Cambarus girardianus Faxon 1884

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus Faxon

Cambarus Girardianus Faxon, 1884:117–119, 145; 1885a:59, 78–79, 84, 160, 174, 178, pl. IV: fig. 1, pl. IX: fig. 2a, a': 1885b:359.—Underwood, 1886:369.

Cambarus extraneus girardianus.—Faxon. 1898:650; 1914:422.—Harris, 1903a:59, 97, 98, 146, 151, 154.—Ortmann, 1931: 97.—Fleming, 1938:300.

Cambarus girardianus.—Hay, 1899b:959, 966.—Steele, 1902:7.—Harris, 1903a:98—Ortmann, 1931:97–104.—Rhoades, 1944:136—Hobbs, 1956c:115; 1968b:K-17.—Anonymous, 1970c:35, 36, 38—Bouchard, 1974:41: 1976a:571–575 [in part]; 1976b:585–596 [in part]. Hart and Hart, 1974:63, 75. 136, 138, 141.—Wharton. 1978: 220*.

Cambarus extraneus.—Ortmann, 1905b:310–311 [in part]; 1931:97–105, 141 [in part].—Rhoades, 1944:136 [in part].—Fleming, 1938:299 301 [in part]; 1939:311 [in part].—Hobbs, 1956c: 115, 120* [in part]; 1959:896* [in part].—Hobbs, and Hart, 1966:50.

Cambarus (Bartonius) girardianus.—Ortmann, 1931:97.

Cambarus longulus longirostris.—Ortmann, 1931:123* [in part].—James, 1966:9–13, 21, fig. 2b [in part, probably all of those populations with a “saddle pattern” as illustrated in fig. 2b].

Cambarus extraneus Girardanius.—Fleming, 1938:299 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus.—Hobbs. 1969a: 106. 141*, figs. 10*. 18 1; 1972b: 120*, 146*, 154*, figs. 89c. 104a; 1974b: 16*. fig. 47.—Hobbs and Bouchard, 1973:47 [by implication].—Bouchard, 1976a:572, 574, 575 [in part]; 1976b:588, 592* [in part].—Hobbs and Walton, 1977:602, 609, 612.

Cambarus longirostris.—Anonymous, 1970c: (42, 43, 45, 49 52)*.

The above synonomy is believed to be complete except for records of this species misidentified as Cambarus longulus longirostris from Tennessee and North Carolina. Those references marked with an asterisk denote at least the mention of Georgia.

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE PERTAINING TO GEORGIA.—The first notice of the occurrence of this species in Georgia is that of Ortmann (1931:123), who recorded it from South Chickamauga Creek, Ringgold, Catoosa County, as Cambarus longulus longirostris. In a report of a biological investigation of Tennessee Basin streams in northwestern Georgia, Anonymous (1970c) cited seven localities for this species (based on my misidentifications) in the Chickamauga Creek basin as Cambarus longirostris. No other specific localities have been cited, although all of the above references bearing an asterisk note that the species occurs in the state.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum with or without marginal spines or tubercles. Postorbital ridge terminating cephalically in short spine or very small tubercle. Suborbital angle well developed and usually acute. Cervical spine ranging from well-developed spine to low subspiniform tubercle. Areola 2.7 to 4.0 times as long as broad and constituting 32.5 to 37.1 (rarely as much as 36.0 or less than 33.5) percent of entire length of carapace and 41.1 to 44.7 (one specimen 45.8) percent of postorbital carapace length. Chela always with well-defined row of tubercles along mesial margin of palm (sometimes with traces of adjacent second row dorsolaterally), and almost always with conspicuous setal tuft at mesial base of fixed finger; lateral margin of propodus rounded to weakly costate. Hook on ischium of third pereiopod often opposed by tubercle on basis. Pleura of third through fifth pereiopods subtruncate ventrally and angulate caudoventrally. First pleopod of first form male with central projection rather short, bearing distinct subapical notch, and recurved at approximately 110 to 120 degrees to main shaft of appendage; mesial process inflated, seldom with acute tip, and directed caudally at about 90 degrees. Terga of abdomen with broad, median, caudally tapering dark stripe extending from first tergum to or onto telson, and pleura always with broadly U-shaped (ventrally concave) dark band at base, thus forming scalloped line extending along bases of pleura.

