dcsimg

Description

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Trees or shrubs (0.5–)1.5–20 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, whitish to golden, up to 1 mm long hairs. Leaves distichous, simple, entire, petiolate, exstipulate; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, index 1.6–5, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous (rarely sparsely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs) above, glabrous to densely hairy (particularly at the base and on veins) below, base acute, obtuse or rounded, rarely subcordate to cordate, apex acuminate, sometimes caudate, rarely obtuse to acute, extreme tip rounded, venation brochidodromous, primary vein raised over entire leaf length above with an often conspicuous longitudinal groove particularly in the basal half, secondary veins 5–20(–30) on either side of the primary vein, often with 1–6 intersecondary veins, running parallel to primary vein for a short distance, thereafter angles with primary vein either increasing or decreasing towards the apex (or consistent), sometimes branching, often forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent (or reticulate). Inflorescence of single flowers or occasionally up to 8 in a rhipidium, pendant, clustered in groups of up to 7, terminal on short axillary shoots (i.e. peduncles) on leafy or leafless twigs, older branches or on the main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); 1-several lower bracts, deltate to depressed ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, leafy, rounded to acute, soon falling off or persistent; single upper bract attached to pedicel, ovate to deltate, acute to obtuse; flower buds open or closed in development, when closed (ovoid to triangular) broadly to depressed ovoid; peduncles, pedicels, outer sides of bracts, sepals and petals glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs, bracts, sepals and petals ciliate. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, with one whorl of free or slightly connate, imbricate, sepals and two whorls of free, imbricate, petals, green, creamy or yellow in vivo, often black in sicco; sepals and petals thin at margins, occasionally with prominent venation; sepals three, much smaller than petals; petals six, the outer ones ovate, elliptic or broadly so, the inner ones elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, stamens numerous (ca. 100), spirally arranged, extrorse, inserted on and below a ventral ridge encircling a central depression in the receptacle in which the carpels are inserted, 1–2 mm long, connective appendage transversely rhombic-hexagonal; carpels 20–40, spirally arranged, free, ovary 1-locular, glabrous or hairy, with 1 basal, lateral or apical ovule (reported by Van Heusden 1992), stigma sessile. Fruit apocarpous, monocarps 5–40, stipitate, mostly asymmetrical, sometimes strongly so, sometimes with an (often excentric) apicule, green maturing mostly through red to brown or black in vivo, light brown to black in sicco. Seeds 1, lateral or apical (reported by Van Setten & Koek-Noorman 1992), ellipsoid to globose, yellow to reddish-brown, surface deeply to shallowly pitted, lacking an aril, with a raised or sunken raphe encircling seed longitudinally (diagonally), regularly (or more sinuously), ruminations spiniform.
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Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas
bibliographic citation
Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141
author
Michael D. Pirie
author
Lars W. Chatrou
author
Paul J. M. Maas
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Distribution

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34 species in the Neotropics: from southern Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. Most species are distributed in regions surrounding the Andean mountain range, two in coastal Venezuela (Cremastospermamacrocarpum Maas and C.venezuelanum Pirie), one in French Guiana (C.brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.) and one widespread across Brazil, south of the Amazon River (C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.).
license
cc-by-3.0
copyright
Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas
bibliographic citation
Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141
author
Michael D. Pirie
author
Lars W. Chatrou
author
Paul J. M. Maas
original
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Cremastosperma

provided by wikipedia EN

Cremastosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae, subfamily Malmeoideae, tribe Malmeae.[1] In 2018 there were 34 recognised species distributed in Central and South America.[2]

Cremastosperma was described by Robert Elias Fries in 1930,[3] based on Aberemoa pedunculata Diels, originally described by Ludwig Diels (1906),[4] which thus became the type species Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr..

Species of Cremastosperma are found in lowland to pre-montane tropical forest in the Neotropics.[5] The greatest species diversity is distributed in the narrow tropical zone to the west of the Andean mountain chain on the Pacific Ocean side of north-western South America, north into Central America[6] as far as Costa Rica;[2] and on the eastern side of the Andes extending from Colombia through eastern Ecuador and Peru as far south as Bolivia. Two species are found in coastal Venezuela (Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas and Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie),[7] and one in French Guiana (Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.).

Description

Cremastosperma species are small understory trees with typical Annonaceae floral morphology (sepals and petals in whorls of three; indefinite numbers of spirally arranged stamens and carpels) bearing a resemblance to various other Neotropical genera with apocarpous, single-seeded, stipitate fruits (such as Guatteria). The most useful character by which they can be distinguished from these and other similar Neotropical Annonaceae is displayed by the midrib of the leaves, which is raised on the upper side with an unusual, mostly conspicuous, longitudinal groove.

