dcsimg

Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Bulbous, perennial herbs. Leaves basal, linear, margin smooth, undulate, ciliate or papillose. Flowers in a simple raceme, often secund, green or brown. Bracts present. Perianth of 6 segments in 2 whorls of 3; fused below, forming a tube; lobes of 3 outer segments usually spreading; apex hooded and, in some species, abruptly narrowed into a tail-like appendage; inner similar but with no appendage and often connivent with only the tip curved outwards. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-locular. Capsule ovoid. Seeds flat, round, black, shiny, papillose.
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Dipcadi Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=349
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Dipcadi ( German )

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Dipcadi ist eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Spargelgewächse (Asparagaceae).

Beschreibung

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Illustration aus Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Tafel 1468 von Dipcadi brevifolium
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Kapselfrüchte und Samen von Dipcadi serotinum

Vegetative Merkmale

Die Dipcadi-Arten sind ausdauernde krautige Pflanzen. Als Überdauerungsorgane bilden sid unterirdischen Zwiebeln, die papierige oder leicht fleischige Zwiebelschuppen besitzen. Die gleichzeitig mit oder nach den Blüten erscheinenden Laubblättern sind linealisch bis bandförmig und selten etwas sukkulent.

Generative Merkmale

Auf einem raltiv langen Blütenstandsschaft befindet sich ein lockerer, ähriger Blütenstand.

Die zwittrigen Blüten sind dreizählig. Die Blütenhülle ist weiß, grünlich, gelblich oder bräunlich und häufig glauk. Ihre in zwei deutlich verschiedenen Kreisen angeordneten Perigonblätter sind an ihrer Basis miteinander verwachsen und bilden eine Röhre. Die äußeren, ausgebreitet-aufsteigenden Perigonblätter tragen ein fadenförmiges bis kräftig kegelförmiges Anhängsel. Die inneren, an ihren Spitzen aufsteigenden oder ausgebreiteten Perigonblätter setzen die Perigonröhre fort. Die Staubfäden sind an ihrer Basis mit der Perigonröhre verwachsen. Der sitzende Fruchtknoten enthält zahlreiche Samenanlagen.

Die Kapselfrüchte sind „membranartig“. Die abgeflachten Samen sind geflügelt.

Systematik und Verbreitung

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Blütenstand von Dipcadi longifolium
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Blütenstand des Schweifblatt (Dipcadi serotinum)
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Habitus und Laubblätter des Schweifblatt (Dipcadi serotinum)
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Dreizählige Blüte von Dipcadi ursulae

Die Gattung Dipcadi ist in Südeuropa, auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, im tropischen bis südlichen Afrika, auf Madagaskar und im südlichen Indien verbreitet.

Die Gattung Dipcadi wurde 1790 durch Friedrich Kasimir Medikus in Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae, Band 6, S. 431 aufgestellt.[1] Der botanische Name der Gattung leitet sich vermutlich vom ursprünglich orientalischen Namen für Arten ab, die heute in die Gattung Traubenhyazinthen (Muscari) eingeordnet werden. Synonyme für Dipcadi Medik. sind Zuccangnia Thunb. (1798, nom. rej. ICBN-Artikel 56.1), Uropetalon Burch. ex Ker Gawl. (1816, nom. superfl. ICBN-Artikel 61.1), Polemannia P.J.Bergius ex Schltdl. (1826), Baeoterpe Salisb. (1866) und Tricharis Salisb. (1866).

Die Gattung Dipcadi gehört zur Tribus Ornithogaleae in der Unterfamilie Scilloideae innerhalb der Familie Asparagaceae. Sie wurde in die Familien Hyacinthaceae sowie Liliaceae gestellt.[2]

Die Gattung Dipcadi umfasst etwa 41 Arten:[3][4]

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Friedrich Kasimir Medikus: Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae. Band 6, Mannheim 1790, S. 431. eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche
  2. Dipcadi im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. a b c Artenliste zu Dipcadi in der Red List of South African Plants
  4. a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Dipcadi. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 17. April 2020.

Weblinks

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Dipcadi: Brief Summary ( German )

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Dipcadi ist eine Pflanzengattung in der Familie der Spargelgewächse (Asparagaceae).

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Dipcadi

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Dipcadi serotinum - MHNT

Dipcadi is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae).[2] It is widely distributed, occurring in southern Europe, most of Africa and the Middle East through to the Indian subcontinent.[1]

Description

Species of Dipcadi grow from small bulbs. The solitary flower stem (scape) bears a loose raceme of green or brown flowers, sometimes with different colours at the tips of the three inner tepals. The raceme is usually one-sided (secund). The tepals are joined at the base for up to two thirds of their length to form a tube. The apices of the tepals then curve outwards, particularly the outer three. The outer three tepals may have a rounded "spur" at their tips. The stamens, which are enclosed within the flower, are joined to the tube formed by the tepals and have flat filaments. The black seeds are in the shape of a disc or a flattened globe.[3][4]

Dipcadi serotinum, from south-west Europe and north Africa, although sombre in colour, is sometimes cultivated by gardeners specializing in ornamental bulbous plants.[5]

Systematics

The genus was named by Friedrich Kasimir Medikus in 1790, based on the species Linnaeus had called Hyacinthus serotinus. Medikus distinguished Dipcadi from Hyacinthus because of the former's many flattened seeds and tubular flowers.[6] Along with three other genera, Albuca, Ornithogalum sensu lato and Pseudogaltonia, Dipcadi is placed in the tribe Ornithogaleae (or subfamily Ornithogaloideae by those who recognize the Scilloideae as the separate family Hyacinthaceae).[7]

