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Ratpenat de cua de beina de nas punxegut ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cua de beina de nas punxegut (Taphozous georgianus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Austràlia.[1]

Referències

Enllaços externs

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Ratpenat de cua de beina de nas punxegut: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cua de beina de nas punxegut (Taphozous georgianus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Austràlia.

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Common sheath-tailed bat

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The common sheathtail bat (Taphozous georgianus), is a bat in the family Emballonuridae, occurring in northern Australia.

Taxonomy

A description of the species was first published in 1915 by Oldfield Thomas, his notes on two bat genera resulting in a new subspecies Taphozous australis georgianus.[3][4] The taxon was included in a revision by Ellis Le Geyt Troughton (1925)[5] that proposed recognition as a species and this status was acknowledged in 1967.[3] Other recognised generic combinations include Saccolaimus georgianus.[3] The holotype, the skull and skin of a female, is held at the British Museum of Natural History and the locality of the collection noted as King George Sound; the species has not been recorded at this location.[6]

Common names also include common sheath-tailed bat[7] or sharp-nosed tomb bat.

Description

The overall colour of the fur is brown or greyish-brown, dark at the back and slightly paler at the front, the basal colour of the hair is creamy.[8][9] Their snout narrows toward the tip.[9] The colour of the lips and bald head is sepia.[6] Fine hairs at the underside of the arms are ginger-grey. The forearm range in measurement from 66 to 74 millimetres, the weight range is 19 to 41 grams.[8] They are no larger than 9 centimetres in length.[9] The outer half is infolded at the edge of the tragus.[6] A pouch is found at the radial-metacarpal, a gular sac is absent,[6] The interfemoral membrane covers most of the tail, the tip is bare and prominent.[8]

The roosting position distinguishes it from similar bats, they lay their body close to the surface with the forearms stretched out and shoulders raising the head up.[8][9] The peculiar posture of the bat is described as crab-like.[6]

It is similar to other sheathtails, smaller than Taphozous troughtoni, which also occurs in northern Queensland, and distinguished from Taphozous hilli of central Australia by the lack of neck pouch (gular sac) in the male and greater interval between the cuspids.[8]

Behaviour

The major activity is hunting and pursuit, its diet is primarily Coleoptera (beetles) although other types of insect are also consumed.[10] As with most bats, Taphozous georgianus hunts at night. Their flight follows straight paths that systematically survey a hunting ground by criss-crossing in a grid pattern. The environs that provide feeding opportunities are over water and bushland, where insects are caught and consumed in flight.[10] They inhabit arid and tropical regions of the northern Australian continent, close to grassland or woodland.[9] A wide variety of habitat provide them with feeding opportunities. In comparison to other bats they patrol at a medium height and are often observed over water bodies such as pools and creeks.[6]

While retiring during the day, the bat lays appressed to the surface of a wall or ceiling of its subterranean site.[10] The colony size is usually small, and the distance between the position of the hanging bats is greater than half a metre.[10] They may also be solitary in a roost, or several individuals, although seventeen in one cave were recorded and collected. At least fifty individuals were seen at each of several mining sites in the Pilbara. The species occupies crevices at vertical faces or at the roof in horizontal mine and caves, and prefers the darkest parts of the site.[6] They may pause from foraging on a rock face, resting close to a crevice that will provide refuge if disturbed.[10]

Breeding

Young are born from October to February, the individual producing a single birth. Only the right ovary appears viable, the fetus is only recorded in the right uterine horn. Spermatogenesis occurs throughout the year, although the testicular position — more abdominal or distended to the scrotum — is seasonally variable.[6] An early study (Kitchener, 1973) concluded that the species seems monoestrous, although the possibility of a second birth remains for a species with a long breeding period. A later revision noted evidence in the specimens may be lacking if the persistence of corpora luteum after birth is short and the specimens examined were able to be assigned to the revising author's later description as another species, Taphozous hilli.[6]

