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Micrixalus ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Micrixalus és un gènere de granotes de la família Ranidae de l'Àsia tropical.

Espècies

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Micrixalus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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 src= Micrixalus fuscus.

Micrixalus és un gènere de granotes de la família Ranidae de l'Àsia tropical.

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Tanzfrösche ( German )

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Die Tanzfrösche (Micrixalus) sind eine Gattung kleiner Froschlurche, die in den Westghats im Westen Indiens endemisch vorkommen.[1] Micrixalus ist die einzige Gattung innerhalb der Familie Micrixalidae.

Merkmale

Die Frösche sind klein mit Körperlängen von 2,5 bis 3,5 cm. In den meisten Fällen sind sie bräunlich oder rotbraun gefärbt und haben eine relativ glatte Haut. Das Trommelfell ist klein. Die Hinterfüße besitzen Schwimmhäute während die Finger der Vorderfüße frei sind. Die charakteristischen, für eine Diagnose der Gattung herangezogenen Merkmale betreffen den Schultergürtel. Üblicherweise besitzen sie ein Omosternum, ein nach vorn durch die Schlüsselbeine vorstehendes Element des Brustbeins (firmisternaler Schultergürtel), das üblicherweise eine Spitze aus Knorpel hat und bei den Tanzfrösche nicht gegabelt ist. Außerdem sind die Epikorakoidknorpel vorne und hinten zusammengewachsen.[1]

Lebensweise

Tanzfrösche leben in Bergregenwäldern in der Nähe von schnell fließenden Bächen und Flüssen. Sie halten sich bevorzugt auf nassen Steinen in der Nähe der Gewässer auf. Die Männchen sind revierbildend und markieren ihr Territorium und werben um Weibchen durch Rufe und auffälliges Wedeln mit den Hinterbeinen. Ihren Laich legen die Tanzfrösche direkt am Ufer auf Steinen ab, die sich innerhalb der Spritzzone befinden oder eingegraben im Gewässerboden.[1] Die Kaulquappen der Tanzfrösche blieben über mehr als 125 Jahre seit der Beschreibung der Gattung im Jahr 1888 unbekannt. Sie sind aalartig langgestreckt, besitzen einen kräftigen Schwanz und werden bis zu 3 cm lang. Die Kaulquappen leben wie Regenwürmer in sandigen oder kiesigen Ufern, im Gewässerboden oder in Sandbänken üblicherweise in Tiefen von 10 bis 40 Zentimetern und ernähren sich von organischen Partikeln die sie im Boden finden.[2][3]

Arten

 src=
Micrixalus fuscus
 src=
Micrixalus nelliyampathi
 src=
Micrixalus saxicola
 src=
Micrixalus uttaraghati

Gegenwärtig werden 24 Arten in die Gattung Micrixalus gestellt.[4][5][6]

Stand: 5. Februar 2020

Systematik

Die Gattung Micrixalus wurde 1888 durch den belgisch-britischen Zoologen George Albert Boulenger eingeführt. Die Typusart ist Ixalus fuscus Boulenger, 1882. 2001 wurden die Tanzfrösche in eine Unterfamilie Micrixalinae innerhalb der Familie der Echten Frösche (Ranidae) gestellt[7] und im Jahr 2006 wurde diese Unterfamilie im Rahmen einer umfangreichen phylogenetischen Untersuchung der Amphibien in den Familienrang erhoben.[8] Die Micrixalidae sind die Schwestergruppe der Ceratobatrachidae.[1]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2013). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press, ISBN 978-0123869197, S. 509.
  2. Skurril: Kaulquappen graben wie Würmer im Sand 125 Jahre dauernde Suche nach den Larven der Tanzfrösche war endlich erfolgreich bei scinexx.de
  3. Gayani Senevirathne, Sonali Garg, Ryan Kerney, Madhava Meegaskumbura, S. D. Biju: Unearthing the Fossorial Tadpoles of the Indian Dancing Frog Family Micrixalidae. PLOS, März 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151781
  4. Biju, S. D.; Sonali Garg; K. V. Gururaja; Yogesh Shouche; Sandeep A. Walujkar (2014). "DNA barcoding reveals unprecedented diversity in Dancing Frogs of India (Micrixalidae, Micrixalus): a taxonomic revision with description of 14 new species". Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences). 43 (1): 37–123. doi:10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.6850
  5. Micrixalus bei AmphibiaWeb
  6. Micrixalus bei Amphibian Species of the World
  7. Dubois, A., A. Ohler, and S. D. Biju. 2001. A new genus and species of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura) from south-western India. Alytes. Paris 19: 53–79.
  8. Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. E. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 236.
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Tanzfrösche: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Tanzfrösche (Micrixalus) sind eine Gattung kleiner Froschlurche, die in den Westghats im Westen Indiens endemisch vorkommen. Micrixalus ist die einzige Gattung innerhalb der Familie Micrixalidae.

