Clarke's Gazelle

An dibatag (liester : dibataged)^[1] a zo ur spesad antilopenned, Ammodorcas clarkei an anv skiantel anezhañ.
Ar spesad nemetañ eo er genad Ammodorcas.

Dougen a ra anv an dengarour aostralian Thomas William Henric Clarke (1860-1945).

Annez

Brosezat eo ar spesad en Etiopia hag e Somalia.

Liamm diavaez

• (en) Ammodorcas clarkei war al lec'hienn www.ultimateungulate.com.

Notennoù ha daveennoù

El dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei) és un antílop originari dels herbassars sorrencs d'Etiòpia i Somàlia. En algunes llengües se'l coneix com a gasela de Clarke. Tot i no ser una gasela autèntica, té marques similars, amb una cua negra llarga i peluda que s'alça quan l'animal salta. D'aquí ve el seu nom, que significa "cua erecta" en somali.

El dibatag és classificat per la UICN com a espècie "vulnerable" a l'extinció a causa de la caça i la pertorbació per part dels humans (incloent-hi la guerra).

En queden uns quants milers d'individus, sense poblacions en captivitat. Els mascles pesen 28-35 quilograms i les femelles 22-29 quilograms.

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Dibatag

Die Stelzengazelle (Ammodorcas clarkei), auch Lamagazelle oder Dibatag genannt, ist eine afrikanische Antilope aus der Gruppe der Gazellenartigen. Der Name „Dibatag“ stammt aus der Somali-Sprache und ist zusammengesetzt aus dabu („Schwanz“) und tag („aufrecht“). Er rührt daher, dass die Stelzengazellen beim Laufen den Schwanz aufrecht halten.

Äußere Merkmale

Benannt ist die Stelzengazelle nach ihren langen, dünnen Beinen. Dieser Merkmale wegen wurde sie gelegentlich in die Nähe der Giraffengazelle gestellt; eine enge Verwandtschaft wird heute aber nicht mehr angenommen. Oberseits ist sie grau-beige und unterseits weiß gefärbt. Die Beine sind ockerfarben und die Stirn ist rotbraun gefärbt. Nur die Männchen tragen kurze Hörner, die etwa 20 cm lang, an der Basis geringelt und in einem scharfen Bogen nach vorne gebogen sind. Bis zur Schulter misst eine Stelzengazelle etwa 85 cm, ihr Gewicht beträgt 22 bis 31 kg. Die Kopf-Rumpflänge beträgt 152 bis 168 cm.

Verbreitung

Als endemischer Bewohner der Ogaden-Wüste (im Grenzgebiet zwischen Äthiopien und Somalia) und Zentral-Somalias ist sie eine der seltensten Antilopen überhaupt.

Verhalten

Wie die Giraffengazelle ist auch die Stelzengazelle ein Laubfresser, der sich oft auf die Hinterbeine stellt, um hoch liegende Äste zu erreichen. Die Böcke sind territorial und erneuern täglich ihre Markierungen. Die Weibchen bilden Gruppen bis zu fünf Tieren mit ihren Jungen und einzelnen erwachsenen Böcken.

Gefährdung

Nach der IUCN-Liste gilt sie in ihrem Bestand seit 1986 als gefährdet (vulnerable C1).

Literatur

• Bernhard Grzimek: Grzimeks Tierleben. Band 13.
• Jonathan Kingdon: The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals.

Weblink

• Ammodorcas clarkei in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2013.1. Eingestellt von: Heckel, J.-O., Wilhelmi, F., Kaariye, X.Y. & Amir, O.G., 2008. Abgerufen am 21. September 2013.

'S e seòrsa Antalop a tha ann an Ammodorcas clarkei (Beurla: dibatag, Clarke's gazelle). Tha iad a' fuireach ann an Ethiopia agus Somalia.

Iomraidhean

1. ↑ Thomas, O (1891) Proc. Zool Soc. Lond. pages

Сомали жейрен (лат. Ammodorcas clarkei) — жейрендердин бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

• А. А. Алдашев. Биология терминдеринин жана айбанат аттарынын орусча-кыргызча сөздүгү. - Бишкек, 1998. ISBN 9967-11-027-9

The dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei), or Clarke's gazelle, is a medium-sized slender antelope native to Ethiopia and Somalia. Though not a true gazelle, it is similarly marked, with long legs and neck. It is often confused with the gerenuk due to their striking resemblance. The typical head-and-body length is about 103 to 117 cm (41 to 46 in). They stand up to about 80 to 90 cm (31 to 35 in). Male dibatag weigh between 20 and 35 kg (44 and 77 lb), whereas females range from 22 and 29 kg (49 and 64 lb). The length of the curved horns, present only on males, is typically between 10 and 25 cm (3.9 and 9.8 in). The upper parts are gray to fawn, while the dorsal and lateral areas are cinnamon to rufous (reddish brown). The underparts, rump and the insides of the legs are all white. While markings are visible on the face, there are none on the flanks or the buttocks.