Recognised species:

  • Cremastosperma alticola Pirie & Chatrou
  • Cremastosperma antioquense Pirie
  • Cremastosperma awaense Pirie
  • Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou
  • Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie
  • Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma cenepense Pirie & Zapata
  • Cremastosperma chococola Pirie
  • Cremastosperma confusum Pirie
  • Cremastosperma dolichocarpum Pirie
  • Cremastosperma dolichopodum Pirie & Maas
  • Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma longipes Pirie
  • Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas
  • Cremastosperma magdalenae Pirie
  • Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma napoense Pirie
  • Cremastosperma novogranatense R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma oblongum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma osicola Pirie & Chatrou
  • Cremastosperma pacificum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma panamense Maas
  • Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr.
  • Cremastosperma stenophyllum Pirie
  • Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie
  • Cremastosperma westrae Pirie
  • Cremastosperma yamayakatense Pirie

References

  1. ^ Chatrou, L. W.; M. D. Pirie; R. H. J. Erkens; T. L. P. Couvreur; K. M. Neubig; J. R. Abbott; J. B. Mols; P. J. M. Maas; R. M. K. Saunders; M. W. Chase (2012). "A new subfamilial and tribal classification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae informed by molecular phylogenetics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 169: S. 4–50. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01235.x.
  2. ^ a b Pirie, Michael D.; Chatrou, Lars W.; Maas, Paul J. M. (2018). "A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species". PhytoKeys (112): 1–141. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 6277488. PMID 30524186.
  3. ^ Fries, R.E. (1930). "Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I.". Acta Horti Bergiani. 10: 1–128.
  4. ^ Diels, L. (1906). "Annonaceae andinae". Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 408–410.
  5. ^ Pirie, Michael D.; Maas, Paul J. M.; Wilschut, Rutger A.; Melchers-Sharrott, Heleen; Chatrou, Lars W. (2018). "Parallel diversifications of Cremastosperma and Mosannona (Annonaceae), tropical rainforest trees tracking Neogene upheaval of South America". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (1): 171561. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571561P. doi:10.1098/rsos.171561. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5792937. PMID 29410860.
  6. ^ Pirie, M. D. (2005). "New Species of Cremastosperma (Annonaceae) from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 50 (1): 41–60. doi:10.3767/000651905X623274. ISSN 0006-5196.
  7. ^ Chatrou, L. W.; M. D. Pirie (2005). "Three New Rarely Collected or Endangered Species of Annonaceae from Venezuela". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 50 (1): 33–40. doi:10.3767/000651905X623265. ISSN 0006-5196.
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Cremastosperma: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cremastosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae, subfamily Malmeoideae, tribe Malmeae. In 2018 there were 34 recognised species distributed in Central and South America.

Cremastosperma was described by Robert Elias Fries in 1930, based on Aberemoa pedunculata Diels, originally described by Ludwig Diels (1906), which thus became the type species Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr..

Species of Cremastosperma are found in lowland to pre-montane tropical forest in the Neotropics. The greatest species diversity is distributed in the narrow tropical zone to the west of the Andean mountain chain on the Pacific Ocean side of north-western South America, north into Central America as far as Costa Rica; and on the eastern side of the Andes extending from Colombia through eastern Ecuador and Peru as far south as Bolivia. Two species are found in coastal Venezuela (Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas and Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie), and one in French Guiana (Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.).

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Cremastosperma ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Cremastosperma es un género de plantas fanerógamas con 34 especies[1]​ perteneciente a la familia de las anonáceas. Son nativas de América meridional.[2]

Descripción

Son arbustos o árboles con 1, rara vez 2, flores axilares, o a veces caulifloras. Flores medianas, generalmente glabras; pedicelos articulados sobre la base, casi siempre con una pequeña bráctea por encima de la articulación. Sépalos libres, imbricados en la yema, con márgenes, ciliolados delgados. Pétalos mucho más largos que el cáliz, rígidos, imbricados, con bordes delgados. Estambres numerosos, el conectivo expandido por encima de la antera en un disco. Carpelos varios; óvulo 1, que se adjunta cerca del extremo superior del ovario y pendular, o, a veces se encuentra más abajo, incluso cerca de la base y, a continuación erecto. Monocarpo libre.[3]

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Robert Elias Fries y publicado en Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 46. 1931.[3]​ La especie tipo es: Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E. Fr.

