dcsimg

Cyclemys ( Czech )

provided by wikipedia CZ

Cyclemys je rod sladkovodních želv z čeledi batagurovití. Rod se vyskytuje v celé jihovýchodní a jižní Asii a v současné době má sedm druhů.

Rod nebyl formálně posouzen IUCN s ohledem na objev, že rod obsahuje více druhů, než se předpokládalo, a přesto, že čelí rostoucí hrozbě nelegálního obchodu s divokou zvěří a ztráty lokality.

Popis

Dorůstají se v průměru délky 25 cm. Jejich karapax je na povrchu podobný s listy rostlin. Obývají okolí mělkých, pomalu se pohybujících vodních ploch v lesích v kopcích. Dospělí přebývají především na souši, mladé želvy jsou většinu času ve vodě.

Vyznačují se kulatým tvarem karapaxu, který je obvykle tmavě zelené, hnědé, světle hnědé, nebo olivové barvy. Krunýř může mít významný páteřní kýl, který má od hlavy až k ocasu. Zoubkované okrajové štítky jsou běžné u mláďat. U dospělých mají zubaté pouze zadní okrajové štítky.[1] Odlišující vlastnost rodu je sekundární rozdělení břišních štítků zhruba uprostřed plastronu.[2]

Cyclemys patří k podřádu Cryptodira, u kterého umí želvy vytáhnout hlavu rovně a vertikálně zpět do krunýře, místo jejího skládání bokem, jako u podřádu Pleurodira. Zbarvení hlavy je různé druh od druhu od jednotvárného k pruhovanému s jasně červenými, nebo oranžovými pruhy. Plastron může mít tmavou nebo světlou (hnědé až žlutou) barvu.[1] Nohy jsou částečně opatřeny plovací blánou a dobře vyvinuté pro pohyb ve vodě i na souši.[3]

Pohlavní dospělosti dosahují v 7 až 12 letech, dříve samci než samice.[1][4] Sexuální dimorfismus se u nich málokdy projevuje, i když samice pravděpodobně vyrostou trochu víc než samci.[5][6] Samice obvykle snáší deset až patnáct vajec do hnízda.[7]

Rozšíření a potrava

Rozšíření řady jednotlivých druhů Cyclemys zůstávají nejasné, ale rod se vyskytuje v jižní Asii a Indočíně (ve Vietnamu, Myanmaru, Laosu, Kambodži, Barmě, Thajsku, jižní Číně, Bangladéši, Nepálu a severovýchodní Indii), stejně jako v jihovýchodní v Asii v Malajsii, Indonésii, Bruneji a na Filipínách.[5]

Jsou všežraví, ale mladé želvy jsou více masožravé. Protože je jejich kořist většinou ve vodě, jsou mladé želvy ve vodě častěji než u dospělí.[3]

Druhy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Cyclemys na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. a b c MELSTROM, Keegan. Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831). Redakce Dr. Kenneth Angielczyk. [s.l.]: Encyclopedia of Life, November 17, 2009. Dostupné online. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite book}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  2. PRASCHAG, Peter; HUNDSDÖRFER, Anna K.; FRITZ, Uwe. Further specimens and phylogenetic position of the recently described leaf turtle species Cyclemys gemeli (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press, 2009. Dostupné online [cit. March 29, 2011]. ISSN 1175-5334. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite journal}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  3. a b TABAKA, Chris; SENNEKE, Darrell. Genus: Cyclemys (Asian Leaf Turtles) [online]. World Chelonian Trust, January 28, 2003 [cit. 2011-03-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite web}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  4. Paul Coleman. The Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata) [online]. UKchelonia.info, 1995 [cit. 2011-03-29]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite web}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  5. a b Fritz, U., Guicking, D., Auer, M., Sommer, R. S., Wink, M. and Hundsdörfer, A. K. (2008), Diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys: how many leaves on its tree of life?. Zoologica Scripta, 37: 367–390. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00332.x
  6. KAREN A., Jensen; INDRANEIL, Das. Biological Observations on the Asian Soft-Shell Turtle in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, with notes on the Biology and Conservation of other Non-marine Turtles. Testudo. British Chelonia Group, 2006. Dostupné online [cit. March 30, 2011]. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite journal}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  7. FRANKLIN, Carl J. Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History 245 Million Years in the Making. [s.l.]: Voyageur Press, 2007. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-0-7603-2981-8. (anglicky) Je zde použita šablona {{Cite book}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.
  8. biolib.cz - Cyclemys

Externí odkazy

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CZ

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Czech )

provided by wikipedia CZ

Cyclemys je rod sladkovodních želv z čeledi batagurovití. Rod se vyskytuje v celé jihovýchodní a jižní Asii a v současné době má sedm druhů.

Rod nebyl formálně posouzen IUCN s ohledem na objev, že rod obsahuje více druhů, než se předpokládalo, a přesto, že čelí rostoucí hrozbě nelegálního obchodu s divokou zvěří a ztráty lokality.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CZ

Cyclemys

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyclemys is a genus of freshwater turtles, commonly referred to as Asian leaf turtles, from the family Geoemydidae. The genus occurs throughout Southeast and South Asia, and currently contains seven species.

Asian leaf turtles average 25 cm (9.8 in) in length. They are mostly brown to greenish in color, with round to rectangular shells. Their carapaces bear a superficial resemblance to plant leaves, hence their common name. They can be found around shallow, slow-moving bodies of water in hilly forests. Adults are primarily terrestrial, though juveniles are more aquatic.

