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Brief Overview of Globothalamea

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Globothalamea is the name given by Pawlowski et al. (2013) to a monophyletic taxon, or subclade, within the more inclusive clade Foraminifera. The authors employ a rank-based system of nomenclature (e.g, Linnean nomenclature), assigning the taxonomic rank of Class to Globothalamea.

The diagnostic morphological characters of Globothalamea as given by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8) are as follows: “Test multi-chambered, typically trochospirally enrolled, but may be triserial, biserial or uniserial; chambers globular or crescent-shaped in early stage; wall agglutinated or calcareous.” The molecular synapomorphies for the clade Globothalamea given by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8) are: an average SSU rRNA gene length of 3500 nt (3000-4000 nt), a GC content of 40%) GC content; and a conserved motif in the variable region 41f of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (Pawlowski and Lecroq 2010).

The taxonomic composition of Globothalamea as defined by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8) is: Textulariida (Reophax sp., Leptohalysis scotti, Eggerella sp., Trochammina sp., Eggerelloides scaber, Trochammina hadai, Spirotextularia sp., Textularia sagittula), Carterinida (no taxa included in analysis or on reference tree), Robertinida (Robertina arctica), and Rotaliida (Cibicides lobatulus, Hyalinea baltica, Oridorsalis umbonatus, Pullenia subcarinata, Pararotalia nipponica, Heterostegina depressa, Nummulites venosus, Bulimina marginata, Melonis pompilioides, Epistominella exigua, Stainforthia fusiformis, Trifarina earlandi, Uvigerina phlegeri, Cassidulinoides parkerianus, Islandiella norcrossi, Globorotalia inflata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei).

The geologic range given for Globothalamea is Lower Cambrian to Recent.

In reference to the phylogeny of Foraminifera depicted in Figure 1 (Pawlowski et al. 2013: 4), Globbothalamea is more closely related to an unnamed clade (Clade A + Clade C) comprised of an unnamed allogromiid (GenBank accession HE998678), and the xenophyophores Syringammina corbicula, Shinkaiya lindsayi, and Rhizammina algaeformis, than to Tubothalamea or any of the basal monothalamiid lineages.

As depicted on the reference phylogeny of Foraminifera (Pawlowski et al. 2013: Fig. 1), in which the node is labeled with drawing of a bilocular test, the name Globothalamea refers to a node-based crown clade, a clade whose name could also be defined using a node-based phylogenetic definition. See Article 2.2 in the PhyloCode Cantino and de Queiroz (2010) for an explanation of node-based names. Examples of node-based definitions for Globthalamea are: “the least inclusive clade containing Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d’Orbigny, 1839) and Reophax sp. (GenBank accession: HE998675),” or “the clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d’Orbigny, 1839) and Reophax sp. (GenBank accession: HE998675).”

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Susan L. Richardson
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Richardson, Susan L. 2014. Globothalamea. Brief Summary. Brief Overview of Globothalamea. In Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/39301634/overview
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Globothalamea

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Globothalamea[1] comprises a class of multichambered foraminifera based in part on SSU rDNA evidence;[2] the other is Tubothalamea.

Six orders are included, which vary notably in composition, wall structure, and chamber arrangement. The Lituolida, Loftusiida, and Textulariida (as emended) have tests (shells) of agglutinated matter, glued together by various cements, but differ in chamber arrangement, wall structure, and complexity. In contrast the Carterinida, Robertinida and Rotaliida, with buliminids lumped into the Rotaliida, have calcareous tests. Those of rotaliid genera, which vary considerably, are of perforate hyaline (glassy) calcite. in contrast the Carterinida have tests composed of bundled calcite spicules. The Robertida differ in being composed, instead, of aragonite.[3]

Subclass Textulariia

Unassigned

References

  1. ^ World Foraminifera Database, Foraminifera
  2. ^ Pawlowski, Jan; Holzmann, Maria; Tyszka, Jarosław (2013). "New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology". Marine Micropaleontology. 100: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.04.002.
  3. ^ Foraminifera genera and their description Archived 2015-11-27 at the Wayback Machine A.R. Loeblich jr & H. Tappan, 1988. e-book.
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Globothalamea: Brief Summary

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Globothalamea comprises a class of multichambered foraminifera based in part on SSU rDNA evidence; the other is Tubothalamea.

Six orders are included, which vary notably in composition, wall structure, and chamber arrangement. The Lituolida, Loftusiida, and Textulariida (as emended) have tests (shells) of agglutinated matter, glued together by various cements, but differ in chamber arrangement, wall structure, and complexity. In contrast the Carterinida, Robertinida and Rotaliida, with buliminids lumped into the Rotaliida, have calcareous tests. Those of rotaliid genera, which vary considerably, are of perforate hyaline (glassy) calcite. in contrast the Carterinida have tests composed of bundled calcite spicules. The Robertida differ in being composed, instead, of aragonite.

Subclass Textulariia

Orders: LituolidaLoftusiidaTextulariida

Unassigned

Orders: CarterinidaRobertinidaRotaliida
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Globothalamea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los globotálamos (Globothalamea) son una clase de foraminíferos bentónicos y planctónicos (filo Foraminifera)[1]​ que presentan conchas multicameradas típicamente trocospiraladas, pero también triseriadas, biseriadas y uniseriadas. La pared de la concha es aglutinada o calcárea. En el estadio juvenil, las cámaras pueden ser globulares o en forma de media luna. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta el presente.

Discusión

De acuerdo a estudios de filogenia molecular con especies actuales, Globothalamea incluye a los órdenes Rotaliida s.l., Robertinida, Textulariida s.l. y Carterinida.[1]​ El clado Rotaliida s.l. incluye a los foraminíferos planctónicos, tradicionalmente agrupados en el orden Globigerinida, además de a los órdenes Buliminida y Rotaliida s.s. El clado Textulariida s.l. incluye a los órdenes Lituolida, Loftusiida, Trochamminida y Textulariida s.s. Teniendo en cuenta las relaciones filogenéticas establecidas mediante caracteres morfológicos, probablemente incluye también al orden Lagenida,[2]​ aunque este podría pertenecer a una clase independiente. Globothalamea debiera ser rebajado a la categoría de subclase (subclase Globothalamia) si los foraminíferos son finalmente considerados en sí mismos una clase (clase Foraminifera)[3]

Clasificación

Globothalamea incluye a los siguientes órdenes:

Otros órdenes considerados en este grupo han sido:

Referencias

  1. a b Pawłowski, J., Holzmann, M., y Tyszka, J. (2013). New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropaleontology, 100: 1–10.
  2. Sen Gupta, B.K. (1999). Systematics of modern Foraminifera. En: Sen Gupta, B.K. (Ed.), Modern Foraminifera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 7–36.
  3. Loeblich, A.R., Jr. y Tappan, H. (1992). Present Status of Foraminiferal Classification. Studies in Benthic Foraminifera en Benthos'90, Sendai (1990), Tokai University Press, 93-102.
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Globothalamea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los globotálamos (Globothalamea) son una clase de foraminíferos bentónicos y planctónicos (filo Foraminifera)​ que presentan conchas multicameradas típicamente trocospiraladas, pero también triseriadas, biseriadas y uniseriadas. La pared de la concha es aglutinada o calcárea. En el estadio juvenil, las cámaras pueden ser globulares o en forma de media luna. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta el presente.

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Globothalamea ( French )

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Les Globothalamea sont une classe de foraminifères.

Liste des ordres

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Selon World Register of Marine Species (28 mars 2016)[1] :

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Globothalamea: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Globothalamea sont une classe de foraminifères.

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