Dibatag are alert and secretive, and their brown coat provides an excellent camouflage, making the dibatag one of the antelopes most difficult to hunt. They are diurnal animals, and navigate in very small herds. Both sexes attain sexual maturity at 12 to 18 months. The species is polygynous. After a gestational period of six to seven months, a single offspring is born. Parturition usually occurs from September to November. The lifespan typically averages 10 to 12 years. Dibatag may maintain temporary territories demarcated by preorbital gland secretions, urine or feces. Primarily browsers, the dibatag feed on foliage and young shoots and shrubs. Dibatag are well adapted to semi-arid habitats, with the capability of surviving on very little or no water.

Several factors including human settlement, habitat degradation, large numbers of livestock, political unrest and armed conflicts in the areas covering its range and lack of conservation measures for two to three decades in the late 20th century have now reduced the population to only a few thousand. Significant populations still occur in southern Ogaden (Ethiopia). The dibatag is listed by the IUCN as "Vulnerable".

Taxonomy and etymology

The dibatag was first described in 1891 by British zoologist Oldfield Thomas, who gave it the scientific name Ammodorcas clarkei. It is the sole member of the genus Ammodorcas, and is placed in the family Bovidae. Some authors such as Rod East of the IUCN SSC Antelope specialist group have classified it under a separate tribe Ammodorcadini.^[3] When Thomas first studied specimens from Somalia in 1891, he observed that the animal seemed to combine the horns of a reedbuck with the characteristic features of a gazelle (muzzle, facial markings, and anteorbital glands). At first, he considered it to be a reedbuck, though it appeared unnatural that a reedbuck should occur in the dry sandy plateau of Somalia. Thomas originally considered it a relative of the genus Redunca due to similarities in the morphology of horns, and placed it under the genus Cervicapra. However, after considering further specimens, he placed it under the separate genus Ammodorcas.^[2] No subspecies have been identified.^[3][4]

The dibatag, which holds its black tail straight up when it is fleeing,^[5] gets its common name from the Somali words for 'tail' and 'erect': dabu and tag.^[6] The dibatag is also known as Clarke's gazelle, after T. W. H. Clarke, an Australian big game hunter who collected the type specimen.^[7]

Description

The dibatag is a medium-sized antelope with a slim body and long neck and legs. The typical head-and-body length is about 103 to 117 cm (41 to 46 in). It stands up to about 80 to 90 cm (31 to 35 in) at the shoulder. The male weighs between 20 and 35 kg (44 and 77 lb), whereas the female ranges from 22 and 29 kg (49 and 64 lb). The long dark tail ends in a rounded but indistinct tassel. The tail is nearly 30 to 36 cm (12 to 14 in) long. The curved horns, resembling those of reedbuck, are present only on males, with the pointing tips facing forward. The length of horns is typically between 10 and 25 cm (3.9 and 9.8 in), though Rowland Ward recorded a length of 33 cm (13 in) from Somalia.^[6] This antelope is sexually dimorphic, because females tend to be smaller than males and lack horns.^[8]

The species has a small, flat, pointed, wedge-shaped head with large eyes and medium-sized ears. A similarity to the gazelles is the black, branched structure in the interior of the ears. The mouth is very small and the upper lip slightly elongated. There are strong facial markings resembling those of a gazelle. A chestnut brown streak runs from the crown up to the nostrils along the nose, flanked on both sides by parallel white stripes that circle the eyes. A white spot marks the throat. The soft and smooth coat is gray to fawn in the upper parts. The ventral side, rump and the insides of the legs are completely white, and the flanks and the buttocks are unmarked.^[6][9]

The dibatag closely resembles the gerenuk, with which it is sympatric in eastern and central Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia. Both are brachyodonts and share several facial and cranial features, along with a two-tone coloration of the pelage and strong thick horns (only in males).^[6] However, there are also some features distinguishing it from the gerenuk, including major morphological differences in horns, horn cores, tail, postorbital area and basioccipital processes. The gerenuk has a longer, heavier neck and a shorter tail.^[8] A finer point of difference is the absence of an inward-curving lobe in the lower edge of the ear (near its tip) in the gerenuk.^[6]

Ecology and behavior

Dibatag are diurnal animals (they are active in the daytime). They navigate either in solitude or in very small herds, resembling the social behavior of the gerenuk. Singles and pairs are most common, though groups of up to six individuals have been reported.^[6][8] Generally groups of over four individuals are rarely observed. The reaction of dibatag towards gerenuk is obscure, with there being reports of their loose associations as well as avoidance of each other. These territorial animals may maintain temporary territories demarcated by preorbital gland secretions, urine or feces. They defecate at fixed points and form dung piles.^[6] Males fight one another to defend their territory.^[9] Sparring is a notable part of fighting behavior: one male pushes and shoves against the neck and horns of the opponent, trying to throw him off balance.^[8] The stance is head down with the nose tucked between the forelegs for protection.^[9]

Dibatags are well adapted to semi-arid habitats, with the capability of surviving on very little or no water. They meet most water requirements only from food. Their long neck and limbs enable them to place their forelegs on branches and reach higher branches. The brown pelage helps them hide in bushes. Alert and secretive, the dibatag hides in vegetation and remains motionless while watching for possible threats. When alarmed it flees in a slow and relaxed manner with the neck upright and tail erect. The antelope may even resort to stotting (a behavior particular to the gazelles), a kind of leaping with all four limbs in the air, but this gait is most often used during play. It gallops only when in real danger. Predators include the cheetah, lion, spotted hyaena, black-backed jackal, caracal, Cape hunting dog and large eagles. Eagles usually target juveniles.^[6][8]