Taxonomy and nomenclature

Cyclemys turtles belong to the family Geoemydidae under the subfamily Geoemydinae. They were first described in 1834 by English zoologist Thomas Bell in his work A Monograph of the Testudinata.[2][3] Cyclemys and closely related genera (Cuora, Pyxidea, and Notochelys) are believed to have diverged from a common Heosemys-like ancestor.[4][5][6]

The characteristic round carapace of the genus, shown here by an adult Cyclemys dentata

Cyclemys taxonomy and phylogeny have been historically difficult to ascertain due to the morphological similarity between species, as well as changes in the color patterns during growth.[7] Until recently, the genus was thought to comprise only one or two morphologically variable species, C. dentata and C. oldhamii.[1][8] Subsequent investigation has now put the number of species under the genus to seven, though this remains controversial. The status of C. enigmatica as a valid species is contested, as is the recognition of C. atripons and C. pulchristiata, both of which are nearly impossible to tell apart morphologically.[1][9]

Previously recognized species, C. tcheponensis ( = C. tiannanensis) and C. shanensis, have been merged into C. oldhamii following mtDNA sequencing. The conclusions of which showed that the morphological differences between them (the presence or absence of neck/head stripes, and hatchling color patterns) were not enough to classify them as separate species.[1] C. ovata has been similarly subsumed into C. dentata.[10]

The two distinct morphological differences between Cyclemys species are based on the main color of their plastrons - species with yellow bellies (C. atripons, C. dentata, and C. pulchristiata), and species with dark bellies (C. enigmatica, C. fusca, C. gemeli, and C. oldhamii).[1]

Synonyms of Cyclemys (ex errore) include: Cyclemus Li, Cyclemis Good, and Cyclemy Mao.[11]

The generic name Cyclemys comes from the Greek κύκλος (kyklos, meaning 'round' or 'circle', referring to the shape of the carapace) and εμύς (emys; 'freshwater turtle').[12] They are known under the common name Asian leaf turtles or simply leaf turtles, again because of the appearance of their carapaces. They share the collective name 'leaf turtles' with turtles of the genus Geoemyda, as well as turtles with 'leaf' in their names, such as the Annam leaf turtle (Mauremys annamensis), among others.[12][13] 'Asian leaf turtle' is also the specific common name of C. dentata.

Description

The pattern of scutes on the carapace (upper left) and plastron (upper right) of the shell of Cyclemys: Shown in broken lines are the secondary divisions of the abdominal scutes, a distinguishing characteristic of the genus which only occurs in adults.

Cyclemys turtles are characterized by more or less round carapaces, which are typically dark green, brownish, tan, or olive in color. The shell may have a prominent vertebral keel running from head to tail. Serrated marginal scutes are common in juveniles. In adults, only the posterior marginal scutes are serrated.[14]

Adults of Cyclemys also develop a joint in the middle of their plastrons (known as a plastral hinge), enabling them to articulate the front and rear halves to some extent. Unlike the closely related Cuora, which can completely close its shell because of the hinge,[15] Cyclemys plastral hinges only close the shell partially.[6][16] The plastral hinge may also play a significant role in facilitating egg-laying in adult females.[13]

A distinguishing characteristic of the genus is the secondary division of the abdominal scutes (the middle pair of scutes in the plastron) due to the development of the plastral hinge as the turtle matures. It eventually leads to the formation of small triangular additional scutes between the abdominal and pectoral scutes.[17]

Cyclemys turtles are cryptodires, having the ability to pull their heads straight back and vertically into their shells instead of folding them sideways like pleurodires. The head varies between species from dull to striped with bright red or orange bands of color. The plastron can have a dark or light (tan to yellow) background which can be uniform or patterned with fine lines radiating from the center of each plastral scute.[14]

Their feet are partially webbed and well developed for either aquatic or terrestrial mobility. They can grow to about 25 cm (9.8 in) in length.[12]

Cyclemys species achieve sexual maturity after seven to 12 years, earlier for males and later for females.[14][18] Sexual dimorphism is apparently mostly absent, though females are likely to outgrow males.[1][19] Females usually deposit 10 to 15 eggs per clutch.[13]

Lifespan

A C. dentata individual has been recorded living up to 14.7 years in captivity.[20] However, an adult specimen caught in the wild has also been recorded living another 14 years, making it likely that the maximum lifespan of Cyclemys species has been underestimated.[21]

Distribution and habitat

A Cyclemys turtle along a perennial stream (Upper Dikorai) in Pakke Tiger Reserve

The distribution ranges of individual species of Cyclemys remain unclear, but the genus occurs in South Asia and Indochina (Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, central to southern China, Bangladesh, Nepal, and northeastern India), as well as the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines.[1]

Adults spend most of their time on land. They can be found near ponds, streams, and other shallow, slow-moving bodies of water in hilly forests.[12][13] Although more common in lower elevations, they have been found in higher elevations exceeding 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level.[22]

They are omnivorous,[23] but juveniles tend to be more carnivorous. Because their prey are typically aquatic, the younger turtles are found in water more often than adults.[12]

Species

The species are listed alphabetically along with common names, identifying adult characteristics, and known geographical distribution.[11] They are divided into two morphologically distinct groups.[1]

The yellow plastron of a juvenile Cyclemys dentata.

Yellow-bellied species

Dark-bellied species

Several species previously classified under CyclemysC. amboinensis, C. flavomarginata, C. mouhotti, and C. trifasciata – are now classified under the genus Cuora. C. annandalii is now classified under Heosemys, C. annamensis under Mauremys, and C. giebelii as Notochelys platynota.[10]

Conservation

Cyclemys species are often caught and sold for the pet trade, food, or traditional medicine.[24] On August 25, 1998, Forest Protection authorities of Vietnam confiscated a shipment of about 700 turtles with an estimated 30 individuals of C. oldhamii.[25] In May 2007, more than 3000 individuals of Cyclemys, along with Asian box turtles, were confiscated in hundreds of crates in Yangjiang, China.[26]

The most commonly encountered species of Cyclemys in the pet trade, C. dentata, is now being captive bred. They are usually preferred, as they are healthier, more acclimated to handling, and captive breeding minimizes the impact on wild populations.[12][27]

The confusion over their exact taxonomy and distribution led to an incomplete assessment of their conservation status by the IUCN.[8] In 1991, with only two species recognized, Cyclemys was given the Action Plan Rating of 3 - in need of some conservation action.[28] In the last assessment in 2000 by the Asian Turtle Trade Working Group of IUCN, the different species currently recognized under the genus Cyclemys were treated as all belonging to the species C. dentata. This resulted in the current incorrect classification of all of the species as lower risk/near threatened.[8] Until now, the true conservation status, the actual effects of wildlife trade, deforestation, and habitat loss on individual Cyclemys species, have yet to be studied.[14][22]

