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Durophage Pupfish

Cyprinodon brontotheroides Martin & Wainwright 2013

Diagnostic Description

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Distinguished from two other Cyprinodon species on San Salvador Island by the following characters: anterior process of the maxillary head extends up to or beyond the most anterior point on the dentigerous arm of the premaxilla with oral jaws retracted (vs. most anterior point on the maxillary head is always posterior to the most anterior point on the dentigerous arm of the premaxilla in C. variegatus and C. desquamator); externally, this skeletal extension presents as a fleshy protuberance nearly encasing the upper jaw when retracted (vs. lacking any fleshy protuberance surrounding the maxillary head in C. variegatus and C. desquamatory); paired nasal bones are not enlarged, but form a more acute angle (approximately 120") with the dorsal margin of the neurocranium (vs. approximately 180" in C. variegatus and C. desquamatory); with either pale or complete absence of banding along the body in both sexes and shortened lower jaws jaws relative to C. variegates and C. desquamator, which always show dark banding along the body and either typical jaw length for the genus or enlarged jaws, respectively (Ref. 94405).
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Morphology

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Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12; Analsoft rays: 11 - 12
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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits six hypersaline lakes (Crescent Pond, Osprey Lake, Oyster Lake, Little Lake,Wild Dilly Pond and Moon Rock Pond). Sympatric with Cyprinodon variegatus in all six lakes and with C. desquamator in four of the six lakes (except Wild Dilly Pond and Moon Rock Pond). Feeds on gastropods and ostracods (Ref. 94405).
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Biology

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Inhabits six hypersaline lakes (Crescent Pond, Osprey Lake, Oyster Lake, Little Lake,Wild Dilly Pond and Moon Rock Pond). Sympatric with Cyprinodon variegatus in all six lakes and with C. desquamator in four of the six lakes (except Wild Dilly Pond and Moon Rock Pond). Feeds on gastropods and ostracods. Spawning occurs in spring and summer seasons, but may be more more common in the spring. Breeding territories are guared by males (Ref. 94405).
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Cyprinodon brontotheroides

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Cyprinodon brontotheroides is a species of pupfish in the genus Cyprinodon.

Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to hypersaline interior lakes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas.

Ecology and taxonomy

It coexists alongside two other closely related Cyprinodon species C. desquamator and C. variegatus. Together, these three species represent a recent adaptive radiation, each having moved into a difference niche within their specialized environment. Each of these species are defined by distinct trophic adaptations that have affected various aspects of functional morphology.[2]

Description

Cyprinodon brontotheroides is durophagous. It has a large in-lever to out-lever ratio for closing its lower jaw with force and a protruding, reinforced nasal region probably used for crushing its specialized diet of ostracods and gastropods.[3] They breed in the spring and the breeding territories are guarded by the males.[4]

References

  1. ^ Lyons, T.J. (2021). "Cyprinodon brontotheroides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T82958597A82962206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T82958597A82962206.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Martin, Christoper (11 January 2013). "Multiple Fitness Peaks on the Adaptive Landscape Drive Adaptive Radiation in the Wild". Science. 339 (6116): 208–211. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..208M. doi:10.1126/science.1227710. PMID 23307743. S2CID 25063734.
  3. ^ Martin, Christopher (2011). "Trophic novelty is linked to exceptional rates of morphological diversification in two adaptive radiations of Cyprinodon pupfish". Evolution. 65 (8): 2197–2212. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01294.x. PMID 21790569.
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Cyprinodon brontotheroides" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
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Cyprinodon brontotheroides: Brief Summary

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Cyprinodon brontotheroides is a species of pupfish in the genus Cyprinodon.

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