Pseudophilomedes fornix Kornicker 1994

Pseudophilomedes fornix

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin fornix (arch, vault).

HOLOTYPE.—Ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol in collection of the Museum of Victoria.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Slope 53, 34°52.72′S, 151°15.04′E, New South Wales, 54 km ESE of Nowra; depth 996 m.

PARATYPES.—None.

DISTRIBUTION.—Slope 53,996 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 62, 63).—Carapace elongate with straight posterodorsal hinge, shallow incisur, straight oblique posterior margin, and rounded posteroventral comer (caudal process) (Figure 62a–c). Scattered bristles more abundant along edges of valve (Figure 62b,c). Surface appearing smooth but at high magnification (×15 ocular, ×20 objective) minute spines and punctae visible along ventral edge of valves. Posterior edge of left valve folded inward forming narrow lip (Figure 62e).

Infold: Rostral infold with row of 4 spinous undivided bristles (Figure 62d). Anteroventral infold with short bristle near inner end of incisur (Figure 62d), and about 6 ridges parallel to valve edge. Infold of caudal process with row of 5 spinous bristles near upper end (Figure 62e). Five bristles present along inner margin of infold in vicinity of caudal process (only posterior 4 shown in Figure 62e).

Selvage: Fairly broad unsegmented lamellar prolongation with long marginal hairs along anterodorsal, anterior, anteroventral, ventral, and posterior margins but not observed along edge of caudal process; selvage divided at inner end of incisur (Figure 62d).

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments (Figure 62f): About 22 individual scars.

Carapace Size (length, height in mm): Holotype, 1.41, 0.87.

First Antenna: 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral spines, and dorsal bristle with short spines (Figure 62g). 3rd joint with few dorsal, ventral, and lateral spines, 2 dorsal bristles with short or long spines, and 1 ventral bristle with short spines. 4th joint with distal ventral spines, distal lateral spines near ventral margin, distal medial spines, and 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal) with short spines. Sensory bristle of long 5th joint with small proximal filament, minute distal filament, and 2 minute terminal filaments. 6th joint fused to 5th, with short medial bristle (with short spines) near dorsal margin. 7th joint (Figure 62h): a-bristle (with short marginal spines) twice length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle about twice length of a-bristle, bare except for minute terminal filament; c-bristle about twice length of b-bristle and same length as bristle of 5th joint, with 2 minute distal filaments and 2 minute terminal filaments. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles almost same length as c-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle shorter than c-bristle, with minute distal filament and 2 minute terminal filaments; g-bristle same length as c-bristle, with small proximal filament, 2 minute distal filaments, and 2 minute terminal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare or with few indistinct spines and hairs near endopodite. Endopodite elongate, either 1- or 2-jointed, with broadly rounded tip, with 2 small proximal bristles and 1 long spinous ventral bristle near midlength (Figure 62i). (Endopodite obscured on both mounted limbs of holotype, and the number of joints could not be determined.) Exopodite: 1st joint with small recurved tubular medial bristle on terminal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint, with proximal dorsal hairs, then slender ventral spines followed by ventral and dorsal natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3–8 longer but with similar distribution of hairs and spines; 9th joint with 3 bristles (ventral bristle long with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory hairs, middle bristle shorter, with small ventral and dorsal spines; dorsal bristle small, with small indistinct marginal spines); joint 2 with dorsal row of spines at midlength; joints 2–8 with row of spines along distal margin.

Mandible (Figure 62j): Coxale endite elongate, bifurcate, with proximal spines, and marginal teeth on both prongs. Basale: medial and lateral surfaces with abundant rows of long spines; dorsal margin with 3 bristles (1 at distal , 2 terminal), all with short spines; ventral margin with 2 bristles (with short spines) with bases on medial side, and 1 distal bristle (with long proximal and short distal spines) with base on margin; lateral side with 1 bristle (with short spines) at midlength near ventral margin. Exopodite not reaching midlength of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, with 2 subequal terminal bristles (medial either bare or with long proximal and short distal spines, lateral with long proximal and short distal spines). 1st endopodial joint with medial rows of spines and 3 ventral bristles (2 longer bristles with long proximal and short distal spines, 1 small bristle with short marginal spines). 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with spines and 3 short bristles (1 just distal to midlength, 2 subterminal) with short marginal spines; dorsal margin with 4 bristles (1 proximal, 3 at midlength) with short spines. 3rd endopodial joint with 1 long terminal bare curved claw, 1 short medial dorsal claw with ventral spines, 1 longer medial claw (with short ventral spines) just ventral to long curved claw, and 3 ringed bristles with short spines.