See also

Wikispecies has information related to Cyclemys.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclemys.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Fritz, U.; Guicking, D.; Auer, M.; Sommer, R. S.; Wink, M.; Hundsdörfer, A. K. (2008). "Diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys: how many leaves on its tree of life?" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 37 (4): 367–390. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00332.x. S2CID 85899075.
  2. ^ Gray, John Edward (1855). Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History).
  3. ^ Fritz, Uwe; Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia (2010). "Chelonian type specimens at the Oxford University Museum" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1 (19). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  4. ^ Honda, Masanao; Yasukawa, Yuichirou; Hirayama, Ren; Ota, Hidetoshi (2002). "Phylogenetic Relationships of the Asian Box Turtles of the Genus Cuora sensu lato (Reptilia: Bataguridae) inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences" (PDF). Zoological Science. 19 (11): 1305–1312. doi:10.2108/zsj.19.1305. hdl:2241/104116. PMID 12499674. S2CID 45461277. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  5. ^ Zhang, Yanyun; Nie, Liuwang; Huang, Yuqing; Pu, Youquang; Zhang, Li (2009). "The Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Comparison Studies of Four Hinged Turtles and its Phylogentic Significance of the Genus Cuora Sensu Lato (Testudinata: Geoemydidae)". Genes and Genomics. 31 (5): 349–359. doi:10.1007/BF03191253. S2CID 8082431.
  6. ^ a b Bramble, Dennis M. (1974). "Emydid Shell Kinesis: Biomechanics and Evolution". Copeia. 1974 (3): 707–727. doi:10.2307/1442685. JSTOR 1442685.
  7. ^ Fritz, Uwe; Fritz, UWE (2008). "Historical DNA from museum type specimens clarifies diversity of Asian leaf turtles (Cyclemys)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 94 (1): 131–141. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00966.x.
  8. ^ a b c Asian Turtle Trade Working Group 2000. Cyclemys dentata. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Version 2010.4. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  9. ^ Artner, H. (2008). "The World's Extant Turtle Species" (PDF). Emys. 15 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  10. ^ a b Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 149–368. ISSN 1864-5755. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 1, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  11. ^ a b Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (Rhodin, A.G.J., van Dijk, P.P, Iverson, J.B., and Shaffer, H.B.).2010. Turtles of the World, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5. pp. 000.85-000.164, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010
  12. ^ a b c d e f Tabaka, Chris; Senneke, Darrell (January 28, 2003). "Genus: Cyclemys (Asian Leaf Turtles)". World Chelonian Trust. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  13. ^ a b c d Franklin, Carl J. (2007). Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History 245 Million Years in the Making. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2981-8.
  14. ^ a b c d Melstrom, Keegan (November 17, 2009). Dr. Kenneth Angielczyk (ed.). Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831). Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  15. ^ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2002). North American Box Turtles: A Natural History. Animal Natural History. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8061-3501-4.
  16. ^ "Asian Leaf, Yellow-headed Temple, Striped-necked Leaf, & Borneo Black Leaf Turtle". Free Pet Care Tips Newsletter. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  17. ^ Praschag, Peter; Hundsdörfer, Anna K.; Fritz, Uwe (2009). "Further specimens and phylogenetic position of the recently described leaf turtle species Cyclemys gemeli (Testudines: Geoemydidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 29 (37). ISSN 1175-5326. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  18. ^ Paul Coleman (1995). "The Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata)". UKchelonia.info. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  19. ^ Karen A., Jensen; Indraneil, Das (2006). "Biological Observations on the Asian Soft-Shell Turtle in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, with notes on the Biology and Conservation of other Non-marine Turtles". Testudo. 6 (3). Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
  20. ^ "AnAge entry for Cyclemys dentata". AnAge database at the Human Ageing Genomic Resources. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  21. ^ Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (2010). "Cyclemys dentata Gray 1831, Lifespan, longevity, and ageing". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  22. ^ a b Rui, Kalu Ram (2004). "Ecological Distribution Of Cyclemys Oldhamii(Gray 1863) From Nepal". Our Nature. 2 (7).
  23. ^ David T. Kirkpatrick (1996). "An Overview of Common Semi-Aquatic Turtles". University of North Carolina. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  24. ^ "Leaf Turtle". Nam Kading Research & Training Centre. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  25. ^ Hendrie, Douglas (November 1, 1998). "Protecting Vietnam's Turtles" (PDF). The New York Turtle and Tortoise Society. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  26. ^ United Nations Environment Programme (2007). Beijing 2008 Olympic games: an environmental review. UNEP Division of Communications and Public Information. ISBN 978-92-807-2888-0.
  27. ^ Hopson, Mary. "Asian Leaf Turtles". The Turtle Puddle. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  28. ^ IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1989). Tortoises and freshwater turtles: an action plan for their conservation. IUCN/WWF. ISBN 978-2-88032-974-7.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Cyclemys: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cyclemys is a genus of freshwater turtles, commonly referred to as Asian leaf turtles, from the family Geoemydidae. The genus occurs throughout Southeast and South Asia, and currently contains seven species.

Asian leaf turtles average 25 cm (9.8 in) in length. They are mostly brown to greenish in color, with round to rectangular shells. Their carapaces bear a superficial resemblance to plant leaves, hence their common name. They can be found around shallow, slow-moving bodies of water in hilly forests. Adults are primarily terrestrial, though juveniles are more aquatic.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Cyclemys ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Cyclemys es un género de tortugas de la familia Geoemydidae. Las especies de este género se distribuyen por el sur y sudeste de Asia.[2]

Especies

Se reconocen las siguientes siete especies:[2]

Referencias

  1. Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Cyclemys (TSN 202096)» (en inglés).
  2. a b Uetz, P. & Jirí Hošek (ed.). «Cyclemys». Reptile Database (en inglés). Reptarium. Consultado el 22 de enero de 2021.
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Cyclemys es un género de tortugas de la familia Geoemydidae. Las especies de este género se distribuyen por el sur y sudeste de Asia.​

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Cyclemys ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Cyclemys Geoemydidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asiako hegoaldean eta hego-ekialdean bizi dira.

