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Biology

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Inhabits lakes and rivers (Ref. 56749). Locally consumed; kept alive until processing, and the skin and internal organs are removed before cooking (Ref. 56749).
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Christine Marie V. Casal
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial
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Pao palembangensis

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Pao palembangensis[2] (formerly Tetraodon palembangensis), is a species of freshwater pufferfish native to Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. Its commonly called the humpback puffer or dragon puffer. It is bred for aquaria as an ornamental fish because of its beautiful skin colouration and pattern.

Description

Unengored individual

Living in alkalescent, warm (24–28°), and slow-flowing rivers, Pao palembangensis is a distinct fish. It grows to a length of 19.4 centimetres (7.6 in) SL, with both sexes having a similar body size, but the male having a much larger rear hump.[3] It is the largest member of its genus, and the third-largest freshwater pufferfish, only being outsized by the Fahaka[4] and Mbu pufferfish[5] puffers. It is chocolate-brown, with a pale mottled underbelly and an elongated head. The large eyes of this fish are a distinct orange. As a pufferfish its body contains the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX),[6] and it can swell up to three times its normal size as a defence mechanism when threatened.[7] Having a small genome size (362Mb), a chromosome-scale genome assembly of P. palembangensis was sequenced as part of the Fish10K subproject of the Earth BioGenome Project.[8]

Behaviour

It was previously thought to be an ambush predator but it is now believed that is not the case. P. palembangensis is an active hunter that pursues sleeping aquatic prey. It is a nocturnal fish as evidence by its large eyes, increased nightly activity, and daytime sleep.[9].

References

  1. ^ Daniels, A. (2020). "Pao palembangensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T91348632A91348644. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T91348632A91348644.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Kottelat, M. (2013): The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2013, Supplement No. 27: 1–663.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2012). "Tetraodon palembangensis" in FishBase. October 2012 version.
  4. ^ "size". fishbase. 2 December 1852. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  5. ^ "size". fishbase. 2 December 1852. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  6. ^ Saitanu, Kriengsag; Laobhripatr, Suchart; Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit; Sangwanloy, Orapan; Sudhasaneya, Suthida; Anuchatvorakul, Boossakorn; Leelasitorn, Somkriat (1991-01-01). "Toxicity of the freshwater puffer fish Tetraodon fangi and T. palembangensis from Thailand". Toxicon. 29 (7): 895–897. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90226-H. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1926188.
  7. ^ Saitanu, Kriengsag; Laobhripatr, Suchart; Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit; Sangwanloy, Orapan; Sudhasaneya, Suthida; Anuchatvorakul, Boossakorn; Leelasitorn, Somkriat (1991-01-01). "Toxicity of the freshwater puffer fish Tetraodon fangi and T. palembangensis from Thailand". Toxicon. 29 (7): 895–897. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90226-H. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1926188.
  8. ^ Zhang, Rui; Li, Chang; Yu, Mengjun; Huang, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Mengqi; Liu, Shanshan; Pan, Shanshan; Xue, Weizhen; Wang, Congyan; Mao, Chunyan; Zhang, He (2021). "Chromosome-level genome assembly of the humpback puffer, Tetraodon palembangensis". Gigabyte. 2021: 1–12. doi:10.46471/gigabyte.17.
  9. ^ "the beast of nations". aquaradiss. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
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Pao palembangensis: Brief Summary

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Pao palembangensis (formerly Tetraodon palembangensis), is a species of freshwater pufferfish native to Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. Its commonly called the humpback puffer or dragon puffer. It is bred for aquaria as an ornamental fish because of its beautiful skin colouration and pattern.

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Pao palembangensis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El Pao palembangensis[3]​ es una especie de pez actinopeterigio de agua dulce,[4]​ de la familia de los tetraodóntidos.[5]

Usos

Es inofensivo para los humanos y se pesca para consumo, aunque con una importancia comercial pequeña.[4]​ Para su consumo deber ser mantenido vivo hasta el momento de cocinarlo, y la piel y los órganos internos se eliminan antes de cocinarlos.[6]​ Usado en algunas ocasiones en acuariofilia.[1]

Morfología

Con el cuerpo típico de los peces globo de agua dulce de su familia, la longitud máxima descrita fue de un macho de 19'4 cm.[7]

Distribución y hábitat

Se distribuye por ríos y lagos del sureste de Asia,[6]​ en Laos, Tailandia, Malasia e Indonesia.[4]​ Son peces de agua dulce tropical, de comportamiento demersal[4]​ La deforestación y la degradación de sus haábitats son las principales amenazas para este pez, necesitándose más estudios.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c Vidthayanon, C. (2012). «Monotrete palembangensis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2017.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 17 de mayo de 2018.
  2. Bleeker, P., 1851. «Bijdrage tot de kennis der Pleuronecteoïden van den Soenda-Molukschen archipel». Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 24(9): 1–28.
  3. "Pao palembangensis". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en mayo de 2018. N.p.: FishBase, 2018.
  4. a b c d Kottelat, M., 2013. «The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries». The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2013 (Suppl. 27):1-663.
  5. "Tetraodontidae". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en mayo de 2018. N.p.: FishBase, 2018.
  6. a b Kottelat, M. y E. Widjanarti, 2005. «The fishes of Danau Sentarum National Park and the Kapuas Lakes area, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia». Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):139-173.
  7. Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari y S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. «Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi». Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p.

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Pao palembangensis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El Pao palembangensis​ es una especie de pez actinopeterigio de agua dulce,​ de la familia de los tetraodóntidos.​

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Tetraodon palembangensis ( Basque )

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Tetraodon palembangensis Tetraodon generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Tetraodontidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Tetraodon palembangensis FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Tetraodon palembangensis: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Tetraodon palembangensis Tetraodon generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Tetraodontidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Pao palembangensis ( French )

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Pao palembangensis est une espèce de poissons d'eau douce de la famille des Tetraodontidae.

Répartition, habitat

Pao palembangensis est un poisson d'eau douce qui se rencontre dans les lacs et les rivières d'Asie (Laos, Thaïlande, Malaisie et Indonésie)[3].

Description

Pao palembangensis peut mesurer jusqu'à 194 mm[3].

Pao palembangensis et l'Homme

Aquariophilie

Cette espèce est couramment proposé dans les commerces d'aquariophilie. L'aquarium sera décoré essentiellement de sable et de rochers. C'est un poisson peu agressif mais qui n'est pas grégaire. Il se comporte également très bien avec d'autres espèces d'eau douce tropicale[réf. nécessaire].

Gastronomie

Pao palembangensis est consommé localement. Il est conservé vivant jusqu'à sa consommation. Sa peau et ses organes internes sont retirés avant sa préparation[3].

Étymologie

Son épithète spécifique, composée de palembang et du suffixe latin -ensis, « qui vit dans, qui habite », lui a été donnée en référence au lieu de sa découverte, Palembang, la capitale de la province de Sumatra du Sud en Indonésie[4].

Notes et références

Bibliographie

  • Hervé Chaumeton, Les poissons d'aquarium, Solar, coll. « Guide vert », 1988, 384 p. (ISBN 2-7242-3769-2), Tetraodon palembangensis, page 180
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Pao palembangensis: Brief Summary ( French )

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Pao palembangensis est une espèce de poissons d'eau douce de la famille des Tetraodontidae.

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