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Micrixalus

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Micrixalus (commonly known as dancing frogs, tropical frogs, and torrent frogs) is a genus of frogs from that are endemic to the Western Ghats in India.[1] They are monotypic within the family Micrixalidae.[2] Before being raised to the family level they were classified as the subfamily Micrixalinae within Ranidae. Micrixalus frogs, such as Micrixalus saxicola, are popularly known as "dancing frogs" due to their peculiar habit of waving their feet to attract females during the breeding season.[3] Dancing frogs are extremely vulnerable as their habitat is severely threatened.

Description

The family is characterized by having a pectoral girdle that is firmisternal and tadpoles having a single row of labial teeth.[4] Biju et al. (2014) list the following characteristic features as common to all species of Micrixalus:[5]

Finger and toes with dermal fringes, and discs dilated with dorsoterminal grooves; pupil oval; webbing absent on hand; pineal ocellus, vomerine teeth and ridge absent.

Natural history

A Micrixalus frog showing "foot flagging" behaviour.

Dancing frogs are found in the vicinity of fast and slow moving perennial streams in the forests of the Western Ghats. Typical habitats include high altitude shola forests, wet evergreen forests, Myristica swamps, and secondary forests.[5] Both the genus and the family are also known by the epithets "tropical frogs" and "torrent frogs".[2][5]

During the breeding season, male dancing frogs call from spots close to running water and display their prominent white vocal sacs.[5] Males tap their hindfeet and extend it, subsequently stretching the foot outward and shaking it, both at prospective mates and rival males.[5] This type of hindleg movement has been termed as "foot-flagging" and has been observed in many, but not all, Micrixalus species and evidence inferred for a few other species as well.[5][6] Foot flagging is done with either hindlimb and also while calling.[5] The mating pair enter the water where the eggs are fertilised. The female dancing frog excavates in the streambed with her hindlimbs. The pair detach, the female lays her eggs in the chamber in the streambed and buries the spawn with sand and gravel using the hindlimbs.[5]

DNA analysis

In 2014, researchers uncovered 14 new species in the genus Micrixalus. This was the result of a DNA analysis of the dancing frogs from the Western Ghats region of South India. In addition, they noted that the two species M. narainensis and M. swamianus are junior synonyms of M. kottigeharensis, and that M. herrei is elevated from a synonym of M. fuscus to a valid species.[5]

The members of the team were S.D. Biju and Sonali Garg (both from Delhi University), K.V. Gururaja from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and, Yogesh Shouche and Sandeep A. W. (both from National Centre for Cell Science, Pune). The results, which were published in the peer-reviewed Ceylon Journal of Science in May 2014, have arisen from a study conducted over a dozen years in the forests of the Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.[7]

The species were differentiated due to molecular markers from DNA analysis which also indicated that the endemic group had evolved in this habitat approximately 85 million years ago. The Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot for amphibians with 75 new amphibian species having been discovered in the last fifteen years alone. This discovery raised the number of endemic amphibian species in the Western Ghats to 181. However, S.D. Biju, the leader of the research team, stated that the potential for discovering new amphibian species is far from exhausted, and as many as a hundred new species could be awaiting discovery.[7]

This study has serious conservation implications for India as many as seven species of dancing frogs are only found outside protected areas.[5]

Species

The genus (and the family) contains 24 species:[1][5]

Image gallery

See also

  • Staurois, another Asian genus of frogs that signal each other by leg waving

References

  1. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Micrixalus Boulenger, 1888". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  2. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Micrixalidae Dubois, Ohler, and Biju, 2001". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  3. ^ "14 new species of frog nicknamed 'dancing' frogs". BBC.co.uk. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  4. ^ Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2013). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. p. 509.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Biju, S. D.; Sonali Garg; K. V. Gururaja; Yogesh Shouche; Sandeep A. Walujkar (2014). "DNA barcoding reveals unprecedented diversity in Dancing Frogs of India (Micrixalidae, Micrixalus): a taxonomic revision with description of 14 new species". Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences). 43 (1): 37–123. doi:10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.6850.
  6. ^ "Indian scientists discover new species of 'dancing frogs'". BBC.com. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b Sethi, Neha (9 May 2014). "14 new dancing frogs species discovered". LiveMint. HT Media. Retrieved 10 May 2014.