Ecology

The bat is a very common species in its range, in the tropic and subtropic regions of the north and west.[6] They most frequently occupy caves, abandoned mining operations and fissures in rock faces.[10] They also occupy buildings soon after they become vacant; this may have increased opportunities and extended the distribution range. An individual or group's range may vary during the year; they appear to seasonally vacate some residences and relocate to other local sites.[6]

Despite the habit of high flying when commuting, they need to seek water and may encounter ground-level hazards. The species is noted as vulnerable to barbed wire that snags then entangles the animal as it attempts to free itself. Taphozous georgianus and many other species can be hooked through the easily torn wing membranes; many individuals meet with an often slow demise each year from this widely used and discarded fencing material.[8] Other threats include the destruction of roosting areas by mining, disturbance by human intrusion, and introduced land management practices that result in the dilapidation of the local ecology.[10] The state conservation status in Queensland and the Northern Territory is 'least concern'.[9]

Skin punctures by any bat of this region, including this one, carry a risk of exposure to Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) which can result in a rare and fatal rabies-like disease in humans. They are otherwise classified as harmless.[9]

References

  1. ^ Armstrong, K.; Reardon, T. (2017). "Taphozous georgianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21454A22111763. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21454A22111763.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Thomas, O. 1915, "Scientific results from the mammal survey. No. XI K.— Notes on Taphozous and Saccolaimus", Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, vol. 24, pp. 57-63
  3. ^ a b c "Species Taphozous georgianus Thomas, 1915 Common Sheathtail-bat". biodiversity.org.au. Australian Faunal Directory. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  4. ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ^ Troughton, Ellis Le G. (9 April 1925). "A revision of the genera Taphozous and Saccolaimus (Chiroptera) in Australia and New Guinea, including a new species and a note on two Malayan forms". Records of the Australian Museum. 14 (4): 313–341. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.14.1925.850.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chimimba, C.T.; Kitchener, D.J. (1991). "A systematic revision of Australian Emballonuridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera)". Records of the Western Australian Museum. Western Australian Museum. 15 (1): 203–265.
  7. ^ Van Dyke, S. and Strahan, R. (eds.) (2008) The Mammals of Australia, Third Edition, New Holland / Queensland Museum, Brisbane ISBN 978-1-877069-25-3
  8. ^ a b c d e f Richards, G.C.; Hall, L.S.; Parish, S. (photography) (2012). A natural history of Australian bats : working the night shift. CSIRO Pub. pp. 18, 19, 106, 151. ISBN 9780643103740.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Taphozous georgianus : Common Sheathtail-Bat". bie.ala.org.au. Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Common Sheathtail Bat, Scientific name: Taphozous georgianus". The Australian Museum. 2018-10-23. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
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Common sheath-tailed bat: Brief Summary

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The common sheathtail bat (Taphozous georgianus), is a bat in the family Emballonuridae, occurring in northern Australia.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Taphozous georgianus es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Emballonuridae.

Distribución geográfica

Es endémica de Australia.

Referencias

  1. Reardon, T. y McKenzie, N. (2008). «Taphozous georgianus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2011.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 15 de marzo de 2012.
  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (E ds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.

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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Taphozous georgianus es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Emballonuridae.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Basque )

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Taphozous georgianus Taphozous generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Thomas (1915) 24 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 62. or..

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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Taphozous georgianus Taphozous generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago

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Taphozous georgianus ( Italian )

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Taphozous georgianus (Thomas, 1915) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi endemico dell'Australia.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 75 e 89 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 66 e 75 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 22,9 e 39,4 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 9,8 e 14,7 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 17 e 24 mm e un peso fino a 51 g.[3][4][5]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è corta. Le parti dorsali sono marroni, mentre le parti ventrali sono leggermente più chiare e grigiastre. La testa è relativamente piatta e triangolare, il muso è conico, con una depressione tra gli occhi e privo di peli. È privo della sacca golare, mentre è presente una sacca ghiandolare tra l'avambraccio ed il primo metacarpo. Il labbro inferiore è attraversato un solco longitudinale superficiale. Gli occhi sono relativamente grandi. Le orecchie sono triangolari con la punta smussata, rivolte all'indietro, separate tra loro, con diverse pieghe sulla superficie interna del padiglione auricolare. Il trago è corto, largo e con l'estremità leggermente arrotondata, mentre l'antitrago è lungo, semi-circolare e si estende quasi fino all'angolo posteriore della bocca. Le membrane alari sono lunghe, strette, color bruno seppia e semi-trasparenti. La coda è lunga e fuoriesce dall'uropatagio a circa metà della sua lunghezza. Il calcar è lungo.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia nelle fenditure rocciose, grotte e ambienti simili dove forma colonie fino a 100 individui. Durante il riposo mantiene una posizione insolita aggrappata alle pareti con gli avambracci allargati.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di insetti.

Riproduzione

Gli accoppiamenti avvengono tra la fine di agosto e gli inizi di settembre. Le femmine danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta tra la fine di novembre e gli inizi di dicembre.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nella parte settentrionale degli stati australiani dell'Australia occidentale, Territorio del Nord e Queensland. È inoltre presente su diverse isole costiere tra le quali Groote Eylandt.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la tolleranza a dicversi tipi di habitat e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica T.georgianus come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Reardon, T. & McKenzie, N. 2008, Taphozous georgianus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Taphozous georgianus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Chimimba & Kitchener, 1991.
  4. ^ Menkhorst & Knight, 2001.
  5. ^ Richards & Hall, 2012.

Bibliografia

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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Taphozous georgianus (Thomas, 1915) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi endemico dell'Australia.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Taphozous georgianus is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Taphozous.

Kenmerken

Net als andere schedestaartvleermuizen heeft deze soort een puntig gezicht en brede oren. De ogen zijn groot. De rug is bruin, de onderkant wat grijzer. Ook het gezicht is bruin. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 75 tot 89 mm, de voorarmlengte 66 tot 75 mm, de oorlengte 17 tot 24 mm en het gewicht 19,5 tot 51 g.

Leefwijze

Het dier slaapt alleen of in kleine groepen in grotten of mijnschachten en eet insecten (vooral kevers), die op de vleugel worden gevangen. Boven de vegetatie of water vliegt deze soort. In november of december wordt een enkel jong geboren.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor in Noord-Australië, van Carnarvon (West-Australië) tot de kust van Queensland. De spitsneusgrafvleermuis (Taphozous troughtoni), een zeldzame soort uit Noordwest-Queensland, wordt soms ook tot T. georgianus gerekend.

Literatuur

  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
  • Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Taphozous georgianus is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Taphozous.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Portuguese )

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Taphozous georgianus é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
  • REARDON, T.; McKENZIE, N. 2008. Taphozous georgianus. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 15 de dezembro de 2008.
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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Taphozous georgianus é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Endêmica da Austrália.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Swedish )

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Taphozous georgianus[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Thomas 1915. Taphozous georgianus ingår i släktet Taphozous och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss.[4][5] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]

Utseende

Arten är med 66 till 74 mm långa underarmar och med en vikt av 19 till 41 g en ganska stor gravfladdermus. Pälsen på ovansidan bildas av hår som är krämfärgade nära roten och sedan mörkbruna. På undersidan förekommer lite ljusare päls. Som hos andra familjemedlemmar bryter svansen genom svansflyghudens ovansida. Hannar av Taphozous georgianus saknar däremot säckformiga kroppsdelar på strupen som hos andra gravfladdermöss omsluter en körtel. På vingarnas undersida nära armarna finns gråbruna hår.[6]

Djurets kroppslängd (huvud och bål) är 75 till 90 mm och svansen är 20 till 30 mm lång.[7]