Diet

The dibatag is a typical browser, whose diet consists of foliage and young shoots and shrubs. It limits itself to a small area for foraging. Dibatag have hardly been observed drinking water in the wild. The elongated upper lip assists in the ingestion of thorny vegetation, while leaves are plucked off by the front teeth and mobile lips. They prefer Commiphora, Acacia, Boscia, Dichrostachys and Maerua species. They often gather in areas with leafy Commiphora stands due to the high water content of their leaves and shoots. In the rainy season, young soft grasses are preferred, while in the dry season they feed on fry fruits, flowers, buds, shrubs, and tall herbs. They choose a wide variety of species for browsing, hence no clear diet specialization is identified.^[6]

Reproduction

Both sexes attain sexual maturity at 12 to 18 months. The species is polygynous.^[9] Rutting appears to be related to the onset of the wet season in several parts of the range. Observations in the Naples Zoo show many similarities between the courtship behavior of the dibatag and that of the gerenuk. The male dibatag pursues the female; during the march his body is upright and the nose is held high. The male uses preorbital gland secretions to mark the female on her chest and rump. Flehmen, leg-tapping, urine testing and nosing of female genitalia are notable features of the courtship. Once in close contact with the female, he slowly raises his foreleg between her hindlegs; this is followed by copulation.^[6]

After a gestational period of six to seven months, a single offspring is born. Parturition usually occurs from September to November, though births have been reported even in June and July. The infant remains in hiding for one or two weeks, with its mother close by. No further information on parental care is available. The lifespan of a dibatag averages 10 to 12 years.^[6][9]

Habitat and distribution

Dibatag inhabit a mix of different habitat types. They may occasionally visit treelands.^[6] They are thought to be more commonly found in areas where Commiphora shrubs grow.^[6] They occur within the altitude range of 200 to 1,200 m (660 to 3,940 ft). Habitat preference does not vary significantly with seasons.^[6] A study published in 1972 found a greater number of the dibatag in areas rich in red soil.^[10]

The dibatag is endemic to the evergreen bushland of the Ogaden region of southeastern Ethiopia and adjoining parts in northern and central Somalia. In the past their range extended from the southern parts of northern Somalia through southeastern Ethiopia and central Somalia (between the coastline of the Indian Ocean and bounded by the Fafen River in the west and the Shebelle River in the southwest). Rock paintings of two dibatag were discovered on the west bank of the river Nile and north of the Aswan Dam in Egypt, suggesting a southward migration of the species in the Predynastic period in Egypt.^[6]

Nowadays, however, the dibatag has disappeared from the majority of its historical range. From 1985 to 2006, over two decades, the overall decline has been estimated at more than 30 percent of the original population.^[1] In the northern Ogaden, the animal has become very rare owing to a high density of human settlements and large numbers of armed pastoralists and their livestock. However, in the southern Ogaden, it is still common due to greater wealth of natural flora and fewer human settlements.^[11]

Threats and conservation

Droughts and habitat degradation are the major threats across the range. In Somalia, conservation measures have been hindered by lack of political stability due to conflicts over two to three decades in the latter half of the 20th century. During this period its habitat was adversely affected by over-exploitation of wildlife, prevalence of weapons and deforestation.^[1] In Ethiopia hunting is the most severe threat to the dibatag;^[1][11] locals have claimed that dibatag meat is preferred due to its excellent taste.^[11] However its brown pelage and alertness and timidity make hunting for it in dense bushes considerably difficult compared to other antelopes.^[1][11]

The dibatag has been identified as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).^[1] It has not been listed under the Washington Convention (CITES). There are no protected areas in its range. No population estimates or surveys could be made in the three decades from the 1960s to the 1990s due to political unrest and armed conflicts in the areas covering the range. The total surviving population is not known. In 1998, Rod East gave an estimate that the populations must be in only a few thousand given a total remaining range of 10,000 km² (3,900 sq mi) and a population density of 0.1 to 0.3 per square kilometer. In 2006, the population in Ogaden was estimated at 1,500.^[1] The scenario is grim in Somalia: the dibatag have been overhunted, and their habitat faces destruction due to farming practices such as livestock grazing.^[5] They are also threatened by drought.^[5] It had nearly disappeared from most of the country by the early 1980s. Though locals claimed to have seen it in the central coastal hinterland even in the late 1980s, no clear surveys have been conducted since then to support this.^[11] Captive populations are not known.^[6]

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dibatag&oldid=1134719016"

El dibatag o gacela de Clark (Ammodorcas clarkei) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la familia Bovidae.^[2]​ Es la única especie de su género y no se reconocen subespecies.^[2]​ Este antílope habita parajes semidesérticos de Somalia y el sureste de Etiopía.

Referencias

Ammodorcas clarkei Ammodorcas generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Antilopinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

• • 'Ammodorcas clarkei'ri buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

  Ikus, gainera

  • Bovidae

Laamagaselli eli dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei) on onttosarvisten heimoon kuuluva nisäkäslaji.^[2] Se on sukunsa ainoa laji eikä alalajeja tunnisteta.^[2] Antilooppi elää Somalian ja Kaakkois-Etiopian puoliaavikkoisilla alueilla. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on ”sirogaselli”.^[3]

Lähteet

• Palmén, Ernst & Nurminen, Matti (toim.): Eläinten maailma, Otavan iso eläintietosanakirja. 2. Iilimato–Leopardit, s. 855–856. Helsinki: Otava, 1974. ISBN 951-1-01422-6.