Espezieak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Cyclemys Geoemydidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asiako hegoaldean eta hego-ekialdean bizi dira.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Cyclemys ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Cyclemys est un genre de tortues de la famille des Geoemydidae[1].

Répartition

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie du Sud-Est et dans l'est de l'Asie du Sud[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon TFTSG (15 juin 2011)[2] :

Publication originale

  • Bell, 1834 : Characters of a new genus of freshwater tortoise (Cyclemys). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 1834, p. 17 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Cyclemys est un genre de tortues de la famille des Geoemydidae.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Cyclemys ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Cyclemys Bell, 1834 è un genere della famiglia dei Geoemididi[1]. Le tartarughe ad esso ascritte sono originarie dell'Asia sud-orientale e della parte orientale dell'Asia meridionale.

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti specie[1]:

  • Cyclemys atripons Iverson & McCord, 1997 - tartaruga foglia dal ponte nero occidentale
  • Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831) - tartaruga foglia asiatica
  • Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009 - tartaruga foglia enigmatica
  • Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009 - tartaruga foglia del Myanmar
  • Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009 - tartaruga foglia dell'Assam
  • Cyclemys oldhami Gray, 1863 - tartaruga foglia dell'Asia sud-orientale
  • Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz, Gaulke & Lehr, 1997 - tartaruga foglia dal ponte nero orientale

Note

  1. ^ a b Cyclemys, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 2 novembre 2016.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Cyclemys Bell, 1834 è un genere della famiglia dei Geoemididi. Le tartarughe ad esso ascritte sono originarie dell'Asia sud-orientale e della parte orientale dell'Asia meridionale.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Cyclemys ( Malay )

provided by wikipedia MS
Rencana ini ialah mengenai genus yang juga umum dikenali sebagai 'Kura-kura Daun Asia'. Untuk lebih difahami terdapat spesies khusus iaitu 'Cyclemys dentata', sila lihat Kura-kura Bergerigi.

Cyclemys ialah genus kura-kura akuatik yang biasanya merujuk kepada Kura-kura Daun Asia, daripada famili Geoemydidae. Genus ini yang wujud di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan kini mengandungi tujuh spesies. Panjangnya lebih kurang 25 cm (9.8 in). Kebanyakan cangkerangnya berwarna coklat kehijauan dan tempurung (karapasnya) berbentuk seperti daun. Ia tinggal di air cetek dan kawasan hutan. Kura-kura dewasa bersifat kedaratan berbanding kura-kura muda yang lebih bersifat akuatik.

Ciri-ciri

 src=
Corak skuta pada karapas (kiri atas) dan plastron (kanan atas) cangkerang Cyclemys: Garisan putus-putus adalah skuta abdomen yang membezakan setiap genus dewasanya.

Kura-kura Cyclemys mempunyai karapas yang bulat, biasanya hijau gelap, berwarna tan, kekuningan. Cangkerangnya mempunyai jalur vertebral dari kepala ke ekor. Skut marginalnya wujud pada kura-kura muda berbanding dewasa.

Taburan

 src=
Seekor Cyclemys sedang berjemur di tebing sungai di Pakke Tiger Reserve

Taburan setiap spesies Cyclemys masih tidak diketahui, namun genus ini sering dijumpai di Asia Selatan dan Indochina (Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Kemboja, Myanmar, Thailand, tengah dan selatan China, Bangladesh, Nepal, dan timur laut India), serta negara-negara Asia Tenggara seperti Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, dan Filipina.[1]

Taksonomi

Terdapat tujuh spesies:

Spesies plastron kuning

Spesies plastron gelap

Pemuliharaan

Cyclemys ialah spesies yang sering ditangkap dan dijual sama ada di kedai haiwan, dijadikan makanan, atau sebagai ubat tradisional.[2] Pada 25 Ogos 1998, Jabatan Perhutanan Vietnam telah menyita lebih kurang 700 ekor kura-kura termasuklah 30 ekor disahkan sebagai C. oldhamii.[3] Pada bulan Mei 2007, lebih daripada 3000 ekor Cyclemys, bersama dengan Kura-kura Katup Asia, berjaya diselamatkan di Yangjiang, China.[4]

Rujukan

  1. ^
  2. ^ "Leaf Turtle". Nam Kading Research & Training Centre. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 22 Ogos 2011. Dicapai 27 Mac 2011.
  3. ^ Hendrie, Douglas (1 November 1998). "Protecting Vietnam's Turtles" (PDF). Cuc Phuong Conservation Project. Dicapai 29 Mac 2011
  4. ^ United Nations Environment Programme (2007). Beijing 2008 Olympic games: an environmental review. UNEP Division of Communications and Public Information. ISBN 978-92-807-2888-0.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia MS

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Malay )

provided by wikipedia MS
Rencana ini ialah mengenai genus yang juga umum dikenali sebagai 'Kura-kura Daun Asia'. Untuk lebih difahami terdapat spesies khusus iaitu 'Cyclemys dentata', sila lihat Kura-kura Bergerigi.

Cyclemys ialah genus kura-kura akuatik yang biasanya merujuk kepada Kura-kura Daun Asia, daripada famili Geoemydidae. Genus ini yang wujud di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan kini mengandungi tujuh spesies. Panjangnya lebih kurang 25 cm (9.8 in). Kebanyakan cangkerangnya berwarna coklat kehijauan dan tempurung (karapasnya) berbentuk seperti daun. Ia tinggal di air cetek dan kawasan hutan. Kura-kura dewasa bersifat kedaratan berbanding kura-kura muda yang lebih bersifat akuatik.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia MS

Doornschildpadden ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Herpetologie

Doornschildpadden[1] (Cyclemys) zijn een geslacht van schildpadden uit de familie Geoemydidae. De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Thomas Bell in 1834. De wetenschappelijke naam Cyclemys betekent 'rond schild' en verwijst naar het relatief cirkelvormige schild in vergelijking met andere schildpadden.