Species

As of March 2013, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognized 41 species and one hybrid:[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Dipcadi", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-03-28
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), "Asparagales: Scilloideae", Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, retrieved 2013-03-28
  3. ^ "Dipcadi Raf.", eMonocot, archived from the original on 2013-04-19, retrieved 2013-03-28
  4. ^ Martinez-Azorin, Mario; Crespo, Manuel B.; Juan, Ana; Fay, Michael F. (2011), "Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement", Annals of Botany, 107 (1): 1–37, doi:10.1093/aob/mcq207, PMC 3002468, PMID 21163815, p. 15
  5. ^ Grey-Wilson, Christopher & Mathew, Brian (1981), Bulbs : the bulbous plants of Europe and their allies, London: Collins, ISBN 978-0-00-219211-8, p. 116
  6. ^ Ghazanfar, Shahina A. (1996), "The Genus Dipcadi (Hyacinthaceae) in the Arabian Peninsula", Kew Bulletin, 51 (4): 803, doi:10.2307/4119738
  7. ^ Manning, John C.; Forest, Félix; Devey, Dion S.; Fay, Michael F.; Goldblatt, Peter (2009), "A molecular phylogeny and a revised classification of Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on an analysis of four plastid DNA regions", Taxon, 58 (1): 77–107, JSTOR 27756826
  8. ^ Search for "Dipcadi", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2013-03-28
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Dipcadi: Brief Summary

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Dipcadi serotinum - MHNT

Dipcadi is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae). It is widely distributed, occurring in southern Europe, most of Africa and the Middle East through to the Indian subcontinent.

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Dipcadi ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Frutos y semillas de Dipcadi serotinum

Dipcadi es un género de plantas herbáceas, perennes y bulbosas perteneciente a la subfamilia Scilloideae en la familia Asparagaceae. Tiene unas 40 especies aceptadas de las casi 200 descritas.[2]

Descripción

Presenta bulbos con túnicas externas membranosas; los escapos son simples. Presenta todas las hojas basales, las flores, que son trímeras se disponen en racimos bracteados, divaricadas, y poseen un periantio campanulado, con tépalos unidos en el tercio inferior. El androceo tiene 6 estambres insertos hacia el tercio inferior de los tépalos, con filamentos aplastados y anteras medifijas, introrsas, incluidas. El estigma es trilobado. El fruto es una cápsula membranosa, con varias semillas por lóculo.

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Friedrich Kasimir Medikus y publicado en Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae, vol. 6, p. 431, 1790.[3]​ La especie tipo es: Dipcadi serotinum, (L.) Medik.

Etimología
*Dipcadi : Aunque el creador del género nada dice sobre del origen del nombre, Dodonaeus, en 1569, al referirse a ciertas especies de Hyacinthus, recalca que, frecuentemente, los italianos, usando un vocablo «bárbaro», las llaman «dipcadi»; y Lobelius, en 1576, describe como Dipcadi especies de Hyacinthus y Muscari. Tendría un origen árabe/persa, de tibr qarīh, oro puro, por el color amarillento/dorado del perigonio.[4]

Especies aceptadas

Usos

Hay especies (por ejemplo D. erythraeum) usadas como estimulante cardíaco y expectorante.[6]

Referencias

  1. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3763 Archivado el 21 de septiembre de 2012 en Wayback Machine. (30 August 2013)
  2. a b Dipcadi en The Plant List, vers. 1.1, 2013
  3. «Dipcadi». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 28 de agosto de 2013.
  4. Dipcadi en Flora Ibérica, CSIC/RJB, Madrid, 2013
  5. Herbage Plants Web
  6. a b Plants for a Future - Edible, medicinal and useful plants for a healthier world Web
  7. a b c d e f g h Flora of Zimbabwe Web
  8. Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental. B. Valdés, S. Talavera, E. Fenández-Galiano; Ed. KETRES Editora S.A.

Bibliografía

  1. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.

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Dipcadi: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src= Frutos y semillas de Dipcadi serotinum

Dipcadi es un género de plantas herbáceas, perennes y bulbosas perteneciente a la subfamilia Scilloideae en la familia Asparagaceae. Tiene unas 40 especies aceptadas de las casi 200 descritas.​

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Dipcadi ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Dipcadi: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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 src= Dipcadi serotinum

Dipcadi is een geslacht uit de aspergefamilie. De soorten komen voor in Zuid-Europa, Afrika, het Midden-Oosten en India.

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Dipcadi ( Portuguese )

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Dipcadi serotinum - MHNT

Dipcadi é um género botânico pertencente à família Asparagaceae.[1][2]

Espécies

Referências

  1. «Dipcadi» (em inglês). The Plant List. 2010. Consultado em 14 de agosto de 2014
  2. Missouri Botanicaal Garden (2014). Tropico, ed. «Dipcadi» (em inglês). Consultado em 14 de agosto de 2014
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Dipcadi: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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 src= Dipcadi serotinum - MHNT

Dipcadi é um género botânico pertencente à família Asparagaceae.

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Dipcadi ( Vietnamese )

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Dipcadi là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Asparagaceae.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Dipcadi”, World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, truy cập ngày 28 tháng 3 năm 2013
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Dipcadi. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 7 năm 2013.

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Dipcadi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Dipcadi là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Asparagaceae.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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