Viitteet

Antilope de Clarke, Dibatag

L'antilope de Clarke (Ammodorcas clarkei), aussi appelée dibatag est une espèce d'antilope qui vit par petits groupes (moins de cinq) en Éthiopie et Somalie. C'est la seule espèce du genre Ammodorcas.

Morphologie

• longueur du corps : 152-168 cm
• longueur des cornes : recourbées vers l'avant
• longueur de la queue : 25-35 cm
• hauteur au garrot : 80-88 cm
• poids adulte : 22-35 kg

Physiologie

• maturité sexuelle : atteinte entre 12 et 18 mois
• gestation : 204 jours
• nombre de jeunes / portée : 1
• nombre de portées / an : 1
• longévité : 10 à 12 ans
  • libre :
  • captif :

Répartition géographique

Région Ogaden à l'est de l'Éthiopie et Somalie centrale.

Régime alimentaire

Végétarien.

Prédateurs

Guépards, hyènes, lycaons et humains, le dibatag peut courir à 100 km/h pour fuir les prédateurs^[1].

Notes et références

O díbatag^[4] (Ammodorcas clarkei) é unha especie de mamífero artiodáctilo da familia dos bóvidos, subfamilia dos antilopinos^[3].

Trátase dunha especie monotípica, isto é, a única do seu xénero, e non se recoñecen subespecies.^[3]

Taxonomía

Descrición

A especie foi descrita en 1891 polo zoólogo británico Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas, en Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 7: 304.^[3]

Etimoloxía

Xénero

O nome do xénero, Ammodorcas, está formado pola raíz Ammo- e dorcas. Ammo- deriva do latín científico Ammōnītēs, derivado do latín medieval cornū Ammōnis, literalmente 'o corno de Amón'. Ammōnis era o nome do deus Amun do antigo Exipto (Amón, ou Amón-Ra) en grego antigo Ἄμμων, Ammōn (equivalente ao deus romano Xúpiter), adorado en África baixo a forma dun carneiro.^[5] E dorcas é a daptación ao latín do grego antigo δορκάς, dorkás, 'gacela'.^[6]

Especie

O nome específico, clarkei é un homenaxe que Thomas dedicou ao cazador austriano T. W. H. Clarke, que recolectou o espécime tipo no norte de Somalia.^[7]

Outros nomes vulgares

Na bibliografía internacional é común denominalo dibatag, adaptado en galego como díbatag^[4], nome que procede do somalí, fomado polas palabras dabu ('cola') e tag ('ergueita'), xa que cando o animal está alarmado foxe erguendo a cabeza e a cola^[8] e tamén como antílope de Clarke.^[9]

Características

Aparencia xeral

É un antílope con aparencia de gacela, semellante ao Litocranius walleri, de tamaño mediano e constitución grácil, coas patas e o pescozo moi longos e finos, adaptados aos seus costumes de comer ramallos de árbores e arbustos. Ten os ollos grandes, as orellas longas e un fociño alongado, cónico. A cola é moi longa, fina, e remata nunha borla arredondada; cando o animal está alarmado e corre coa cabeza levantada, levananta tesa a cola cara a arriba ou cara a adiante. Os cornos son moderadamente longos (de entre 25 e 32 cm), fortemente curvados na base, suavemente diverxentes, falciformes, curvados cara a arriba e cara atrás, e despois cara a adiante.^{[8] [10] [11]} Este antílope presenta dimorfismo sexual, xa que as femias, aínda que son semellantes aos machos, adoitan seren máis pequenas e carecen de cornos.^[12]

Coloración

A coloración da súa pelaxe, polas partes superiores, é gris purpúrea escura, con tonalidads rubias, sen ningunha banda lateral; as partes inferiores e as nádegas son brancas. A cara ten unha mancha central de cor castaña escura e, a cada lado, unha lista branca desde a base de cada corno até o fociño; a área ao redor dos ollos é branca e, desde o ollo até o foiño presenta unha lista escura. A cola é totamente negra.^{[8] [10]}

Dimensións

A lonxitude de cabeza e tronco e de 103 a 117 cm, cunha altura na cruz de 80 a 90 cm. O macho pesa entre 20 e 35 kg, mentres que a femia oscila entre os 22 e os 29 kg. A longa cola mide de 30 a 36 cm.^{[8] [13]}

Hábitat e distribución

Hábitat

Vive en chairas con arbustos espiñentos baixos (non en zonas de matogueiras densas, diferenciándose nisto do antílope xirafa), que alternan con matas de herba e, algunhas veces, en chairas herbosas.^{[8] [13]}

Distribución

Este antílope habita en paraxes semidesérticos do norte de Somalia e do leste de Etiopía, na rexión do Ogadén.^[3]

Bioloxía

Costumes

O antílope de Clark vive usualmente en pequenos grupos de 3 a 5 individuos e, algunhas veces, en agrupacións failiares de até 9 cabezas. É un animal moi tímido, e está sempre alerta, movéndose en zonas amplas.^[8]