De verschillende soorten hebben vooral aan de achterzijde van het schild tand-achtige punten aan de hoornplaten die naar achteren staan en het schild doen denken aan een blad. Hierdoor worden de soorten ook wel doornrand- of bladschildpadden genoemd, maar ook soorten uit andere geslachten hebben deze puntige schildrand of worden zo genoemd, bijvoorbeeld Geoemyda- soorten. Bij juveniele dieren is het schild erg plat, bij oudere dieren wordt het steeds boller.

De doornschildpadden komen voor in een groot deel van Azië, van India tot China en van Thailand tot Indonesië, per soort verschilt het verspreidingsgebied echter vrij sterk. De enige soort die op de Filipijnen voorkomt is de Maleisische doornschildpad (Cyclemys dentata).

Taxonomie

Er zijn zeven verschillende soorten. De indeling van de doornschildpadden is vaak veranderd, zodat verschillende bronnen vaak een ander soortenaantal vermelden. De voormalige soort Cyclemys tcheponensis bijvoorbeeld behoorde lange tijd tot het geslacht Geoemyda en wordt tegenwoordig niet meer erkend als soort. De soorten Cyclemys enigmatica en Cyclemys fusca werden pas in 2009 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven.[2]

Geslacht Cyclemys

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. Bernhard Grzimek, Het Leven Der Dieren Deel VI: Reptielen, Kindler Verlag AG, 1971, Pagina 107. ISBN 90 274 8626 3.
  2. Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann, The Reptile Database - Cyclemys.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G. J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer & Roger Bour - Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status - ISSN 10887105 (2014) - Website
  • (en) - C.H. Ernst, R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour - Turtles of the World - Website
  • (en) - Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann - The Reptile Database - Cyclemys - Website Geconsulteerd 28 mei 2015
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Doornschildpadden: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Doornschildpadden (Cyclemys) zijn een geslacht van schildpadden uit de familie Geoemydidae. De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Thomas Bell in 1834. De wetenschappelijke naam Cyclemys betekent 'rond schild' en verwijst naar het relatief cirkelvormige schild in vergelijking met andere schildpadden.

De verschillende soorten hebben vooral aan de achterzijde van het schild tand-achtige punten aan de hoornplaten die naar achteren staan en het schild doen denken aan een blad. Hierdoor worden de soorten ook wel doornrand- of bladschildpadden genoemd, maar ook soorten uit andere geslachten hebben deze puntige schildrand of worden zo genoemd, bijvoorbeeld Geoemyda- soorten. Bij juveniele dieren is het schild erg plat, bij oudere dieren wordt het steeds boller.

De doornschildpadden komen voor in een groot deel van Azië, van India tot China en van Thailand tot Indonesië, per soort verschilt het verspreidingsgebied echter vrij sterk. De enige soort die op de Filipijnen voorkomt is de Maleisische doornschildpad (Cyclemys dentata).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Cyclemys ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV


Cyclemys[1] är ett släkte av sköldpaddor som ingår i familjen Geoemydidae.[1]


Arter enligt Catalogue of Life[1]:

The Reptile Databas listar ytterligare 4 arter i släktet. Däremot listas där Cyclemys tcheponensis som synonym till Cyclemys oldhami.[2]

  • Cyclemys enigmatica
  • Cyclemys fusca
  • Cyclemys gemeli
  • Cyclemys pulchristriata

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (20 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cyclemys/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ Cyclemys, The Reptile Databas, läst 2016-02-21.


Externa länkar

Turtle.svg Denna artikel om sköldpaddor saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Cyclemys: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV


Cyclemys är ett släkte av sköldpaddor som ingår i familjen Geoemydidae.


Arter enligt Catalogue of Life:

Cyclemys atripons Cyclemys dentata Cyclemys oldhami Cyclemys tcheponensis

The Reptile Databas listar ytterligare 4 arter i släktet. Däremot listas där Cyclemys tcheponensis som synonym till Cyclemys oldhami.

Cyclemys enigmatica Cyclemys fusca Cyclemys gemeli Cyclemys pulchristriata
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Листова черепаха ( Ukrainian )

provided by wikipedia UK

Опис

 src=
Карапакс і пластрон листової черепахи

Загальна довжина карапаксу представників цього роду коливається від 21 до 25,4 см. Голова невелика або середнього розміру. Ніс дещо кирпатий. Карапакс доволі плаский, подовжений, розтягнутий у боки. Зверху нагадує листя. Звідси походить назва цих черепах. Уздовж хребта тягнеться кіль. Пластрон великий та широкий. Перетинки між карапаксом й пластроном не дуже розвинені. Листові черепахи мають дрібні трикутні додаткові щитки поміж черевними та грудними щитками. Хвіст доволі довгий.

Голова має яскраво—червоні або помаранчеві смуги чи темні (коричневі, чорні) смужки. Забарвлення карапаксу має темно—зелений, коричневий, оливковий колір. Пластрон рівномірно жовтий з різними відтінками або з візерунком тонких ліній.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляють річки, струмки, ставки у гірських лісах. Зустрічаються на висоті до 1000 м над рівнем моря. харчуються рибою, земноводними, молюсками, рослинами.

Самиці відкладають до 15 яєць.

Є об'єктом полювання. М'ясо цінується місцевими мешканцями, а також черепахи застосовуються у народній медицині.

Розповсюдження

Мешкають у Південній та Південно-Східній Азії.

