinh tế cao do có kích thước khá lớn, thích hợp cho nuôi trồng, đánh bắt và chế biến thực phẩm.

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梅花参 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Thelenota ananas
(Jaeger, 1833)[1]

梅花参学名Thelenota ananas)为刺参科梅花参属的动物。

特征

身体长可达1米;背面肉刺很大,每3-11个肉刺基部相连呈花瓣状,所以得名“梅花参”;又因为体形像凤梨,所以又称“凤梨参”;腹面平坦,管足小而密布;口稍偏于腹面,周围有20个触手;背面为橙黄色或橙红色,散布黄色和褐色斑点,腹面带赤色,触手黄色。

分布

分布于东非、马达加斯加新喀里多尼亚、马斯克林群岛、马尔代夫群岛、印度尼西亚日本澳大利亚台湾以及中国大陆西沙群岛等地,主要栖息于暴露于珊瑚礁缘外的沙底、或泻湖内沙枕上以及水深10-30m。该物种的模式产地在印度尼西亚。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 梅花参. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:梅花参
Sea cucumber.jpg 梅花参是 一個與海參相關的小作品。你可以通过編輯或修訂擴充其內容。
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梅花参: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

梅花参(学名:Thelenota ananas)为刺参科梅花参属的动物。

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Appearance in life: shaggy, orange-brown above, light red band of tube feet about half the width of sole running longitudinally, laterial podia and oral tentacles orange-yellow, stems of podia deep red (Humphreys, 1981). Also distributed in Maldive area, East Indies, north Australia, China, south Japan and South Pacific Is. (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & Gates, 1995). General distribution: tropical, Indo-west Pacific, depth range 3-20 m. (Rowe & Gates, 1995); widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific, excluding Hawaii (Conand, 1998). Ecology: benthic, inshore, detritus feeder, deposit feeder (Rowe & Gates, 1995). Habitat: hard bottoms, large rubble and coral patches, on reef slopes and near passes, depth range from surface down to 25 m. (Conand, 1998).

Reference

Rowe, F. W. E.; Gates, J. (1995). Echinodermata. In ‘Zoological Catalogue of Australia'. 33 (Ed A. Wells.) pp xiii + 510 (CSIRO Australia, Melbourne).

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