Maxilla (Figure 63a,b): Precoxale, coxale, basale, and 1st endopodial joint with hairs near and on dorsal margin. Endite I broad, with 1 short slender ringed distal bristle and 4 stout terminal bristles (3 ringed spinous or pectinate, 1 unringed pectinate); endite II narrow, with 3 terminal bristles (2 unringed pectinate, 1 ringed, with short spines); endite III broader than endite II, with 5 spinous ringed terminal bristles. Basale with 2 long ringed ventral bristles with short spines and 1 shorter ringed bristle (with short spines) near dorsal margin. 1st endopodial joint with 1 proximal bristle (exopodite?) and 1 terminal bristle, both ringed and with short spines. 2nd endopodial joint with 2 terminal bristles (1 stout with narrowly rounded tip (with long ventral spines along proximal unringed , and short closely spaced spines along distal ringed ; 1 shorter, slender, ringed, with short spines). (Dorsal bristle usually present on coxale of other known members of genus absent on both limbs of holotype.)

Fifth Limb (Figure 63c–e): Single endite with 1 small bristle. Sclerotized 1st exopodial joint with long fang-like tooth with 4 proximal bristles (1 short stout spinous, 1 minute, 2 slender (1 of latter could be on 2nd joint), many minute spines, and 3 distal pectinate prongs (Figure 63d). 2nd exopodial joint with long fang-like tooth with 2 adjacent spinous bristles at length and 3 teeth along inner margin (proximal tooth with 4 marginal cusps, next tooth with 3 marginal cusps; distal tooth without marginal cusps) (Figure 63e). 3rd exopodial joint with 1 spinous bristle on inner lobe and 2 spinous bristles on outer lobe. 4th and 5th exopodial joints fused, with long hairs and a total of 4 spinous bristles (Figure 63c,e).

Sixth Limb (Figure 63f): With 1 small spinous epipodial bristle. Endite I with 2 small spinous bristles; endite II with 2 bristles (long bristle with long proximal and short distal spines, short bristle with short spines); endite III with 4 bristles (2 long with long proximal and short distal spines, 2 short with short spines); endite IV with 4 bristles (2 with long proximal and short distal spines, 2 with short spines). End joint narrow, with 7 marginal bristles (5 anterior with long proximal and short distal spines, 2 posterior longer, plumose). Limb hirsute (not all hairs shown).

Seventh Limb (Figure 62k): Proximal group with 2 bristles (1 on each side) with distal spines and 2 bells; terminal group with 4 bristles (2 on each side) with distal spines and 2–4 bells. Terminus with opposing combs, each with 3 or 4 teeth (lateral teeth with long spines).

Furca (Figure 63g): Each lamella with 8 claws; claw 3 thinner and shorter than claw 4; claws 1–5 with teeth along posterior margin and hairs along anterior margin (claws 1 and 2 with some teeth stouter than others); claws 6–8 with spines along both margins; claw 1 without stout medial teeth; long hairs present along lamella posterior to claw 8; anterior margin of lamella with spines; right lamella anterior to left by width of base of claw 1. (Teeth and spines not shown on most claws.)

Bellonci Organ (Figure 63h,i): Elongate with about 6 indistinct sutures in proximal ; segment distal to last suture broad with rounded tip; organ bare except for 2 minute spines at tip.

Eyes: Medial eye small, unpigmented, bare (Figure 63i). Lateral eyes absent.

Upper Lip (Figure 63h): Rounded, hirsute.

Genitalia (Figure 63j): Round sclerotized ring enclosing minute globules on each side of body anterior to furca.

Posterior of Body (Figure 63j): Posterior dorsal corner with spines.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 63j): With ventral branch more translu cent than dorsal branch.

Number of Eggs: Holotype with 3 eggs in marsupium; length of typical egg 0.37 mm (1 egg shown in Figure 62a).

COMPARISONS.—The 3rd endite of the maxilla of P. fornix is better developed than in previously described species of the genus, and the 2nd endopodial joint bears only 2 bristles compared to at least 3 in previously described species. In previously described species the 1st exopodial joint of the 5th limb has 2 segments each with 2 or 3 teeth, whereas P. fornix has only 1 segment with 3 teeth.

RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

This family contains 2 subfamilies: Rutidermatinae Brady and Norman, 1896, and Metaschismatinae, new subfamily.

RUTIDERMATINAE Brady and Norman, 1896

This subfamily contains 3 genera: Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896, Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958, and Scleraner Kornicker, 1975. The first two have been reported in shallow near shore water of Australia (Kornicker, 1982:793). Scleraner is represented in the present collection by 1 new species.

SENSORY BRISTLE OF THE 5TH JOINT OF THE 1ST ANTENNA OF THE ADULT MALE.—The genera Rutiderma and Scleraner differ mainly in the endopodite of the 2nd antenna of the female; the endopodite is 1-jointed in Rutiderma and 2-jointed in Scleraner. While describing the adult male of Scleraner trifax, new species, herein (the male of the genus was previously unknown), it was noted that the filaments of the sensory bristle of the 5th joint of the 1st antenna covered the distal of the broad proximal part of the bristle. Because on male Rutiderma the filaments are restricted to about the distal of the broad proximal part of the bristle, the difference in extent of coverage by filaments suggested that this character might be useful in separating males of the 2 genera. Therefore, the sensory bristle of males of Rutiderma, Scleraner, and also Alternochelata (the male of the new genus Metaschisma is unknown), of selected species, of which both the male and female are known, were studied either from descriptions in the literature or from specimens in the collection of this museum (listed below). The 15 species of Rutiderma studied all have filaments of the broad proximal part restricted to the distal or less (2 typical sensory bristles are shown in Figure 64a,b); whereas, the 2 species of Alternata have the filaments restricted to about the distal to (Figure 64c,d), and the single species of Scleraner has the filaments on the distal (Figure 64e). Alternochelata and Metaschisma have on the furca secondary furcal claws between main claws, and therefore, are easily separated from Rutiderma and Scleraner, which do not have secondary claws between main claws. The data suggest that the extent of coverage of the broad proximal part of the sensory bristle by filaments is useful in separating males of Rutiderma and Scleraner. Because the male is known for only 1 species of Scleraner, the variability of the character is unknown; however, because all 15 species of Rutiderma studied have the filaments restricted to the distal or less, it seems likely that the character will hold for other species of Scleraner, when they become known. In the list below, species followed by a USNM number are those reexamined herein. Some species have been described of which only the male is known. Based on the distribution of filaments on the sensory bristle of some of them, it is now possible to conclude, at least tentatively, that Rutiderma species B (Kornicker, 1975:675) (USNM 138667), Rutiderma species B (Kornicker, 1983a:80) (USNM 159042), R. mortenseni Poulsen, 1965, and less certainly R. lusca Poulsen, 1965, have been correctly referred to Rutiderma. Not all filaments of sensory bristles are shown in Figure 64.

Filaments restricted to distal or less

Rutiderma arx Kornicker, in press (USNM 193409)

Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983a (USNM 152851)

Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983a (USNM 157993)

Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen 1965 (USNM 158218)

Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965 (USNM 158220)

Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983a (USNM 159069B)

Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983a (USNM 157878)

Rutiderma lomae (Juday, 1907) (USNM 158260)

Rutiderma mollitum Darby, 1965 (USNM 158209)

Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma ovata Kornicker, 1975 (USNM 137685)

Rutiderma rostratum Juday, 1907 (USNM 158228)

Rutiderma rotundum Poulsen, 1965 (USNM 158215)

Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981b (USNM 158573)

Rutiderma vox Kornicker, 1991a (USNM 158316)

Filaments restricted to distal to

Alternochlata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982 (USNM 158487)

Alternochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983b (USNM 158935)

Filaments restricted to distal

Scleraner trifax, new species (USNM 194019)

Scleraner Kornicker, 1975

TYPE SPECIES.—Scleraner chacaoi (Hartmann) (in Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:328) by Kornicker, 1975:678.

COMPOSITION.—This genus includes 2 species, S. chacaoi and S. trifax, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously known from the Pacific coast of Chile at depths of 30–240 m. In the present collection from off Australia at a depth of 204–400 m.