Види

Джерела

  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. — London
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia UK

攝龜屬 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
模式種 Cyclemys orbiculata
Bell,1834 攝龜屬龜類的分佈。[1]
攝龜屬龜類的分佈。[1]

7,見文內

攝龜屬Cyclemys),或稱齒緣攝龜屬亞洲葉龜,是地龜科下的一個。該屬的都是淡水龜,常見於南亞東南亞地區,現有7

命名

攝龜屬位於地龜科下的地龜亞科中,是由英國動物學家貝爾在1834年首次描述的。[2][3] 攝龜屬及其近緣屬(閉殼龜屬鋸緣攝龜屬果龜屬)被認為都有同樣的東方龜屬祖先。[4][5][6]

 src=
攝龜屬典型的圓形龜殼,這是一隻成年的齒緣攝龜

因為各個之間太過相似,攝龜屬的分類種系發生曾經一時糾纏不清。[7] 很久之後才得出該屬在形態學上只有齒緣攝龜歐氏攝龜這兩個可分辨的類型。[1][8] 再後來才將該屬擴充到有7個種,不過這之中仍有爭議,譬如白舌攝龜黑橋攝龜美麗攝龜的名稱合法性還存在爭議。[1][9][10]

根據線粒體DNA測序,之前確定的條頸攝龜(Cyclemys tcheponensis)和緬甸攝龜(Cyclemys shanensis)都已被合並到歐氏攝龜之下。而其原來所描述的形態學差異並不足以將之劃分為兩個不同的種。[1] 其他一些舊種也做了移動調整。

攝龜屬歸類的區分主要取決於其胸甲的顏色:美麗攝龜、黑橋攝龜、齒緣攝龜的胸甲都是黃色的,而白舌攝龜、灰舌攝龜印度攝龜、歐氏攝龜則是黑的。[1]

攝龜屬的屬名Cyclemys來自於希臘語κύκλος(意為“圓”或者“週期”,指的是它們的龜殼)和εμύς(意為“淡水龜”)。[11] 英語中常稱Asian leaf turtles(亞洲葉龜)或leaf turtles(葉龜),原因就是它們的殼外表與樹葉相似。不過地龜屬擬水龜科安南龜及其他龜類也有稱葉龜的。[11][12]

描述

 src=
龜殼盾板(左上)和胸甲(右上)的圖案,下方則是其腹盾板(只能用於區分成年龜)

攝龜屬的龜可以依靠其的圓與否來區分,其殼的顏色也有深綠、淺褐和橄欖等諸多色彩。齒緣狀的腹側盾板常見於接近成年的攝龜身上,成年龜只有身體後半部份的盾板才有齒緣。[13]

成年攝龜的前後兩部份胸甲會彌合在一起,但不像其親緣閉殼龜屬那樣,[14] 攝龜的胸甲彌合並不完全。[6][15] 這一構造可能有助於成年雌性龜產卵。[12] 這一屬最明顯的特徵之一也就是彌合不完全導致的腹側生出附加的小型三角盾板。[16]

攝龜屬屬於曲頸龜亞目,可以將脖頸直接縮回殼內。有些種類的頭部有紅或橙色條紋,有些則沒有,其胸甲有從中心向四周輻射出的細線。[13] 其足有蹼,適於兩栖,攝龜可以長到25厘米(9.8英寸)長。[11]

攝龜屬的龜在7至12歲時性成熟,雄性要早於雌性。[13][17] 兩性異形在攝龜身上體現得十分明顯。[1][18] 雌性通常一次會產下10至15枚卵。[12]

一隻人工飼養的齒緣攝龜曾活了將近15年,[19] 但是有更加長壽的記錄,因此其實際情況不能確定。[20]

分佈與習性

 src=
印度阿魯那恰爾邦東卡門縣一家虎類保護區內長流河中的攝龜

攝龜屬下各種龜的具體分佈尚不明確,不過其總體常見於南亞東南亞國家。[1]

成年的攝龜大多數時間都生活在陸地上,出沒於池塘、溪流和其他山地叢林的慢流的淺水附近。[11][12] 它們常見於低海拔地區,不過即使海拔1,000米(3,300英尺)以上的地區也有其蹤跡。[21]

攝龜屬的龜是雜食動物[22] 接近成年的個體更偏愛肉食,而又因其偏愛的多是水生生物,故而幼年個體更常見於水中。[11]

攝龜屬的各個種依靠成年體的特徵和已知的地理分佈來區分。[23] 在形態學上主要可分為兩大類。[1]

 src=
一隻接近成年的齒緣攝龜黃色的胸甲

黃腹種

  • 黑橋攝龜Cyclemys atripons Iverson & McCold, 1997):背殼淺紅褐色、橢圓至瘦長、可能有輻射狀黑色圖案。胸甲大多都是黃色的,可能有輻射狀黑色圖案。頭部有斑點,咽部呈黃色。脖頸有條紋。其通用名“黑橋”指的是其胸甲和背殼連接處有黑色條紋或純黑色的彎曲部份(“橋”)。[1][12][24] 出現於柬埔寨泰國南部和越南[10]
  • 美麗攝龜Cyclemys pulchristiata Fritz, Gaulke, and Lehr 1997):背殼淺紅褐色、橢圓至瘦長、可能有輻射狀黑色圖案。胸甲大多都是黃色的,可能有短粗的線條。頭部有斑點,咽部呈黃色。脖頸有條紋。“橋”部呈黃色,有黑色條紋,也有呈純黑色的個體。與黑橋攝龜極為相似,需要用基因採樣才能具體確定。[1][24] 發現於柬埔寨和越南。[1][24]
 src=
歐氏攝龜的背殼(上方)和胸甲(下方),實際上左側的雌性個體大於右側的雄性個體[28]

黑腹種

  • 白舌攝龜Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2008):背殼深黑色或稍微發紅、橢圓形,成年體沒有圖案。胸甲深褐色或黑色,可能有密集的黑色輻射狀圖案。頭部可能是日曬色或者微發紅的褐色,咽部和脖頸都是深色的。“橋”部深褐色或黑色。[1]分佈區與齒緣攝龜重疊。[29][30]
  • 灰舌攝龜Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2008):背殼深黑色、橢圓形,成年體沒有圖案。胸甲深褐色或黑色,可能有密集的黑色輻射狀圖案。頭部淺黃綠色,咽部和脖頸都是深色的。“橋”部深褐色或黑色。[1][16] 發現於緬甸,也可能存在於附近的印度和孟加拉國地區。[31]
  • 印度攝龜Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2008):成年體背殼沒有圖案、瘦長並可能兩邊平行。胸甲沒有圖案,呈深褐色。頭部黑色,咽部和頸部都是深色的。“橋”部也是深褐色的。[1][16]發現於孟加拉國和印度部份地區。[32]
  • 歐氏攝龜Cyclemys oldhamii Gray, 1863):背殼深褐色、矩形、成年體沒有團。胸甲成深褐色或黑色,可能有密集的黑色輻射狀圖案。頭部有斑點,咽部深色。頸部可能有條紋。“橋”部呈黑色或褐色。[1] 發現於柬埔寨、[24] 印度尼西亞、老撾、緬甸、馬來西亞部份地區、泰國、越南、印度部份地區和尼泊爾[21][33]