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Micrixalus: Brief Summary

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Micrixalus (commonly known as dancing frogs, tropical frogs, and torrent frogs) is a genus of frogs from that are endemic to the Western Ghats in India. They are monotypic within the family Micrixalidae. Before being raised to the family level they were classified as the subfamily Micrixalinae within Ranidae. Micrixalus frogs, such as Micrixalus saxicola, are popularly known as "dancing frogs" due to their peculiar habit of waving their feet to attract females during the breeding season. Dancing frogs are extremely vulnerable as their habitat is severely threatened.

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Micrixalus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Micrixalus es un género de anfibios anuros con distribución en la India. Es el único género dentro de la familia Micrixalidae.

Especies

Se reconocen las siguientes según ASW:[1]

Referencias

  1. Frost, D.R. «Micrixalus». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 12 de mayo de 2014.
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ SD Biju, Sonali Garg, KV Gururaja, Yogesh Shouche & Sandeep A Walujkar. 2014. DNA barcoding reveals unprecedented diversity in Dancing Frogs of India (Micrixalidae, Micrixalus): a taxonomic revision with description of 14 new species. Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43(1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.6850

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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Micrixalus es un género de anfibios anuros con distribución en la India. Es el único género dentro de la familia Micrixalidae.

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Micrixalus ( Basque )

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Micrixalus anfibio genero bat da, Anura ordenaren barruko Micrixalidae familian sailkatua.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Micrixalus anfibio genero bat da, Anura ordenaren barruko Micrixalidae familian sailkatua.

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Micrixalus ( French )

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Micrixalus est un genre d'amphibiens, le seul de la famille des Micrixalidae[1].

Répartition

Les 24 espèces de ce genre sont endémiques des Ghats occidentaux en Inde[1].

Description

Les mâles mesurent de 13 à 29 mm et les femelles de 15 à 34 mm[2].

Liste des espèces

Selon Amphibian Species of the World (11 juin 2017)[3] :

Amphibian Species of the World (19 novembre 2016)[4] ne reconnaît plus Micrixalus narainensis (Rao, 1937) et Micrixalus swamianus (Rao, 1937) qui sont considérés comme synonymes de Micrixalus kottigeharensis (Rao, 1937).

Publications originales

  • Boulenger, 1888 : Note on the classification of the Ranidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 1888, p. 204-206 (texte intégral).
  • Dubois, Ohler & Biju, 2001 : A new genus and species of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura) from south-western India. Alytes, Paris, vol. 19, p. 53-79.

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche & Walujkar, 2014 : DNA barcoding reveals unprecedented diversity in Dancing Frogs of India (Micrixalidae, Micrixalus): a taxonomic revision with description of 14 new species. Ceylon Journal of Science, Biological Sciences, vol. 43, no , p. 1-87
  3. Amphibian Species of the World, consulté le 11 juin 2017
  4. Amphibian Species of the World, consulté le 19 novembre 2016
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Micrixalus est un genre d'amphibiens, le seul de la famille des Micrixalidae.

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Micrixalus ( Italian )

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Micrixalus (Boulenger, 1888) è un genere di anfibi anuri endemico dell'India. È l'unico genere noto della famiglia Micrixalidae.[1]

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti specie[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Micrixalus, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 17 ottobre 2014.

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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Micrixalus (Boulenger, 1888) è un genere di anfibi anuri endemico dell'India. È l'unico genere noto della famiglia Micrixalidae.

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Micrixalus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie
 src=
Een mannetje van een onbekende Micrixalus- soort vertoont het typische baltsgedrag.