Especies

Referencias

  1. Pirie, Michael D.; Chatrou, Lars W.; Maas, Paul J. M. (2018). «A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species». PhytoKeys 112: 1-141. ISSN 1314-2003. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.
  2. Cremastosperma en PlantList
  3. a b «Cremastosperma». Tropicos.org. Jardín Botánico de Misuri. Consultado el 18 de julio de 2013.
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Cremastosperma: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Cremastosperma es un género de plantas fanerógamas con 34 especies​ perteneciente a la familia de las anonáceas. Son nativas de América meridional.​

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Cremastosperma ( Polish )

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Cremastosperma R.E.Fr. – rodzaj roślin z rodziny flaszowcowatych (Annonaceae Juss.). Według The Plant List w obrębie tego rodzaju znajdują się 31 gatunki o nazwach zweryfikowanych i zaakceptowanych, podczas gdy kolejne 4 taksony mają status gatunków niepewnych (niezweryfikowanych)[3]. Występuje naturalnie w klimacie równikowym Ameryki Południowej[4]. Gatunkiem typowym jest C. pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.[2]

Morfologia

Pokrój
Zimozielone drzewa[5].
Liście
Naprzemianległe, pojedyncze. Blaszka liściowa jest całobrzega[5].
Kwiaty
Promieniste, obupłciowe. Są pojedyncze lub zebrane po kilka w pęczki. Rozwijają się w kątach pędów lub bezpośrednio na pniach i gałęziach (kaulifloria). Działki kielicha są zrośnięte u podstawy, natomiast płatki są wolne. Kwiaty mają liczne pręciki. Zalążnia jest górna składająca się z kilku wolnych słupków[5].
Owoce
Tworzą owoc zbiorowy[5].

Systematyka

Pozycja według APweb (aktualizowany system APG III z 2009)

Rodzaj wraz z całą rodziną flaszowcowatych w ramach rzędu magnoliowców wchodzi w skład jednej ze starszych linii rozwojowych okrytonasiennych określanych jako klad magnoliowych[1].

Lista gatunków[3]

Przypisy

  1. a b Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2009-06-01].
  2. a b c Cremastosperma (ang.). Index Nominum Genericorum (ING). [dostęp 2015-12-05].
  3. a b Cremastosperma (ang.). The Plant List. [dostęp 5 grudnia 2015].
  4. D. J. Mabberley: The Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press, 1997, s. 191. ISBN 978-0-521-41421-0. (ang.)
  5. a b c d Cremastosperma (fr.). Plantes & botanique. [dostęp 5 grudnia 2015].
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Cremastosperma: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Cremastosperma R.E.Fr. – rodzaj roślin z rodziny flaszowcowatych (Annonaceae Juss.). Według The Plant List w obrębie tego rodzaju znajdują się 31 gatunki o nazwach zweryfikowanych i zaakceptowanych, podczas gdy kolejne 4 taksony mają status gatunków niepewnych (niezweryfikowanych). Występuje naturalnie w klimacie równikowym Ameryki Południowej. Gatunkiem typowym jest C. pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.

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Cremastosperma ( Portuguese )

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Cremastosperma é um género botânico pertencente à família Annonaceae[1].

  1. «Cremastosperma — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020
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Cremastosperma: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cremastosperma é um género botânico pertencente à família Annonaceae.

«Cremastosperma — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020  title=
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Cremastosperma ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Cremastosperma[1] este un gen de plante angiosperme din familia Annonaceae.[1]


Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life[1]:

Cremastosperma

Cremastosperma antioquense



Cremastosperma awaense



Cremastosperma brevipes



Cremastosperma bullatum



Cremastosperma cauliflorum



Cremastosperma cenepense



Cremastosperma chococola



Cremastosperma dolichocarpum



Cremastosperma gracilipes



Cremastosperma leiophyllum



Cremastosperma longicuspe



Cremastosperma longipes



Cremastosperma macrocarpum



Cremastosperma magdalenae



Cremastosperma megalophyllum



Cremastosperma microcarpum



Cremastosperma monospermum



Referințe

  1. ^ a b c Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 26 mai 2014.Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link) Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor (link)
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Cremastosperma ( Vietnamese )

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Cremastosperma là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Annonaceae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Cremastosperma. The Plant List. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ na Malmeoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cremastosperma: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cremastosperma là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Annonaceae.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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