保護現狀

攝龜屬的龜常備捕捉作為寵物、食物或用作傳統醫藥材料。[34] 2007年5月,中華人民共和國廣東省陽江市查處了藏有超過3000隻攝龜以及閉殼龜的條板箱。[35]

因為命名混亂和區分不易,IUCN的評定工作也不易展開。[8] 1991年,IUCN給出的評價是需要一定的保護。[36] 現在該屬龜類的評級工作仍未完成。[13][21]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Fritz, U., Guicking, D., Auer, M., Sommer, R. S., Wink, M. and Hundsdörfer, A. K. (2008), Diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys: how many leaves on its tree of life?. Zoologica Scripta, 37: 367–390. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00332.x
  2. ^ Gray, John Edward. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History). 1855.
  3. ^ Fritz, Uwe; Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia. Chelonian type specimens at the Oxford University Museum (PDF). Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). 2010, 1 (19) [March 27, 2011].
  4. ^ Honda, Masanao; Yasukawa, Yuichirou; Hirayama, Ren; Ota, Hidetoshi. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Asian Box Turtles of the Genus Cuora sensu lato (Reptilia: Bataguridae) inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences (PDF). Zoological Science (Zoological Society of Japan). 2002, 19 (11): 1305–1312 [March 28, 2011]. PMID 12499674. doi:10.2108/zsj.19.1305.
  5. ^ Zhang, Yanyun; Nie, Liuwang; Huang, Yuqing; Pu, Youquang; Zhang, Li. The Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Comparison Studies of Four Hinged Turtles and its Phylogentic Significance of the Genus Cuora Sensu Lato (Testudinata: Geoemydidae) (PDF). Genes and Genomics (The Genetics Society of Korea). 2009, 31 (5): 349–359 [March 29, 2011]. doi:10.1007/BF03191253.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bramble, Dennis M. Emydid Shell Kinesis: Biomechanics and Evolution. Copeia (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists). 1974, 1974 (3). JSTOR 1442685. 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  7. ^ Fritz, Uwe; Fritz, UWE. Historical DNA from museum type specimens clarifies diversity of Asian leaf turtles (Cyclemys). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (The Linnean Society of London). 2008, 94 (1): 131–141. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00966.x. 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Asian Turtle Trade Working Group 2000. Cyclemys dentata. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  9. ^ Artner, H. The World's Extant Turtle Species (PDF). Emys (Chelonia 2002 - Turtle Center). 2008, 15 (3) [March 27, 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-12). 外部链接存在于|publisher= (帮助)
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys atripons Iverson & McCord, 1997. The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Tabaka, Chris; Senneke, Darrell. Genus: Cyclemys (Asian Leaf Turtles). World Chelonian Trust. January 28, 2003 [March 27, 2011].
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Franklin, Carl J. Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History 245 Million Years in the Making. Voyageur Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7603-2981-8.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Melstrom, Keegan. Dr. Kenneth Angielczyk, 编. Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831). Encyclopedia of Life. November 17, 2009 [March 27, 2011].
  14. ^ Dodd, C. Kenneth. North American Box Turtles: A Natural History. Animal Natural History. University of Oklahoma Press. 2002: 14. ISBN 978-0-8061-3501-4.
  15. ^ Asian Leaf, Yellow-headed Temple, Striped-necked Leaf, & Borneo Black Leaf Turtle. Free Pet Care Tips Newsletter. [March 29, 2011].
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Praschag, Peter; Hundsdörfer, Anna K.; Fritz, Uwe. Further specimens and phylogenetic position of the recently described leaf turtle species Cyclemys gemeli (Testudines: Geoemydidae) (PDF). Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). 2009, 29 (37) [March 29, 2011]. ISSN 1175-5334.
  17. ^ Paul Coleman. The Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata). UKchelonia.info. 1995 [March 29, 2011].
  18. ^ Karen A., Jensen; Indraneil, Das. Biological Observations on the Asian Soft-Shell Turtle in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, with notes on the Biology and Conservation of other Non-marine Turtles. Testudo (British Chelonia Group). 2006, 6 (3) [March 30, 2011]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-21).
  19. ^ AnAge entry for Cyclemys dentata. AnAge database at the Human Ageing Genomic Resources. [March 28, 2011].
  20. ^ Joao Pedro de Magalhaes. Cyclemys dentata Gray 1831, Lifespan, longevity, and ageing. Encyclopedia of Life. 2010 [March 28, 2011].
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Rui, Kalu Ram. Ecological Distribution Of Cyclemys Oldhamii(Gray 1863) From Nepal. Our Nature (Nature Conservation and Health Care Council, Nepal). 2004, 2 (7) [2013-03-16].
  22. ^ David T. Kirkpatrick. An Overview of Common Semi-Aquatic Turtles. University of North Carolina. 1996 [March 28, 2011].
  23. ^ Turtle taxonomy Working Group (Rhodin, A.G.J., van Dijk, P.P, Iverson, J.B., and Shaffer, H.B.).2010. Turtles of the world, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5. pp. 000.85-000.164, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Durkin, Louise; Handschuh, Markus; Sovannak, Keo; Ward, Lizzy; Hulse, Nikki; Mould, Alistair. Discovery of a hitherto unknown breeding population of the Asian leaf turtle Cyclemys aff. atripons in Phnom Kulen National Park, northwestern Cambodia (PDF). Cambodian Journal of Natural History (Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Phnom Penh). 2010, (1) [2013-03-16].
  25. ^ Ali Reza, A.H.M. Natural Resources Management in Bangladesh: Linking National Priority to Global Perspective (PDF). Tigerpaper. 2004, 31 (2) [March 27, 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-21).
  26. ^ Diesmos, Arvin C.; Rogelio V., Sison; Alcala, Angel C.; Sison, Rogelio V. Status and Distribution of Nonmarine Turtles of the Philippines. Chelonian Conservation and Biology (Chelonian Research Foundation). 2008, 7 (2): 157–177. doi:10.2744/CCB-0672.1.
  27. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831). The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  28. ^ Annandale, N. Chelona and Batrachia of the Inle Lake (PDF). Zoological Survey of India. 1918 [March 29, 2011].
  29. ^ Hoogmoed, M.S.; Gassó Miracle, M.E.; van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. Type specimens of recent and fossil Testudines and Crocodylia in the collections of the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zool. Med. Leiden (Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis). 2002, 84 (8) [March 28, 2011]. ISSN 0024-0672.
  30. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009. The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  31. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009. The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  32. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hundsdörfer, 2009. The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  33. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob; Hosek, Jiri. Cyclemys oldhami Gray, 1863. The Reptile Database. [March 27, 2011].
  34. ^ Leaf Turtle. Nam Kading Research & Training Centre. [March 27, 2011].
  35. ^ United Nations Environment Programme. Beijing 2008 Olympic games: an environmental review. UNEP Division of Communications and Public Information. 2007. ISBN 978-92-807-2888-0.
  36. ^ IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Tortoises and freshwater turtles: an action plan for their conservation. IUCN/WWF. 1989. ISBN 2-88032-974-4.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