Micrixalus is een geslacht van kikkers (Anura) uit de familie Micrixalidae. De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door George Albert Boulenger in 1888. Er zijn 24 soorten, waarvan er 14 pas sinds 2014 bekend zijn. Vroeger was het soortenaantal hoger maar verschillende soorten worden niet meer erkend, een voorbeeld is Micrixalus narainensis.[1]

Alle soorten zijn bosbewoners die op de bodem leven. De kikkers leven in delen van Azië en komen endemisch voor in India.[2]

De mannetjes gebruiken niet alleen hun kwaakblaas om een vrouwtje aan te trekken. Omdat ze in de buurt van snelstromende beken leven wordt het gekwaak overstemd door omgevingsgeluid. Ze zwaaien daarom met de grote achterpoten om de aandacht van de vrouwtjes te krijgen. Voor zover bekend zijn het de enige kikkers die met visuele signalen een partner lokken. In de Engelse taal worden de dieren hierdoor wel 'dansende kikkers' (dancing frogs) genoemd. Als een ander mannetje in de buurt komt, worden de achterpoten gebruikt om de concurrent letterlijk het territorium uit te trappen.

Taxonomie

Familie Micrixalidae

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Micrixalus.
  2. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Micrixalus.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Micrixalus - Website Geconsulteerd 17 januari 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Micrixalus - Website
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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 src= Een mannetje van een onbekende Micrixalus- soort vertoont het typische baltsgedrag.

Micrixalus is een geslacht van kikkers (Anura) uit de familie Micrixalidae. De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door George Albert Boulenger in 1888. Er zijn 24 soorten, waarvan er 14 pas sinds 2014 bekend zijn. Vroeger was het soortenaantal hoger maar verschillende soorten worden niet meer erkend, een voorbeeld is Micrixalus narainensis.

Alle soorten zijn bosbewoners die op de bodem leven. De kikkers leven in delen van Azië en komen endemisch voor in India.

De mannetjes gebruiken niet alleen hun kwaakblaas om een vrouwtje aan te trekken. Omdat ze in de buurt van snelstromende beken leven wordt het gekwaak overstemd door omgevingsgeluid. Ze zwaaien daarom met de grote achterpoten om de aandacht van de vrouwtjes te krijgen. Voor zover bekend zijn het de enige kikkers die met visuele signalen een partner lokken. In de Engelse taal worden de dieren hierdoor wel 'dansende kikkers' (dancing frogs) genoemd. Als een ander mannetje in de buurt komt, worden de achterpoten gebruikt om de concurrent letterlijk het territorium uit te trappen.

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Micrixalus ( Polish )

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Micrixalus (znany również jako tańczące żaby) to rodzaj płazów bezogonowych i monotyp rodziny Micrixalidae[1]. Jest to rodzaj endemiczny, żyjący w Ghatach Zachodnich, w Indiach[2]. W przeszłości Micrixalus był klasyfikowany jako podrodzina Micrixalinae, wchodząca w skład rodziny żabowatych. Samce Micrixalus wyróżniają się zwyczajem wymachiwania tylnymi kończynami, próbując zwrócić na siebie uwagę samic w okresie godowym, w związku z czym nazywa się je również tańczącymi żabami)[3]. Siedliska Micrixalus są wrażliwe na zmianę ilości opadów i dostępności wody, w związku z czym mogą być poważnie zagrożone[4].

Rodzaje

Micrixalus dzieli się na 24 gatunki[2]:

Galeria


Linki zewnętrzne

p d e
Rodziny płazów bezogonowych

Przypisy

  1. Micrixalidae Dubois, Ohler, and Biju, 2001 | Amphibian Species of the World, research.amnh.org [dostęp 2015-11-29] .
  2. a b Amphibian Species of the World, research.amnh.org [dostęp 2015-11-29] .
  3. 14 new species of frog nicknamed 'dancing' frogs - CBBC Newsround, www.bbc.co.uk [dostęp 2015-11-29] .
  4. Digging for dancing FROGS: Researchers uncover 14 new species, Mail Online [dostęp 2015-11-29] .
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Micrixalus (znany również jako tańczące żaby) to rodzaj płazów bezogonowych i monotyp rodziny Micrixalidae. Jest to rodzaj endemiczny, żyjący w Ghatach Zachodnich, w Indiach. W przeszłości Micrixalus był klasyfikowany jako podrodzina Micrixalinae, wchodząca w skład rodziny żabowatych. Samce Micrixalus wyróżniają się zwyczajem wymachiwania tylnymi kończynami, próbując zwrócić na siebie uwagę samic w okresie godowym, w związku z czym nazywa się je również tańczącymi żabami). Siedliska Micrixalus są wrażliwe na zmianę ilości opadów i dostępności wody, w związku z czym mogą być poważnie zagrożone.