Alimentación

Comen fundamentalmente ramas de pequnos arbustos, preferentemente dos xéneros Acacia e Comminphora, alcanzando os brotes tenros razas ao seu longo pesozo; ao igual que o antílope xirafa é quen de sosterse en pé sobre as patas traseiras, coas dianteiras apoiadas nun tronco ou unha rama. Tamén se alimentan de bagas de varias especies do xénero Solanum e, ás veces, pastan herba, cando está verde.^[8]

Repodución

Alcanzan a madurez sexual contra os 12 ou os 18 meses de idade. A xestación dura 204 días, e as femias paren unha cría (ás veces dúas) unha vez ao ano. A súa lonxevidade é de 10 e 12 anos.^[13]

Status

Ammodorcas clarkei é unha especie escasa, aínda que localmente poden ser bastante comúns. A pesar de estar protexida, é obxecto de caza furtiva para aproveitar a súe pel. Por outra parte, a destrución do seu hábitat natural a causa do progresivo aumento do gando doméstico é tamén unha seria ameaza para a súa supervivencia.^[8] Por iso a UICN cualifica o seu status como vulnerábel.^[1]

Inimigos naturais

Son obxecto de depredación por parte de leóns, hienas, licaóns, guepardos, servais, caracais e, para os inmaturos, tamén o ratel e varias aguias, aínda que os leopardos son os seus depredadores principais.

Notas

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

• Dorst, J. & Dandelot, P. (1973): Guía de campo de los mamíferos salvajes de África, Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, S. A.
• Groves, C. & Grubb, P. (2011): Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8.
• Groves, C. P. et al. (2011): "Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned rumiants)". In: Wilson, D. E. & Mittermeier, R. A. eds (2011): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume II. Hoofed Mammals. Barcelona: Lynx edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4.
• Haltenorth, T. & Diller, H. (1986): A Field Guide of the Mammals of Africa including Madagascar. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. ISBN 0-00-219778-2.
• VV.AA. (1986): Natura. Enciclopedia de los animales. Tomo II. Los primates. Los ungulados. Barcelona: Ediciones Orbis, S.A. ISBN 84-7634-752-9.
• Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M., editors (2005): Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Outros artigos

• Bóvidos
• Antílopes
• Antilopinos

Especie

• Ammodorcas clarkei en Tree of Life Web Project.
• Ammodorcas clarkei (Thomas, 1891) no ITIS.
• Ammodorcas clarkei en ARKive.
• Ammodorcas clarkei na EOL.
• Ammodorcas clarkei en "An Ultimate Ungulata Fact Sheet".

Il dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei Thomas, 1891), noto anche come gazzella di Clarke, è un'antilope africana della sottofamiglia degli Antilopini^[2]. È l'unica specie del genere Ammodorcas Thomas, 1891. Il nome «dibatag» deriva dalle parole somale dabu («coda») e tag («verticale»), e si riferisce alla coda tenuta eretta dall'animale quando corre.

Descrizione

Il dibatag ha una lunghezza testa-corpo di 152–168 cm, una coda di 30–36 cm, un'altezza al garrese di 80–88 cm, e un peso di 22–35 kg. Le regioni superiori, più scure, sono di colore rossiccio-purpureo, le regioni inferiori sono bianche, e le natiche sono di colore chiaro; lungo i fianchi non è presente alcuna striscia scura. Lungo la parte mediana della faccia corre una striscia di colore castano carico; la coda è nera. La particolare tonalità purpurea del manto rossiccio si fonde così bene con l'ambiente circostante da rendere questo animale molto difficile da avvistare.

Il dibatag ha una costituzione snella e ricorda le specie del genere Gazella nella forma del corpo e quelle del genere Redunca nella struttura della corna. Il collo e la coda sono lunghi, il cranio appiattito e gli zoccoli piccoli. Le corna, presenti unicamente nei maschi, misurano 15–25 cm di lunghezza; la loro metà basale è anellata e rivolta all'indietro, mentre quella terminale è liscia e rivolta in avanti. Diversamente dal gerenuk, ha orecchie arrotondate, non appuntite.

Distribuzione e habitat

Il dibatag è endemico della regione dell'Ogaden (Etiopia orientale) e delle zone adiacenti della Somalia settentrionale e centrale^[1].

Biologia

Il dibatag frequenta aree sabbiose con cespugli spinosi e ciuffi d'erba sparsi. Non è facile da avvistare nel suo ambiente naturale, in quanto è solito nascondersi dietro la vegetazione e osservare i dintorni da sopra la sua sommità. Il collo è così sottile, la testa così appuntita, e la colorazione così simile a quella del paesaggio che l'animale è praticamente invisibile. Fino a quando non viene scoperto rimane pressoché immobile. Mentre fugge, il dibatag corre con la testa ripiegata all'indietro e la coda volta in avanti, mentre il gerenuk corre con testa e coda posizionate allo stesso livello del corpo. Il lungo collo dell'animale, che gli consente di raggiungere una certa altezza mentre bruca tra gli arbusti, svolge la stessa funzione di quello della giraffa. Spesso rimane ritto sulle zampe posteriori, con quelle anteriori appoggiate all'albero, sì da poter raggiungere la massima altezza possibile. Anche il labbro superiore allungato è di grande aiuto nel brucare. Probabilmente il dibatag può sopravvivere senza bere.