攝龜屬: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

攝龜屬(Cyclemys),或稱齒緣攝龜屬、亞洲葉龜,是地龜科下的一個。該屬的都是淡水龜,常見於南亞東南亞地區,現有7

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

マルガメ属 ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
マルガメ属 ノコヘリマルガメ
ノコヘリマルガメ Cyclemys dentata
保全状況評価[a 1] ワシントン条約附属書II 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : カメ目 Testudines 亜目 : 潜頸亜目 Cryptodira : イシガメ科 Geoemydidae : マルガメ属 Cyclemys
Bell, 1834 タイプ種 Cyclemys dentata (Gray, 1831) 種

マルガメ属(マルガメぞく、Cyclemys)は、爬虫綱カメ目イシガメ科に属する属。模式種ノコヘリマルガメ

分布[編集]

インド東部、インドネシアジャワ島スマトラ島ボルネオ島)、カンボジアタイフィリピンパラワン島スールー諸島)、ベトナムマレーシアミャンマーラオス

形態[編集]

最大種はオルダムマルガメで最大甲長25.4センチメートル。最小種はノコヘリマルガメで最大甲長21センチメートル。背甲は扁平。属名Cyclemysは「丸いカメ、円形のカメ」の意で成体も含めて上から見た背甲に由来する(上から見ると細長い楕円形の種もいる)と考えられ、本属の構成種を指す和名と同義。椎甲板は平坦で、筋状の盛りあがり(キール)がある。椎甲板の数は5枚。後部縁甲板はやや鋸状に尖るが、成体では不明瞭な個体もいる。 背甲と腹甲の継ぎ目(橋)は長い。 腹甲は大型で幅広い。胸甲板腹甲板の間にあまり発達しない蝶番があり、腹甲をわずかに折り曲げることができる。喉甲板はやや突出し、左右の喉甲板の間にわずかに切れ込みが入る。

頭部は中型。吻端はわずかに突出し、上顎の先端は凹まないかわずかに凹む。後頭部は細かい鱗で覆われる。四肢は頑丈で、指趾の間にはやや水かきが発達する。

幼体は背甲が上から見ると円形で、キールや縁甲板の鋸歯が明瞭。また幼体は蝶番が発達せず不明瞭。

オスは腹甲の中央部がわずかに凹む個体もいる。また尾が太くて長く、尾をまっすぐに伸ばした状態では総排出口全体が背甲の外側にある。メスは腹甲の中央部が凹まない。また尾が細くて短く、尾をまっすぐに伸ばしても総排泄口の一部が背甲よりも内側にある。

分類[編集]

分子系統学的解析ではオオヤマガメ属シロアゴヤマガメ属ニセイシガメ属ムツイタガメ属に近縁と考えられている。

核DNAやミトコンドリアDNAの塩基配列からの分子系統学的解析ではインドシナ半島南部からインドネシアにかけて分布する腹甲の色彩が明色(ミナミクロハラマルガメを除く)のニシキバラマルガメやノコヘリマルガメ、ヒガシキバラマルガメ、ミナミクロハラマルガメの4種からなる単系統群と、インド東部からインドシナ半島にかけて分布する腹甲の色彩が暗色のインドクロハラマルガメ、オルダムマルガメ、ビルマクロハラマルガメの3種からなる単系統群を形成すると推定されている。

人間との関係[編集]

生息地や中華人民共和国では食用とされることもある。

開発による生息地の破壊、食用の乱獲などにより生息数は減少している種もいる。2013年に属単位でワシントン条約附属書IIに掲載された[a 1]

ペットとして飼育されることもあり、日本にも輸入されている。流通量はやや多く、主に野生個体が流通する。安価で流通することや野生個体が主に流通するため輸送の状態や扱いが悪く、状態を崩したまま流通する個体も多かった。また本属全体の分類が混乱している事からノコヘリマルガメとして他種が流通していると考えられ、以前はリーフタートルとしてマルガメ属の構成種とオオヤマガメの幼体が区別されずに販売される事もあった。 アクアリウムアクアテラリウム、成体は大型の水場を設けたテラリウムなどで飼育される。やや低温に弱い(特に幼体)ためケージ内は保温する。飼育下では人工飼料や乾燥飼料にも餌付く。協調性は良く複数飼育でも問題が起こりづらいものの、発情したオスは同種他種問わずに噛みつき交尾を迫るため場合によっては隔離する。

参考文献[編集]

  • 安川雄一郎 「オオヤマガメ属、マルガメ属とその近縁属の分類と自然史(後編)」『クリーパー』第50号、クリーパー社、2009年、2-10、24-42頁。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、マルガメ属に関連するカテゴリがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにマルガメ属に関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

マルガメ属: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

マルガメ属(マルガメぞく、Cyclemys)は、爬虫綱カメ目イシガメ科に属する属。模式種ノコヘリマルガメ

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語