Biology
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An insectivore, the trefoil horseshoe bat catches its prey by 'perch hunting'; it hangs from a branch at a height of around three metres above the forest floor, with a clearing beneath, and waits for insects to pass. Once it has detected them using echolocation, emitted from the noseleaf, it drops from the perch and pursues the insect, returning to a hanging position to eat it (2) (3). This species uses long pulses of a constant frequency to detect the flutter of an insect's wings (4).
The trefoil horseshoe bat gives birth to a single pup which it suckles for several months before the pup is able to fly and catch insects alone. The pup begins life weighing two to five grams; a large proportion of its mother's weight. By one year of age it is fully grown and ready to have a pup of its own (3).
Conservation
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Deforestation for agriculture, particularly for oil palm plantations in recent years in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, is an issue of major concern for many forest-dwelling species, even within so-called protected areas. Regarding oil palm, some companies and large retailers have agreed to source palm oil from sustainable sources via a certification process developed by the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil. The principal criterion relevant to biodiversity is that new plantations have not been established on land of High Conservation Value (6). Many scientific and charitable groups contribute to bat monitoring and local education programmes that can help to reduce persecution and raise awareness of the natural assets of the land (3).
Description
provided by Arkive
This striking and charismatic bat is identifiable by its yellow noseleaf and long, soft, fluffy, greyish-brown fur. The elbows, knees and ears are also yellow, deepening in colour with age. The wings are a light, almost orangey, brown, and the membrane also stretches between the hind legs, enclosing most of the tail. As a member of the horseshoe bat family, the noseleaf of this species is shaped like a horseshoe, with a projection that looks somewhat like a horn above it called the connecting process (3). This probably serves to focus the ultrasonic pulses during echolocation. The ears are large to receive the echoes (4).
Habitat
provided by Arkive
Occupying forests, including peat swamp and mangroves, the trefoil horseshoe bat feeds amongst the vegetation of the understorey and roosts there alone under dead leaves and palms. It has also been found in caves (2).
Range
provided by Arkive
The trefoil horseshoe bat is historically recorded in Brunei, north east India, south west Thailand, Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah), Singapore, Burma, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Island, Banka Island and Nias Island (Indonesia), but updated surveys are required to confirm populations (1) (5).
Status
provided by Arkive
Classified as Lower Risk / Least Concern (LR/lc) on the IUCN Red List (1).
Threats
provided by Arkive
The predominant threat to the trefoil horseshoe bat is habitat loss by deforestation for timber or agriculture. Extensive amounts of forest have been lost in the last 20 years due to a rapid increase in land devoted to commodity agriculture (for example cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rice and rubber). In Malaysia and Indonesia there has recently been a large amount of deforestation in order to produce oil palm. Together, Malaysia and Indonesia export 88 percent of the world's palm oil, for use in products such as margarine, lipstick and detergent. Deforestation continues at a steady rate for conversion to agricultural land and building communities, and despite the contribution of many bats in the control of insect crop pests, persecution of bats is also a threat (6).
Ratpenat de ferradura trifoliat
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Catalan; Valencian
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Ratpenat de ferradura trifoliat: Brief Summary
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Catalan; Valencian
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provided by wikipedia CA
El ratpenat de ferradura trifoliat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels rinolòfids. Viu a la Xina, l'Índia, Indonèsia, Malàisia, Myanmar i Tailàndia. El seu hàbitat natural és el bosc humit tropical primari i secundari de terres baixes. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectada per la desforestació.
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Trefoil horseshoe bat
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The trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. In Borneo locally common up to 1,800m, including mangroves.[2]
Description
Rhinolophus trifoliatus is a medium-sized horseshoe bat with a forearm 47–52 millimetres (1.9–2.0 in) long and weighing 10.5–18 grams (0.37–0.63 oz)[3] This bat has fluffy, pale grey fur, with a yellow nose leaf and ear membranes.[2]
Ecology and Behaviour
R. trifoliatus is caught in the understory of primary and secondary rainforest.[3] This species is thought to be solitary, with individuals observed roosting underneath exposed leaves. As with the neotropical Ectophylla alba it is thought that their pale fur may be an adaptation to make them camouflaged when roosting, as sunlight filtering through the leaf will make them appear green.
References
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Trefoil horseshoe bat: Brief Summary
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The trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. In Borneo locally common up to 1,800m, including mangroves.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Rhinolophus trifoliatus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Rhinolophidae.
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra en Brunéi, India, Indonesia, Malasia, Birmania, México, Tailandia.