Il dibatag occupa e difende territori che marca con urina, feci e secrezioni delle ghiandole preorbitali. Generalmente si sposta da solo o in piccoli gruppi familiari composti da tre-sei esemplari. Si ritiene che le femmine partoriscano in ottobre e novembre. Il periodo di gestazione è di circa 204 giorni.

Conservazione

La IUCN classifica A. clarkei tra le specie vulnerabili (Vulnerable)^[1]. Il numero di esemplari sembra aver subito una netta diminuzione in seguito all'intenso bracconaggio, alla pressante siccità e alla competizione con il bestiame domestico.

Note

Dibatagai (lot. Ammodorcas clarkei) – tikrųjų antilopių (Antilopinae) pošeimio dykaraginis (Bovidae) žinduolis.

Lamą primenanti gazelė. Kūno aukštis 80-90 cm, masė 22-32 kg. Būdingiausi kūno požymiai: ilgas liemuo, plonos ir ilgos kojos, plonas ir ilgas kaklas, maža galva. Viršutinė kūno dalis rausvai pilka, pilvas ir pasturgalis balti, uodega juoda, kojos šviesiai rudos. Bėgdami uodegą laiko iškėlę aukštyn. Raguoti tik patinai. Ragai vidutiniškai 25 cm ilgio, pjautuvo formos su plačiais skersiniais žiedais pamatinėje dalyje, išlinkę atgal, paskui į viršų ir viršūnėmis - į priekį.

Gyvena sausose vietovėse. Laikosi pavieniui, poromis arba nedideliais būriais. Minta medžių ir krūmų lapais, ūgliais, žoliniais augalais. Pasistojusi ant užpakalinių kojų gali gana aukštai pasiekti medžių ir krūmų lapus. Ilgai išbūna be vandens. Poruojasi kovo-gegužės mėnesiais. Nėštumas trunka 6-7 mėnesius. Gimsta 1 jauniklis. Lytiškai subręsta 12-18 mėnesių. Gyvena 10-12 metų.

Paplitusi Somalio šiaurinėje ir Etiopijos rytinėje dalyje.

Rūšis įrašyta į Tarptautinę raudonąją knygą.

Vikiteka

De dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei), soms ook Clarks gazelle of lamagazelle genoemd, is een antilopesoort die alleen voor komt in de Hoorn van Afrika.

Uiterlijk

De dibatag is een grote, slanke antilope die qua lichaamsbouw veel weg heeft van de gerenoek. Het dier wordt tussen de 152 en 168 centimeter groot en heeft een schofthoogte van 80 tot 88 centimeter. De lengte van de zwarte tot grijs-bruine staart bedraagt 30 tot 36 centimeter. Zijn kop staat op een lange, slanke nek. Vanaf de punt van de neus tot aan boven het oog loopt een witte streep over de kop. Rondom de grote ogen is de vacht eveneens wit. De tippen van de puntige oren zijn zwart van kleur. Bij de dibatag hebben alleen de mannetjes hoorns van tussen de 10 tot 25 centimeter lang die scherp naar voren toe buigen. De vacht van het dier is grijsbruin. De dieren hebben een ideale schutkleur voor de omgeving waarin ze leven. De buik en achterzijde van het dier zijn wit van kleur. De poten zijn oker van kleur, en kleuren aan de binnenzijde naar boven toe langzaam wit. Het gewicht van deze antilope ligt tussen de 22 tot 29 kilogram.

Leefgebied

Het verspreidingsgebied van deze antilope is zeer beperkt. Hij komt voor in delen van centraal Somalië en in het Ogaden gebied in Ethiopië. Hij leeft in de droge, zanderige gebieden met slechts lichte begroeiing.

Gedrag

Het dier is territoriaal en voornamelijk overdag actief. Ze leven over het algemeen in kleine groepen. Deze groepen bestaat uit een mannetje met enkele vrouwtjes of uit een groepje vrijgezelle mannetjes. Soms trekken mannetjes ook alleen rond. De mannetjes markeren hun territorium met urine en door het wrijven van hun geurklier langs boomstronken en andere uitsteeksels. De mannetjes bewaken hun territorium, voornamelijk tijdens de paartijd, tegen andere mannetjes in hun territorium.

Op het moment dat de dibatag zich bedreigd voelt zal hij zich verstoppen achter dichtere struiken al waar hij doodstil blijft staan. Wordt het dier toch gedwongen om op de vlucht te slaan dan gooit hij zijn hoofd naar achteren en zet hij het op het lopen. De dibatag staat op het menu van o.a. leeuwen en hyena's.

Voortplanting

Het paarseizoen ligt in de periode van het regenseizoen van april en mei. Na een draagtijd van ongeveer 6 maanden wordt in oktober, november 1 jong geboren. Omdat deze periode de tijd van de korte regenbuien is, is de omgeving begroeid met dichte struiken waarin de jongen zich de eerste levensweken goed verborgen kunnen houden. Na 12 tot 18 maanden bereiken de jongen de leeftijd dat ze zelf geslachtsrijp zijn. De dibatag wordt tussen de 10 tot 12 jaar oud.