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Micrixalus ( Portuguese )

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Micrixalus é um género de anfíbio anuro pertencente família Ranidae. Estes animais são endémicos dos Ghats Ocidentais, na Índia.[1]

Espécies

O género (e a família) contém 24 espécies:[1][2]

Referências

  1. a b Frost, Darrel R. (2014). «Micrixalus Boulenger, 1888». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Consultado em 11 de maio de 2014
  2. Erro de citação: Etiqueta inválida; não foi fornecido texto para as refs de nome BijuEtAl2014
 title=
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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Micrixalus é um género de anfíbio anuro pertencente família Ranidae. Estes animais são endémicos dos Ghats Ocidentais, na Índia.

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Micrixalus ( Swedish )

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Micrixalus[1] är ett släkte av groddjur som beskrevs av Boulenger 1888.[1]

Tillhörande arter förekommer i Indien.[2]

Micrixalus är enda släktet i familjen Micrixalidae.[1]

Arter enligt Catalogue of Life[1]:

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/micrixalus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ D. R. Frost: Micrixalidae, Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, besökt 2015-10-20.


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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Micrixalus ( Vietnamese )

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Micrixalus là một chi động vật lưỡng cư trong họ Micrixalidae, thuộc bộ Anura. Chi này có 11 loài và 45% bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng.[1]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ “Danh sách lưỡng cư trong sách Đỏ”. IUCN. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 7 năm 2012.

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 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Micrixalus tại Wikimedia Commons


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Micrixalus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Micrixalus là một chi động vật lưỡng cư trong họ Micrixalidae, thuộc bộ Anura. Chi này có 11 loài và 45% bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng.

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Крохотницы ( Russian )

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Танец крохотницы

Самцы обладают своеобразным ритуалом, благодаря которому крохотницы также известны как «танцующие лягушки». Самцы вокалируют, одновременно оттягивая в сторону заднюю ногу с растопыренными пальцами и встряхивают ею. Таким образом они привлекают самок и обозначают принадлежность территории перед другими самцами[4][5].

Спаривание происходит в воде. Самка откладывает икру в ямку выкопанную задними ногами, после чего засыпает кладку песком и гравием. Головастики длиной до 3 см, обитают на глубинах от 10 до 40 сантиметров и питаются органическими частицами почвы[6].

Распространение

Являются эндемиками Западных Гат — горной цепи на западе Индии[3]. Так как их среда обитания находится под серьезной угрозой, представители рода крайне уязвимы[7].

Классификация

На октябрь 2018 года в род включают 24 вида[1][8]:

Галерея

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Ананьева Н. Б., Боркин Л. Я., Даревский И. С., Орлов Н. Л. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Амфибии и рептилии. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — С. 115. — 10 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00232-X.
  2. Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. E. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 236.
  3. 1 2 Vitt, L.J.; and Caldwell, J.P. (2013). Herpetology, Fourth Edition: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, p. 509. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7
  4. 1 2 Biju, S. D.; Sonali Garg; K. V. Gururaja; Yogesh Shouche; Sandeep A. Walujkar (2014). “DNA barcoding reveals unprecedented diversity in Dancing Frogs of India (Micrixalidae, Micrixalus): a taxonomic revision with description of 14 new species”. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences). 43 (1): 37—123. DOI:10.4038/cjsbs.v43i1.6850.
  5. Frost, Darrel R. Micrixalidae Dubois, Ohler, and Biju, 2001 (неопр.). Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History (2017).
  6. Gayani Senevirathne, Sonali Garg, Ryan Kerney, Madhava Meegaskumbura, S. D. Biju: Unearthing the Fossorial Tadpoles of the Indian Dancing Frog Family Micrixalidae. PLOS, März 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151781
  7. Prigg, Mark. Digging the dancing FROGS: Researchers uncover 14 new species of rare Indian amphibians who whip their legs to attract a mate (неопр.). Daily Mail (8 May 2014). Проверено 8 мая 2014.
  8. Amphibia Web. Micrixalidae (неопр.). Provides information on amphibian declines, natural history, conservation, and taxonomy (2017).
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Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Крохотницы: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src= Танец крохотницы

Самцы обладают своеобразным ритуалом, благодаря которому крохотницы также известны как «танцующие лягушки». Самцы вокалируют, одновременно оттягивая в сторону заднюю ногу с растопыренными пальцами и встряхивают ею. Таким образом они привлекают самок и обозначают принадлежность территории перед другими самцами.