COLOR NOTES (Figure 58c).—Rostral margins yellowish to bright orange, area between them and most of gastric area brown suffused with orange; mandibular adductor regions with chocolate reticulations anteriorly, their posterior parts, much of posterior gastric region, and cervical groove dark brown. Postorbital ridges cream with orange suffusion. Hepatic region mostly pinkish cream to cream with white tubercles and few small irregular gray markings. Orbital region and narrow area along ventral hepatic regions straw brown. Antennal and mandibular regions cream, latter suffused with brown. Areola tan. Branchiostegites largely pale orange tan fading ventrally to pinkish cream and bearing white granulations, but brown adjacent to cervical groove and similarly colored patch surrounding cervical tubercle; chocolate saddle covering caudal part of carapace, bar very narrow but flaring conspicuously ventrolaterally. Abdominal terga with broad dark brown median stripe extending from first segment to or onto anterior region of telson; stripe narrowing and becoming paler posteriorly; pleura white anteroventrally, and all with U-shaped chocolate band at base, together forming longitudinal scalloped line extending from first through sixth segments. Telson and uropods rather uniformly tan, and each ramus of latter with small brown spot at base, sutures and margins orange to orange tan. Antennular and antennal peduncle olive with pinkish cream markings, latter more cream than olive; flagella pale olive with brown bands; antennal scale with pinkish brown lateral margin, lamellar area pinkish cream with longitudinal brown band flanking thickened lateral pinkish area, distolateral spine cream with corneous reddish brown tip. Dorsum of palm of chela olive tan with light brown reticulations and orange cream tubercles. Fingers also pale olive proximally, fading distally; distal third of finger orange cream with reddish brown corneous tips; tubercles and lateral surface of propodus cream to orange cream; dorsodistal part of merus and entire dorsal, mesial, and lateral surfaces of carpus with same color and markings as palm. Remaining pereiopods mostly cream but dorsal area of merus through proximal part of propodus pinkish cream. Venter, third maxillipeds, and ventral surface of chelipeds also pinkish cream.

TYPES.—Syntypes, MCZ 3560 (II, ), USNM 4882 (II, 2).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cypress Creek, Lauderdale County, Alabama.

RANGE.—The Tennessee River basin from northeastern Mississippi to Georgia and northward at least to the vicinity of Knoxville. In Georgia, it is known only from the basins of Lookout, Chattanooga, and Chickamauga creeks in Dade, Walker, Catoosa, and Whitfield counties.

GEORGIA SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—A total of 479 specimens have been examined by me from 29 localities (Figure 60) in the area cited immediately above.

VARIATIONS (Figure 63).—While considerable variation exists among the specimens at hand, particularly in the ornamentation (spines and tubercles) of the chelipeds and in the degree of development of the cervical spine—which may be well developed or reduced to a small tubercle—none of these variations have been invariably correlated with a part of any of the three drainage basins. In Lookout Creek, however, the cervical spine ranges from a small tubercle to a well-developed spine; in Chattanooga Creek it may be absent or represented by a small subspiniform tubercle; and in Chickamauga Creek, it is absent or, at most, reduced to a small rounded tubercle. In contrast, the rostrum of specimens from Lookout and Chattanooga creeks bear marginal spines or tubercles, or, at least, the acumen is set off from the rest of the rostrum by distinct angles. In specimens from Chickamauga Creek, however, the rostrum tapers from its base to the tip of the acumen; rarely is there an angle at the base of the latter. The color pattern shows little variation except that occasionally the dorsomedian dark stripe on the abdomen is very pale, but the scalloped line along the base of the pleura always furnishes a ready means for separating this species from the other members of the subgenus occurring in Georgia.

SIZE.—The largest specimen available is a first form male having a carapace length of 43.2 (postorbital carapace length 36.3) mm. The corresponding lengths of the smallest first form male are 24.0 (19.5) mm, and those of the smallest ovigerous female, 25.6 (20.6) mm.

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus Faxon

Cambarus Girardianus Faxon, 1884:117; 1885a:78, pl. 4: fig. 1; pl. 9: figs. 2a, 2a′.

Cambarus girardianus.—Faxon, 1898:650.

Cambarus extraneus girardianus.—Faxon, 1898:650.

Cambarus (Bartonius) extraneus girardianus.—Ortmann, 1905c:120 [by implication].

Cambarus (Cambarus) extraneus girardianus.—Fowler, 1912: 341 [by implication].

Cambarus extraneus Girardianus.—Fleming, 1938:299.

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus.—Hobbs, 1969b: 106, figs. 10, 18l.

TYPES.—Syntypes, MCZ 3560 ( II, ), USNM 4882 (II, 2 ).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cypress Creek, Lauderdale County, Alabama.

RANCE.—Tennessee River drainage system in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee.

HABITAT.—Streams.

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus Faxon

Cambarus Girardianus Faxon 1884:117; 1885a:78, pl. 4: fig. 1, pl. 9: fig. 2a, 2a′.

Cambarus girardianus.—Faxon 1898:650.

Cambarus extraneus girardianus.—Faxon 1898:650.

Cambarus (Cambarus) extraneus girardianus.—Fowler, 1912:341 [by implication].

Cambarus (Bartonius) girardianus.—Ortmann, 1931:97.

Cambarus extraneus Girardanius.—Fleming, 1938:299 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus.—Hobbs, 1969b:106, figs. 10, 181; 1974b:16, fig. 47; 1981:162, figs. 22f, 58c, 60, 62, 63, 209.

TYPES.—Syntypes, MCZ 3560 (male II, female), USNM 4882 (male II, 2 female).

TYPE LOCALITY.—Cypress Creek, Lauderdale County, Alabama.

RANGE.—Tennessee River drainage system from northeastern Mississippi to Georgia and northward to the vicinity of Knoxville, Tennessee. Possibly the dominant Hiaticambarus in the upper Coosa Basin in Alabama is referable to this species.

HABITAT.—Streams.