Voedsel

Het voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit bladeren en scheuten van struiken en bomen. Vanwege de lange nek kunnen de dieren bij de hogere bladeren waar de meeste andere herbivoren niet bij kunnen. Net zoals de gerenoek kan deze antilope ook op zijn achterpoten staan tijdens het eten om zo bij nog hoger gelegen takken te kunnen komen. De dieren leven in droge gebieden met nauwelijks water. De dieren drinken dan ook nauwelijks en onttrekken hun vocht uit hun voedsel.

Bedreigd

Doordat de dibatag een beperkt leefgebied heeft is het dier extra kwetsbaar. In Ethiopië is de populatie beschermd en veilig. In Somalië wordt er echter nog steeds op het dier gejaagd en moet hij de competitie aan met vee waardoor er schaarste aan voedsel ontstaat.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Antylopik ogadeński^[3], dawniej: dibatang^[4] (Ammodorcas clarkei) – gatunek ssaka parzystokopytnego z rodziny wołowatych, jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju antylopik (Ammodorcas^[3]).

Nazwa zwyczajowa

W wydanej w 2015 roku przez Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk publikacji „Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata” autorzy nadali rodzajowi Ammodorcas polską nazwę zwyczajową antylopik (obejmującą gatunek antylopik ogadeński), jednak taką samą nazwę nadali także rodzajowi Raphicerus^[3].

Opis

Antylopik ogadeński ma rdzawoczerwoną sierść, która od spodu jest koloru białawego. Głowa dość mała, u samców zaopatrzona w małe rogi długości ok. 25 cm.

Długość ciała - 150 – 170 cm
Wysokość w kłębie - 95–100 cm
Waga - ok. 28–35 kg.

Jest zwierzęciem roślinożernym i dość dobrze znosi długotrwały brak wody.

Występowanie

Żyje w małych stadach do kilkunastu sztuk na piaszczystych terenach pokrytych ciernistymi krzewami i drzewami Afryki środkowowschodniej w Etiopii i Somalii^[5][2].
Gatunek zagrożony na wyginięcie^[2].

Przypisy

O Dibatag ou gazela-de-Clarke (Ammodorcas clarkei) é um antílope encontrado nas savanas do leste da Etiópia e do norte da Somália.^[1]

Referências

Lamagasell (Ammodorcas clarkei) är en art i underfamiljen gasellantiloper och den enda arten i släktet Ammodorcas. Djuret kallas även för dibatag som kommer från det somaliska språket och som betyder "upprätt svans". Namnet syftar på djurets vana att hålla svansen upprätt när den går.

Gasellen har långa smala ben. Därför betraktades den tidigare som en nära släkting till giraffgasellen men denna släktskap blev inte påvisad. Den har en gråaktig ovansida och en vit undersida. Extremiteterna har inslag av brun och pannan är rödaktig. De kort 20 centimeter långa hornen finns bara hos hannar. Kroppens längd ligger mellan 152 och 168 centimeter, mankhöjden vid 85 centimeter och vikten mellan 22 och 31 kilogram.

Arten är endemisk för ökenområdet Ogaden vid gränsen mellan Etiopien och Somalia. Den är sällsynt och räknas av IUCN som sårbar (vulnerable).

Lamagasellen livnär sig främst av blad och ställer sig ofta på sina bakre extremiteter för att nå födan. Hannar har ett revir som markeras hela tiden. De bildar grupper som består av en hanne, flera honor och deras ungdjur.

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 7 januari 2009.

• Bernhard Grzimek: Grzimeks Tierleben. band 13.
• Jonathan Kingdon: The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals.

1. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/1141 Ammodorcas clarkei på IUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Heckel, J.-O. et. al. (2008), besökt 18 februari 2009.

Externa länkar

• Ytterligare information på engelska och utbredningskarta

Linh dương đuôi thẳng (danh pháp hai phần: Ammodorcas clarkei) là một loài linh dương đặc hữu Ethiopia và Somalia. Dù không phải linh dương gazelle thực sự, chúng về ngoài tương tự, với chân và cổ dài. Chúng cũng thường bị gần lẫn với linh dương Gerenuk. Chiều dài đầu-thân điển hình là khoảng 103 đến 117 cm (41 đến 46 in). Chiều cao khi dứng 80 đến 90 cm (31 đến 35 in). Con đực nặng chừng 20 đến 35 kg (44 đến 77 lb), còn con cái 22 đến 29 kg (49 đến 64 lb). Tên gọi quốc tế (dibatag) của loài này bắt nguồn trong tiếng Somali, có nghĩa là "chiếc đuôi cương thẳng".

