Hypostomus kuarup Zawadzki, Birindelli & Lima 2012

Can be diagnosed from other species of Hypostomus, excluding H. alatus, H. denticulatus, H. francisci, H. johnii, H. isbrueckeri, H. luteomaculatus, H. meleagris, H. multidens, H. mutucae, H. regani, H. strigaticeps, and H. ternetzi, by having high number of teeth (58 to 101, mean 77 on premaxilla, and 58 to 105, mean 80 on dentary) (vs. lower number of teeth, rarely more than 50 on both premaxilla and dentary). Differs from H. alatus, H. francisci, H. luteomaculatus, H. meleagris, H. multidens, H. regani, and H. strigaticeps by having dark spots over body and fins (vs. pale spots) and additionally from H. alatus, H. francisci, H. luteomaculatus, and H. regani by having a large premaxillary ramus, 24.0-29.9% of HL, mean 27.1% and large dentary ramus, 22.2-30.2% of HL, mean 27.0% (vs. relatively small premaxillary and dentary ramus, approximately or less than 20% of HL). Distinguished from H. denticulatus by having teeth with asymmetric cusps (vs. teeth with symmetrical cusps); from H. isbrueckeri by possessing an homogeneous caudal-fin ground color (vs. a yellow band ondistal caudal-fin margin in mature males); from H. johnii by having dark spots over body and fins usually faded (vs. dark spots over body and fins always conspicuous), abdomenmostly naked (vs. mostly plated), and by having the upper and lower caudal-fin rays almost similar in length (vs. lower ray considerably longer than upper); from H. mutucae byhaving caudal peduncle wide, width approximately equal to depth at adipose-fin origin (vs. caudal peduncle compressed, depth approximately twice the width at adipose-fin origin),relatively robust teeth on both jaws (vs. slender teeth on both jaws), and body with small dark spots (vs. body with large dark blotches, approximately similar to larger than eye diameter,in specimens around 100 mm SL); from H. ternetzi by having a roughly flat interorbital and predorsal region (vs. interorbital and predorsal region with prominent median keel) and abdomen mostly naked (vs. mostly plated) (Ref. 91068).

Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analsoft rays: 5

Inhabits rapid stretches. Collected in the rio Culuene in the former rapids which are now the current area of reservoir Paranatinga II. The type locality is used to be a rapid area that dried out after the construction of the the Paranatinga II hydroelectric Dam and this species still exists at a fish ladder built at the type locality and certainly also at rapids situated both above (at the mouth of the rio Maria) and below the reservoir (Cachoeira do Adelino). Sympatric with Hypostomus faveolus (Ref. 91068).

Hypostomus kuarup is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Culuene River in the Xingu River basin in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. It is typically found in rapids within its range, although the type locality of the species has subsequently dried out due to the construction of a nearby dam. Despite this, it is still known to inhabit rapids above and below the dammed area, as well as a fish ladder built near the type locality. It is sympatric with its congener Hypostomus faveolus.

H. kuarup reaches 21.8 cm (8.6 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, kuarup, refers to the Xingu ritual known as the Quarup, which is said to have originally taken place at the Cachoeira do Adelino, one of the locations in which H. kuarup can be found.

H. kuarup is sometimes known either as the Culuene pleco or by its associated L-number, which is LDA-080.

庫拉普下口鯰，為輻鰭魚綱鯰形目甲鯰科的其中一種，為熱帶淡水魚，分布於南美洲巴西Culuene、Xingu河流域，體長可達21.8公分，棲息在底層水域，生活習性不明。