The Asian snail-eating snakes, which are specialized feeders on terrestrial snails and slugs, have long been recognized as a distinct lineage since the early nineteenth century, first as a subfamily (Pareatinae) within the Colubridae and more recently as a distinct family, Pareatidae. Most snakes in this group are placed in the genus Pareas. The genus Pareas, which is widely distributed in the Oriental region. Since the description of P, nigriceps in 2009, the revalidation of P chinensis by Guo et al. (2011) , and the description of P. vindumi in 2015, twelve species are included in this genus. Pareas snakes are mainly arboreal and nocturnal. (Vogler 2015 and references therein).
These small snakes are relatively homogeneous in color pattern and scalation and the taxonomy of this group at the species level has been very fluid,Guo et al. (2011) undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the Pareatidae using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data in an attempt to bring some clarity to this situation. Based on their results, Guo et al. concluded that Pareatidae is composed of four major lineages, including two apparently distinct Pareas lineages. Specifically, theyfound that P. carinatus and P. nuchalis are genetically quite divergent from their congeners (these two species also differ from other Pareas in cephalic scalation and distribution pattern, as detailed and illustrated in Guo et al. 2011). Geographically, P. carinatus and P. nuchalis occur mainly throughout the Indochinese Peninsula and the Sunda Islands, whereas most Pareas species are found in central and southern China and the northern Indochinese Peninsula (although P. margaritophorus and P. hamptoni are found in the southern Indochinese Peninsula). Guo et al. suggest that (P. carinatus + P. nuchalis) and the remaining Pareas species may belong in different genera. In another finding, although P. formosensis and P. chinensis are morphologically very similar, the DNA-based phylogeny indicates that they are not even sister taxa, contradicting assertions that these two names are synonyms or belong to a "fomosensis-chinensis" species complex.
(Guo et al. 2011 and references therein)
Because dextral (clockwise) coiling predominates among terrestrial snails and this has apparently resulted in most pareatid snakes have evolved asymmetry in mandibular tooth number, which probably facilitates feeding on dextral snails and possibly facilitated the diversification of these snakes. Hoso et al. (2007, 2010) have argued that predation by pareatid snakes has played an important role in the evolution and speciation in some snail lineages (Hoso et al. 2007, 2010 and references therein)
Götz (2002) noted thatadaptations for snail extraction have arisen in at least five different colubrid snake groups (Dipsadinae, Pareatinae, Tomodon, Storeria and Duberria), but that only some dipsadines (Dipsas, Sibynomorphus) and the genus Pareas are known as specialists feeding exclusively on slugs and snails, using an extraction method based entirely on mandibular transport (Götz 2002 and references therein). Götz (2002) described the feeding behaviour of captive individuals of the nocturnal and arborealPareas carinatus and compare it with feeding behavior of the Dipsadinae obased on published information. Danaisawad et al. (2015) studied the feeding behavior of P. carinatus and found that snakes of this species, which do not show clear asymmetry in their dentition and striking direction, could prey on dextral and sinistral snails with similar efficiency.
Die Schneckennattern (Pareas) sind eine Schlangengattung aus der Familie Pareidae.
Die Schneckennattern ernähren sich ausschließlich von Schnecken. Sie sind ovipar und teilweise baumbewohnend.
Die Arten der Gattung Pareas sind in Asien von China bis Indien in der subtropischen Klimazone verbreitet. Drei Arten sind in Taiwan verbreitet und eine Art auf den japanischen Yaeyama-Inseln. Die Art Pareas iwasakii wird von der IUCN als potentiell gefährdet („Near Threatened“) eingestuft. Acht weitere Arten der Gattung wurden als nicht gefährdet („Least Concern“) bewertet.
Die Gattung Pareas wurde 1830 von dem deutschen Zoologen und Herpetologen Johann Georg Wagler erstbeschrieben. Ihr werden 24 Arten zugeordnet (Stand 9. Dezember 2021), die im Folgenden nach Taxon sortiert gelistet sind:
Die Schneckennattern (Pareas) sind eine Schlangengattung aus der Familie Pareidae.
Pareas is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus Pareas are harmless to humans.
Pareas contains the following species:[2][3][4][5]
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Pareas.
Pareas is a genus of Asian snakes in the family Pareidae. All species in the genus Pareas are harmless to humans.
Pareas es un género de serpientes de la familia Pareidae. Sus especies se distribuyen por la región indomalaya.
Se reconocen las 14 especies siguientes:[1]
Pareas es un género de serpientes de la familia Pareidae. Sus especies se distribuyen por la región indomalaya.
Pareas on Pareatidae sugukonnamaoperekond.
Perekonna süstemaatika pole päris selge, osad autorid paigutavad maoperekonna ülemsugukonda Pareatoidea.
Roomajate andmebaasis klassifitseeritakse perekonda Pareas järgmised maoliigid[1]:
Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Pareas seisuga 17.11.2013.
Pareas on Pareatidae sugukonnamaoperekond.
Pareas Pareatidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asiako hego-ekialdean bizi dira.
Pareas Pareatidae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asiako hego-ekialdean bizi dira.
Pareas est un genre de serpents de la famille des Pareatidae[1].
Les 14 espèces de ce genre se rencontrent dans le sud-est de l'Asie[1].
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (11 septembre 2015)[2] :
Pareas est un genre de serpents de la famille des Pareatidae.
Pareas adalah genus ular pemakan siput (suku Pareatidae) yang terdapat di Asia bagian selatan, timur, dan tenggara termasuk Indonesia.[2][3]
Pareas adalah genus ular pemakan siput (suku Pareatidae) yang terdapat di Asia bagian selatan, timur, dan tenggara termasuk Indonesia.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Pareas – rodzaj węży z rodziny połozowatych (Colubridae), obejmujący gatunki występujące w Azji.
Pareas – rodzaj węży z rodziny połozowatych (Colubridae), obejmujący gatunki występujące w Azji.
Pareas[1] este un gen de șerpi din familia Colubridae.[1]
Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life[1]:
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Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa. 鈍頭蛇屬（學名：Pareas）是蛇亞目黃頷蛇科下的一個屬，這個屬的蛇主要以蝸牛為食物。屬下包括以下品種[1]：
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这是一篇與蛇類相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 鈍頭蛇屬（學名：Pareas）是蛇亞目黃頷蛇科下的一個屬，這個屬的蛇主要以蝸牛為食物。屬下包括以下品種：
Pareas atayal（泰雅鈍頭蛇） Pareas boulengeri Pareas carinatus（棱鱗鈍頭蛇） Pareas chinensis Pareas formosensis（台灣鈍頭蛇） Pareas hamptoni Pareas iwasakii（琉球鈍頭蛇） Pareas komaii（阿里山鈍頭蛇） Pareas margaritophorus（橫斑鈍頭蛇） Pareas monticola（喜山鈍頭蛇） Pareas nigriceps Pareas nuchalis Pareas stanleyi Pareas vindumi