Hình ảnh

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Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

Phương tiện liên quan tới Antilopinae tại Wikimedia Commons

Царство: Животные

Подцарство: Эуметазои

Без ранга: Двусторонне-симметричные

Без ранга: Вторичноротые

Тип: Хордовые

Подтип: Позвоночные

Инфратип: Челюстноротые

Надкласс: Четвероногие

Класс: Млекопитающие

Подкласс: Звери

Инфракласс: Плацентарные

Надотряд: Лавразиотерии

Отряд: Парнокопытные

Подотряд: Жвачные

Семейство: Полорогие

Подсемейство: Настоящие антилопы

Род: Дибатаги (Ammodorcas Thomas, 1891)

Вид: Дибатаг

Уязвимые виды
IUCN 3.1 Vulnerable: 1141

• 1 Описание
• 2 Распространение
• 3 Образ жизни
• 4 Примечания
• 5 Литература

二名法 Ammodorcas clarkei
(Thomas, 1891)

沙羚（Ammodorcas clarkei）别名克拉克的瞪羚，生活与埃塞俄比亚和索马里的半沙漠草原地带。沙羚并不是真正的瞪羚。当它们受到惊吓时，它们的黑尾巴就会往上翘。其英文名dibatag来源于索马里语，意思是“直尾巴”。

參考

• Ammodorcas clarkei. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 1996.
• Ammodorcas clarkei. Integrated Taxonomic Information System （英语）.

参见

• 羚羊亚科

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=沙羚&oldid=25388743”

ディバタグ 保全状況評価 VULNERABLE
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 哺乳綱 Mammalia 目 : ウシ目 Artiodactyla 亜目 : ウシ亜目 Ruminantia 科 : ウシ科 Bovidae 亜科 : ブラックバック亜科 Antilopinae 族 : ブラックバック族　Antilopini 属 : ディバタグ属 Ammodorcas 種 : ディバタグ A. clarkei 学名 Ammodorcas clarkei
(Thomas, 1891) 和名 ディバタグ 英名 Clarke's gazelle
Dibatag

ディバタグ（Ammodorcas clarkei）は、ウシ科ディバタグ属に分類される偶蹄類。本種のみでディバタグ属を構成する。

分布[編集]

エチオピア東部、ソマリア^[1][2]

形態[編集]

体長150-170cm^[2]。尾長30-36cm^[1]。肩高80-88cm^[1][2]。体重20-32kg^[1][2]。頸部は非常に長い^[1][2]。尾は細長く先端は踵に達し、基部の断面は円形^[1]。背面の毛衣は赤や赤紫がかった灰褐色で、眼の周囲や腹面、臀部の毛衣は白い^[1][2]。正中線および吻端から眼にかけて暗赤褐色の筋模様が入り、これらの筋模様の間に白い筋模様が入る^[1][2]。

脳頭蓋（眼窩より後方の頭骨）は顔面頭蓋（眼窩後端より前の部分）の1/3と短い。^[1]眼下部にある臭腺（眼下腺）は眼窩の中にある^[1][2]。吻端の体毛が無く露出した板状の皮膚（鼻鏡）は狭く、上唇は突出し可動性がある^[1][2]。四肢は非常に長い^[1][2]。後肢基部の内側（鼠蹊腺）や蹄の間（蹄間腺）には臭腺が無い^[1][2]。

オスにのみ後方へ湾曲した後に先端が前方へ向かう、「く」やアルファベットの「L」字状の角がある^[1]。角長25-34cm^[1]。角の基部は断面が円形で、5-10の節がある^[1]。乳頭の数は4^[1]。

生態[編集]

サバンナ、雨季には草原にも生息する^[2]。単独やペア、もしくはオス1頭、メス3-5頭からなる小規模な群れを形成し生活する^[1]。薄明薄暮性で、昼間は木陰や茂みの中で休む^[2]。危険を感じると頸部や尾を直立させ反らしながら逃げる^[1][2]。和名や英名（Dibatag）は「尾を立てる」という意味のソマリ語に由来する^[1]。

食性は植物食で、主に木の芽や葉を食べるが、草や果実も食べる^[1][2]。高い場所にある木の葉は後肢だけで直立しながら食べる^[1]。

繁殖形態は胎生。妊娠期間は12か月^[2]。主に3-5月に1回に1頭の幼獣を産む^[2]。

人間との関係[編集]

放牧、紛争、毛皮目的の乱獲などにより生息数は激減している^[2]。また旱魃によっても生息数が減少している^[2]。エチオピアでは1971年に法的に狩猟が禁止されているが、密猟される事もある^[2]。

関連項目[編集]

ウィキスピーシーズにディバタグに関する情報があります。

• ウシ科
  • ブラックバック亜科

参考文献[編集]

[ヘルプ]

• 今泉吉典監修 D.W.マクドナルド編 『動物大百科4 大型草食獣』、平凡社、1986年、141頁。

外部リンク[編集]

• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • Heckel, J.-O., Wilhelmi, F., Kaariye, X.Y. & Amir, O.G. 2008. Ammodorcas clarkei. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1.

この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:生き物と自然／プロジェクト:生物）。

「https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ディバタグ&oldid=60315216」から取得

클라크가젤 또는 디바타그영양(영어: Ammodorcas clarkei)은 우제목/경우제목에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.^[3] 에티오피아와 소말리아의 토착종으로 보통 크기의 가늘고 긴 영양이다.

계통 분류

다음은 2019년 주라노(Zurano) 등의 연구에 기초한 영양족의 계통 분류이다.^[4]

영양족    

라피케루스속

     

베이라영양속

   

작은영양속

         

프로카프라속

     

오리비영양속

     

사이가산양속

       

스프링복속

   

게레눅속

       

인도영양속

       

에우도르카스속

   

다마가젤속

     

가젤속

               

각주