Referencias
- SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus: Brief Summary
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Spanish; Castilian
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provided by wikipedia ES
Rhinolophus trifoliatus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Rhinolophidae.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus: Brief Summary
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
Rhinolophus trifoliatus Rhinolophus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Rhinolophidae familian sailkatuta dago.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
(
Italian
)
provided by wikipedia IT
Rhinolophus trifoliatus (Temminck, 1834) è un Pipistrello della famiglia dei Rinolofidi diffuso nel Subcontinente indiano e nell'Ecozona orientale.[1][2]
Descrizione
Dimensioni
Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 62 e 65 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 45 e 56 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 30 e 35 mm, la lunghezza del piede di 13 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 22 e 27 mm e un peso fino a 20 g.[3]
Aspetto
La pelliccia è lunga, densa e arricciata. Le parti dorsali variano dal bruno-giallastro al grigio-brunastro mentre le parti ventrali sono grigio-brunastre chiare. Le orecchie sono gialle e di lunghezza media. La foglia nasale è gialla e presenta una lancetta molto lunga e leggermente stretta sotto la punta, un processo connettivo basso, una sella stretta con due linguette circolari sui lati della base. La porzione anteriore è larga. Il labbro inferiore ha un solco longitudinale profondo. Le membrane alari sono bruno-giallastre con i gomiti e il polso giallastri. La coda è lunga e si estende leggermente oltre l'ampio uropatagio il quale ha il margine esterno marcato di giallo. Il primo premolare superiore è piccolo e situato lungo la linea alveolare.
Ecolocazione
Emette ultrasuoni ad alto ciclo di lavoro con impulsi a frequenza costante di 50-54 kHz.
Biologia
Comportamento
Si rifugia singolarmente sotto le grandi foglie di alberi come la palma da cocco.
Alimentazione
Si nutre di insetti.
Riproduzione
Si riproduce una volta l'anno.
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa in India, Cina, nell'Indocina meridionale e in Indonesia fino al Borneo.
Vive nelle foreste umide primarie e secondarie fino a 1.800 metri di altitudine.
Tassonomia
Sono state riconosciute 4 sottospecie:
Stato di conservazione
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica R.trifoliatus come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Note
-
^ a b c (EN) Hutson, A.M., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008, Rhinolophus trifoliatus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
-
^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Rhinolophus trifoliatus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
-
^ Smith & Xie, 2008.
Bibliografia
- Charles M.Francis, A Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia, Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780691135519.
- Andrew T.Smith & Yan Xie, A guide to the Mammals of China, Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780691099842.
- C.Srinivasulu, Paul A.Racey & Shahroukh Mistry, A key to the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of South Asia (PDF), in Journal of Threatened Taxa, vol. 2, n. 7, 2010, pp. 1001-1076 (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º novembre 2012).
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus: Brief Summary
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Italian
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provided by wikipedia IT
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Rhinolophus trifoliatus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hoefijzerneuzen (Rhinolophidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Temminck in 1834.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
09-08-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Rhinolophus trifoliatus[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Coenraad Jacob Temminck 1834. Rhinolophus trifoliatus ingår i släktet Rhinolophus och familjen hästskonäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Beskrivning
Som alla hästskonäsor har arten flera hudflikar kring näsan, delvis med ett hästskoliknande utseende. Hos denna art är hudflikarna gula. Dessa brukas för att rikta de överljudstoner som används för ekolokalisation.[6] Till skillnad från andra fladdermöss som använder sig av överljudsnavigering produceras nämligen tonerna hos hästskonäsorna genom näsan, och inte via munnen.[7] Även de stora öronen är ofta gula. Kroppen är i övrigt täckt med gråspräckligt gråbrun päls, och vingarna är rödbruna.[8] Arten är liten; kroppslängden är mellan 5 och 6,4 cm, ej inräknat den 3 till 4,4 cm långa svansen, underarmslängden (som styr vingbredden) är 4 till 5,7 cm, och vikten varierar mellan 8 och 20 g.[9]
Underarter
Catalogue of Life samt Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan fyra underarter:[4][2]
-
Rhinolophus trifoliatus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834
-
Rhinolophus trifoliatus edax K. Andersen, 1918
-
Rhinolophus trifoliatus niasensis K. Andersen, 1906
-
Rhinolophus trifoliatus solitarius K. Andersen, 1905
Utbredning
Arten förekommer på Malackahalvön, över Thailand till södra Burma samt på Sumatra och Borneo. Flera mindre populationer hittas på andra öar i regionen. Den är dessutom påträffad i sydvästra Kina, i provinsen Guizhou.[1]
Ekologi
Fladdermusen vistas framför allt i låglandet, mera sällan i bergstrakter, upp till 1 800 meter över havet.[1] Habitatet utgörs främst av fuktiga skogar, både urskog, kulturskog och mangroveskogar.[8] Individerna söker ensamma daglega hängande från grenar och lianer på låg höjd (mindre än 3 m)[8], eller under palmblad eller andra stora blad i skogens undervegetation.[1] Arten har vanligen flera sovplatser inom sitt revir, som den regelbundet skiftar mellan.[8]
Rhinolophus trifoliatus är en långsam men skicklig flygare. Den söker främst sina byten, flygande insekter, genom att hänga från någon lämplig gren. När den upptäcker något byte med hjälp av ekolokalisation, sveper den ner och tar det.[8]
Arten parar sig året runt, men de flesta födslarna äger rum i början av året.[6] Honan får en unge, som hon diar i flera månader innan ungen klarar av att flyga och själv fånga insekter.[9]
Källor
- ^ [a b c d e] Hutson, A.M., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008 Rhinolophus trifoliatus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 19 augusti 2016.
- ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Rhinolophus trifoliatus
-
^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
- ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Flann C., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2016). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2016 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2016/search/all/key/rhinolophus+trifoliatus/match/1. Läst 19 augusti 2016.
-
^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
- ^ [a b] Quentin Phillipps och Karen Phillipps (2016) (på engelska). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and Their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Princeton University Press. sid. 102. ISBN 978 0 691 16941 5. https://books.google.se/books?id=0SxzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=Rhinolophus+trifoliatus&source=bl&ots=tJLFg0t9ne&sig=VzvTm_VMy-ydfrItxKb9fSUEuRg&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvwZrKu_PNAhUnYJoKHRS_BrQ4ChDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=Rhinolophus%20trifoliatus&f=false
-
^ Curry-Lindahl, Kai (1988). Däggdjur, groddjur & kräldjur. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 223. ISBN 91-1-864142-3
- ^ [a b c d e] Nick Baker (2016). ”Trefoil Horseshoe Bat”. Ecology Asia. http://www.ecologyasia.com/verts/bats/trefoil-horseshoe_bat.htm. Läst 19 augusti 2016.
- ^ [a b] ”Trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus)” (på engelska). Wildscreen ARKive. Arkiverad från originalet den 15 augusti 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110815105821/http://www.arkive.org/trefoil-horseshoe-bat/rhinolophus-trifoliatus/. Läst 19 augusti 2016.
Externa länkar
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus: Brief Summary
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Swedish
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provided by wikipedia SV
Rhinolophus trifoliatus är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Coenraad Jacob Temminck 1834. Rhinolophus trifoliatus ingår i släktet Rhinolophus och familjen hästskonäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
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Ukrainian
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provided by wikipedia UK
Поширення
Країни поширення: Китай, Індія, Індонезія (Ява, Калімантан, Суматра), Малайзія (півострівна Малайзія, Сабах, Саравак), М'янма, Таїланд. Записаний до висоти 1800 м над рівнем моря у первинних і вторинних тропічних вологих лісах.
Поведінка
Тварини ночують окремо під листям або пальмовим листям в лісовому підліску, і, як вважають, розмножуються один раз на рік.
Загрози та охорона
Цей вид знаходиться під загрозою у більшій частині свого ареалу через вирубування лісів, як правило, в результаті лісозаготівель і перетворення земель в сільськогосподарський оборот. Живе в багатьох охоронних територіях.
Джерела
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus
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Vietnamese
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Rhinolophus trifoliatus: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Rhinolophus trifoliatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi lá mũi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Temminck mô tả năm 1834.
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삼엽형관박쥐
(
Korean
)
provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
삼엽형관박쥐(Rhinolophus trifoliatus)는 관박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 브루나이와 인도, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 미얀마, 싱가포르, 태국에서 발견된다. 보르네오섬 현지에서는 해발 최대 1,800m까지의 망그로브 숲에서 발견된다.[2]
특징
중간 크기의 박쥐로 전완장은 47~52mm이고, 몸무게는 10.5~18g이다.[3] 솜털같은 연한 회색 털이 덮여 있으며, 노란 잎코와 귀 멤브레인을 갖고 있다.[2]
생태 및 습성
삼엽형관박쥐는 열대우림 일차림과 이차림 하층에서 포획되었다.[3] 독거 생활을 하는 종으로 간주되며, 노출된 잎 아래에 거꾸로 매달려 생활하는 모습이 관찰되었다. 신열대구 온두라스흰박쥐와 마찬가지로 희미한 털 색은 잎에 매달려 지낼 때 잎을 통과하는 햇빛이 박쥐를 녹색으로 보이게 함으로써 위장을 할 수 있도록 적응한 결과로 간주된다.
각주
-
↑ Hutson, A.M., Kingston, T., Francis, C., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008, Rhinolophus trifoliatus, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2017.1, IUCN, 2017.
-
↑ 가 나 Phillips, Quentin and Phillips, Karen (2016). Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology. ISBN 9789838121668
-
↑ 가 나 Payne, Junaidi and Francis, Charles (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. ISBN 9679994716
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