Utbredning

Arten förekommer med två från varandra skilda populationer i norra och nordvästra Australien. Fladdermusen lever även på flera australiska öar i samma region. Habitatet varierar men Taphozous georgianus behöver alltid klippor i närheten på grund av att den vilar i grottor eller bergssprickor. Där sover den ensam, i mindre flockar eller sällan i större kolonier med cirka 100 medlemmar.[1]

Ekologi

Taphozous georgianus flyger ofta hög över marken för att nå områden med byten. Jakten sker ofta ovanför buskar eller vattenansamlingar med hjälp av ekolokalisering. Den fångar skalbaggar och andra insekter med flygmembranen. Därför flyger fladdermusen i raka linjer som bildar ett rutnät över området.[6]

Tidpunkten för ungarnas födelse är beroende på utbredningsområdet och ligger mellan oktober (senvåren på södra jordklotet) och april (hösten). Honan föder vanligen en unge efter cirka fyra månader dräktighet. Ungen väger vid födelsen 7 till 8 g och har redan päls samt öppna ögon. Ungdjur av Taphozous georgianus blir efter tre till fyra veckor självständiga. Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter 9 månader och för hannar efter 21 månader.[6]

Under den kalla årstiden intar arten tidvis ett stelt tillstånd (torpor). Den vaknar lätt vid störningar.[6]

Status

För arten finns inga allvarliga hot och den förekommer i flera naturskyddsområden. Regionalt begränsad kan gruvdrift nära grottorna förekomma. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Taphozous georgianus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Taphozous georgianus
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (14 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/taphozous+georgianus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b c d] ”Common sheath-tailed bat”. ARKive. 2012. Arkiverad från originalet den 16 mars 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180316153520/https://www.arkive.org/common-sheath-tailed-bat/taphozous-georgianus/. Läst 16 mars 2018.
  7. ^ Moro & MacAulay. ”A Guide to the Mammals of Barrow Island”. Chevron. sid. 30. Arkiverad från originalet den 19 januari 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170119055459/https://www.chevronaustralia.com/docs/default-source/publications/gorg0016-nature-book_mammals_final.pdf?sfvrsn=0. Läst 16 mars 2018.

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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Taphozous georgianus är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Thomas 1915. Taphozous georgianus ingår i släktet Taphozous och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Ukrainian )

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Taphozous georgianus — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.

Поширення

Країни поширення: Австралія. Цей вид зустрічається в різних середовищах проживання, де є скелясті райони. лаштує сідала в ущелинах, печерах і подібних середовищах проживання поодинці або невеликими групами, однак, колонії до 100 тварин були зареєстровані. Самиці зазвичай народжують одне дитинча.

Загрози та охорона

Здається, немає серйозних загроз для цього виду. Зустрічається в багатьох охоронних територіях.

Посилання


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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Taphozous georgianus — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.

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Taphozous georgianus ( Vietnamese )

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Taphozous georgianus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1915.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Taphozous georgianus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết dơi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Taphozous georgianus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Taphozous georgianus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1915.

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대꼬리박쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

대꼬리박쥐(Common sheath-tailed bat)[2] 또는 날카로운코무덤박쥐(sharp-nosed tomb bat, Taphozous georgianus)는 대꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다.[3] 오스트레일리아에서 발견된다.

각주

  1. Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. Taphozous georgianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
  2. Van Dyke, S. and Strahan, R. (eds.) (2008) The Mammals of Australia, Third Edition, New Holland / Queensland Museum, Brisbane ISBN 978-1-877069-25-3
  3. Simmons, N.B. (2005). 〈Order Chiroptera〉 [박쥐목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 312–529쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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대꼬리박쥐: Brief Summary ( Korean )

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대꼬리박쥐(Common sheath-tailed bat) 또는 날카로운코무덤박쥐(sharp-nosed tomb bat, Taphozous georgianus)는 대꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 오스트레일리아에서 발견된다.

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