Спаривание происходит в воде. Самка откладывает икру в ямку выкопанную задними ногами, после чего засыпает кладку песком и гравием. Головастики длиной до 3 см, обитают на глубинах от 10 до 40 сантиметров и питаются органическими частицами почвы.

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춤추는개구리속 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

춤추는개구리속(Micrixalus)은 개구리목에 속하는 양서류 속의 하나이다. 인도서고츠 산맥 지역에서 발견된다.[1] 춤추는개구리과(Micrixalidae)의 유일속으로 26종으로 이루어져 있다.[2] "열대개구리류" 또는 "급류개구리" 등으로도 불린다. 이전에는 개구리과에 속하는 춤추는개구리아과(Micrixalinae)로 분류되었다. "춤추는개구리"라는 명칭이 붙여진 이유는 짝짓기 상대를 부르는 시각적 과시 행동때문이다. 수컷 개구리가 암컷 개구리의 관심을 끌기 위해 다리를 옆으로 길게 뻗다 접기를 반복하는데 이 모습이 마치 춤을 추는 것처럼 보인다.[3] 춤추는개구리류는 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협에 처해 있다. [4]

하위 종

  • Micrixalus adonis Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus candidus Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus elegans (Rao, 1937)
  • Micrixalus frigidus Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walujkar, 2014
  • Micrixalus fuscus (Boulenger, 1882)
  • Micrixalus gadgili Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1990
  • Micrixalus herrei Myers, 1942
  • Micrixalus kodayari Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus kottigeharensis (Rao, 1937)
  • Micrixalus kurichiyari Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus mallani Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus narainensis (Rao, 1937)
  • Micrixalus nelliyampathi Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus nigraventris Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walujkar, 2014
  • Micrixalus niluvasei Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus nudis Pillai, 1978
  • Micrixalus phyllophilus (Jerdon, 1854)
  • Micrixalus sairandhri Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus sali Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walujkar, 2014
  • Micrixalus saxicola (Jerdon, 1854)
  • Micrixalus silvaticus (Boulenger, 1882)
  • Micrixalus specca Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walujkar, 2014
  • Micrixalus spelunca Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014
  • Micrixalus swamianus (Rao, 1937)
  • Micrixalus thampii Pillai, 1981
  • Micrixalus uttaraghati Biju, Garg, Gururaja, Shouche, and Walukar, 2014

계통 분류

2014년 현재, 개구리목의 계통 분류는 다음과 같다.[5][6]

신와아목

유령개구리과

       

나시카바트라쿠스과

   

세이셸개구리과

           

칼립토케팔렐라과

     

림노디나스테스과

   

거북개구리과

       

청개구리상과 / 황금개구리상과

    개구리상과        

풀개구리과

   

아르트롤렙티스과

       

헤미수스과

   

비개구리과

       

맹꽁이과

             

디크로글로수스과

   

오돈토바트라쿠스과

         

아프리카황소개구리과

   

아프리카급류개구리과

     

골리앗개구리과

         

춤추는개구리과

         

케라토바트라쿠스과

     

산청개구리과

   

만텔라과

       

인도개구리과

       

닉티바트라쿠스과

   

피티카데나과

             

프리노바트라쿠스과

   

개구리과

             

사진

각주

  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). Micrixalus Boulenger, 1888”. 《Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0》. American Museum of Natural History. 2014년 5월 11일에 확인함.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). “Micrixalidae Dubois, Ohler, and Biju, 2001”. 《Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0》. American Museum of Natural History. 2014년 5월 11일에 확인함.
  3. “14 new species of frog nicknamed 'dancing' frogs”. 《BBC.co.uk》. 2014년 5월 8일. 2014년 5월 10일에 확인함.
  4. Prigg, Mark (2014년 5월 8일). “Digging the dancing FROGS: Researchers uncover 14 new species of rare Indian amphibians who whip their legs to attract a mate”. 《Daily Mail》. 2014년 5월 8일에 확인함.
  5. 2012. UC Regents, Berkeley, CA. “Phylogenetic view of Amphibia”. 《AmphibiaWeb》.
  6. Barej; 외. “The first endemic West African vertebrate family . a new anuran family highlighting the uniqueness of the Upper Guinean biodiversity hotspot”. 《Frontiers in Zoology 2014, 11:8》.
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