Woody Saltwort

Salicornia depressa is the common and widespread species in coastal areas of North America. No detailed taxonomic investigation of the tetraploid populations has ever been undertaken in North America. It is possible that a number of different taxa exist; the Pacific Coast populations in particular seem distinct from those of the Atlantic Coast.

This species has generally been called Salicornia europaea by North American authors, but that name refers to a diploid European species that does not occur in North America.

The earliest name that is probably referable to this species is Salicornia virginica Linnaeus, which must be typified by specimens collected by John Clayton probably from Virginia. The specimens are sterile but clearly annual, as indicated by Linnaeus in the protologue. The name was applied to an annual species by P. C. Standley (1916), but subsequently came to be misapplied to the perennial species of the east coast now treated in Sarcocornia.

Stems erect, green, only occasionally developing some red or purple, usually with primary and some secondary branches, 10-70 cm, ultimate branches often long and cylindric; leaf and bract apices usually obtuse, not mucronate. Spikes cylindric, 2-8 cm, with 5-25 fertile segments; bracts covering only base of cymes. Fertile segments (2d-4th in main spikes) ± cylindric, 3.2-7.6 × 2.4-5 mm, usually longer than wide, margins 0.3-0.4 mm wide, scarious. Central flowers oval or rhombic to semicircular distally, 1.7-3.5 × 1.4-2.7 mm, usually longer than wide, usually not conspicuously larger than lateral flowers, usually not reaching distal edge of segment; anthers always exserted, 0.3-0.5 mm, dehiscing after exsertion. 2n = 36.

B.C., N.B., N.S., P.E.I., Que.; Alaska, Calif., Del., Ga., Maine, Md., Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., R.I., S.C., Va., Wash.

Flowering late summer-early fall.

Middle and lower levels of saltmarshes and sides of channels, rarely in saline areas inland; 0(-100)m.

Salicornia virginica (American glasswort, pickleweed) is a halophytic perennial dicot which grows in various zones of intertidal salt marshes and can be found in alkaline flats. It is native to various regions of the Northern Hemisphere including both coasts of North America from Canada to Mexico.

The plant is one of the Salicornia species being tested as biofuel crop as its seeds are composed of 32% oil, and being a halophyte, it can be irrigated with salt water.

Salicornia virginica is classified as a obligate wetland (OBL) species which means it "occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands".