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Biology

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The adults are on the wing in May and June and are largely crepuscular (7). They rest in long grasses during the day from which they are easily disturbed, sometimes flying naturally on warm, dull days (8). Caterpillars hatch from the eggs laid by the adults; they are present from July to May and hibernate through the winter, emerging the following spring when they pupate (2). The adults then emerge, starting the cycle again. This type of lifecycle is known as 'single brooded' or 'univoltine', as only one generation (or 'brood') is produced in the year.
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Conservation

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The Species Action Plan produced as part of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan aims to maintain all current populations and restore a further ten populations in the historic range before 2010 (1). Since 1995, an English Nature Species Recovery Programme has worked towards meeting these aims (1).
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Description

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Adult Black-veined moths are white in colour with black veins that are more obvious on the underside of the wings. Females differ from males in that they have slightly shorter wings and thicker, shorter bodies (3). The caterpillars are grey-brown in colour with darker lines along the back and sides (3).
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Habitat

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This moth inhabits lowland calcareous grasslands dominated by tor-grass (Brachypodium pinnatum) where the main larval foodplant marjoram (Origanum vulgare) is present within the sward (1).
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Range

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This species was once known from Kent, Dorset, Sussex, Essex, and Somerset, but now remains in just four sites in Kent (1). It has a wide distribution in Europe and extends as far east as Siberia (1).
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Status

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Classified as Endangered in Great Britain and fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (6).
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Threats

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It is thought that the drastic decline of the Black-veined moth is the result of habitat burning, whether accidental or deliberate, over-grazing and lack of suitable management leading to scrub encroachment (1). The reason for the habitat management requirements of Siona lineata, and the probable cause of the contraction of its range, is the species' requirement for transitional calcareous grassland within a specific stage of succession. The required habitat must exhibit a well-developed sward-mosaic of grass tussocks and herb growth, of sufficient length to offer protection to larvae throughout the winter. In the past, Siona lineata was doubtless able to find alternative suitable breeding habitat when an existing site became overgrown, cultivated or otherwise unsuitable. This is no longer the case, and the maintenance of suitable habitat at existing colony sites must remain the priority (7).
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Gwyfyn gwythi duon ( Welsh )

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Gwyfyn sy'n perthyn i urdd y Lepidoptera yw gwyfyn gwythi du neu gwyfyn gwythi duon, sy'n enw gwrywaidd; yr enw lluosog ydy gwyfynod gwythi duon; yr enw Saesneg yw Black-veined moth, a'r enw gwyddonol yw Siona lineata.[1][2] Mae i'w gael drwy Ewrop.

Galeri

35–40 mm ydy hyd yr adenydd ac mae'r oedolyn i'w weld yn hedfan rhwng Mai a diwedd Mehefin, mewn un cenhedlaeth.

Marjoram ydy prif fwyd y siani flewog.

Cyffredinol

Gellir dosbarthu'r pryfaid (neu'r Insecta) sy'n perthyn i'r Urdd a elwir yn Lepidoptera yn ddwy ran: y gloynnod byw a'r gwyfynod. Mae'r dosbarthiad hwn yn cynnyws mwy na 180,000 o rywogaethau mewn tua 128 o deuluoedd.

Wedi deor o'i ŵy mae'r gwyfyn gwythi du (-on) yn lindysyn sy'n bwyta llawer o ddail, ac wedyn mae'n troi i fod yn chwiler. Daw allan o'r chwiler ar ôl rhai wythnosau. Mae pedwar cyfnod yng nghylchred bywyd glöynnod byw a gwyfynod: ŵy, lindysyn, chwiler ac oedolyn.

Gweler hefyd

Comin Wikimedia
Mae gan Gomin Wikimedia
gyfryngau sy'n berthnasol i:

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru. Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru. Adalwyd ar 29 Chwefror 2012.
  2. Geiriadur enwau a thermau ar Wefan Llên Natur. Adalwyd 13/12/2012.
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Gwyfyn gwythi duon: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Gwyfyn sy'n perthyn i urdd y Lepidoptera yw gwyfyn gwythi du neu gwyfyn gwythi duon, sy'n enw gwrywaidd; yr enw lluosog ydy gwyfynod gwythi duon; yr enw Saesneg yw Black-veined moth, a'r enw gwyddonol yw Siona lineata. Mae i'w gael drwy Ewrop.

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Hartheu-Spanner ( German )

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Weibchen bei der Eiablage
Hartheu-Spanner an Doldenblüte (Video, 52s)

Der Hartheu-Spanner (Siona lineata), auch Schwarzaderspanner, ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Spanner (Geometridae).

Merkmale

Der Hartheu-Spanner erreicht eine Größe von etwa 35 bis 45 Millimetern. Die Art ist tagaktiv und für einen Vertreter aus der Familie der Spanner relativ groß, wodurch sie bei flüchtiger Betrachtung für einen Weißling gehalten werden kann. Ein sicheres Unterscheidungsmerkmal sind die fadenförmigen Fühler des Hartheu-Spanners, während diese bei Tagfalter keulenförmig ausgebildet sind. Auch im Flugverhalten unterscheidet er sich von den Weißlingen. Die Tiere ruhen in der niederen Vegetation und fliegen nur wenige Meter wenn sie aufgescheucht werden. Von ähnlichen Spannern unterscheidet er sich durch eine kontrastreiche dunkle Äderung der Flügel.

Flugzeiten

Der Hartheu-Spanner fliegt in einer Generation von Mai bis Juli.

Vorkommen

Der Hartheu-Spanner ist auf Magerrasen mit trockenen Bereichen anzutreffen.

Belege

Literatur

  • Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs Band 9 (Spanner (Geometridae) 2. Teil), Nachtfalter VII. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-800-13279-6
  • Manfred Koch, Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: Wir bestimmen Schmetterlinge. Band 4: Spanner. 2., verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. Neumann, Leipzig/Radebeul 1976, .

Weblinks

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Hartheu-Spanner: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Weibchen bei der Eiablage Hartheu-Spanner an Doldenblüte (Video, 52s)

Der Hartheu-Spanner (Siona lineata), auch Schwarzaderspanner, ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Spanner (Geometridae).

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Siona lineata

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Siona lineata, the black-veined moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica.[1]

Subspecies

Subspecies include:[2]

  • Siona lineata lineata (Scopoli, 1763)
  • Siona lineata oenotriensis (Staudinger, 1915)

Distribution

This rather common species can be found throughout Europe.[3] It is quite rare in the United Kingdom,[4] only being found in east Kent.[5] It is also present in the Amur and Ussuri Regions, southern Siberia, central Asia, Kazakhstan, Caucasus, Asia Minor and Russia.[4]

Habitat

Illustration from John Curtis's British Entomology

These moths inhabit limestone and chalk grassland, rough downland, open woodlands, pastures and grassy areas.[6][7]

Description

The wingspan is 35–40 mm.[6] Wings are white or cream coloured with dusky veins in the upperside and black or dark brown veins on the underside.[7] The underside of the wings usually shows also a blackish transverse stripe beyond the middle, very faint in the hindwings. Fresh butterflies are usually cream coloured, but as they get older, the wings are becoming whiter. With the disappearance of the scales the black veins on the undersides become increasingly visible on the uppersides through the wings.[8]

The head is small, with large and globose lateral eyes. Legs are long and slender. The males have a long slender abdomen with a curved upward end, while in the females the abdomen is stouter and not curved. The females are also smaller and with more angular wings. In the females the abdomen has three longitudinal black lines.[8]

Biology

The moth flies during the day in one generation from the beginning of May to the end of June [1]. The caterpillar feeds on various herbs, (Origanum majorana, Dactylis glomerata, Hypericum maculatum, Vicia species, Galium verum, Solidago virgaurea, Achillea millefolium, Tanacetum vulgare), and woody plants (Salix aurita, Viburnum opulus).[6][9][10] The species overwinters as half-grown caterpillar and then pupates in a cocoon attached to a grass blade, or a plant stem.[8]

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^ The flight season refers to Belgium and The Netherlands. This may vary in other parts of the range.

References

  1. ^ Catalogue of Life
  2. ^ BioLib.cz
  3. ^ Fauna Europaea
  4. ^ a b Peder Skou The Geometroid Moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae and Geometridae)
  5. ^ Fuller, Christian; Austin, Yvette. "Farmers help conservationists to revive rare moth". BBC News Online. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Black-veined moth on UKMoths
  7. ^ a b Bob Gibbons Field Guide to Insects of Britain and Northern Europe
  8. ^ a b c De Vlinderstichting
  9. ^ Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
  10. ^ Savela, Markku. "Siona lineata (Scopoli, 1763)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved April 13, 2019.

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Siona lineata: Brief Summary

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Siona lineata, the black-veined moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica.

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Siona lineata ( French )

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La Phalène blanche (Siona lineata) est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Geometridae.

Noms vernaculaires

La Phalène blanche est également appelée la Divisée ou la Surlignée. Ce dernier nom se rapproche du nom anglais de l'espèce (black-veined moth)[1].

Description de l'imago

D'une envergure moyenne de 45 mm, ce papillon aux ailes blanc crème à jaunâtre et au corps blanc se distingue d'autre géométridés clairs par les nervures plus ou moins soulignées de sombre de ses ailes[2].

Distribution et biotopes

L'espèce a été signalée dans presque toute la France métropolitaine, où elle ne manque que dans certains départements de l'Ouest et du Sud-Est[3]. Elle est par ailleurs recensée dans la plupart des pays d'Europe[4], et en Asie tempérée jusqu'en Mongolie[2].

Le papillon fréquente les milieux ouverts tels que les prairies et les friches, et vole de mai à juin[2].

Notes et références

  1. INPN
  2. a b et c Vincent Albouy, Papillons d'Europe, Paris, Artémis éd., impr. 2009, cop. 2007, 223 p. (ISBN 978-2-84416-849-8, OCLC )
  3. Lépi'Net
  4. European Butterflies and Moths

Voir aussi

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Siona lineata: Brief Summary ( French )

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La Phalène blanche (Siona lineata) est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Geometridae.

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Vals witje ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Insecten

Het vals witje (Siona lineata) is een dagactieve nachtvlinder uit de familie Geometridae, de spanners. De vlinder heeft een spanwijdte van 35 tot 40 millimeter.

De soort komt voor van Zuid- en West-Europa tot aan Mongolië en het gebied rond de Amoer.

Waardplanten van het vals witjes zijn onder meer kropaar, geoorde wilg, gevlekt hertshooi en geel walstro.

Per jaar vliegt er één generatie van begin mei tot en met eind juni.

Externe links

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Vals witje: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Het vals witje (Siona lineata) is een dagactieve nachtvlinder uit de familie Geometridae, de spanners. De vlinder heeft een spanwijdte van 35 tot 40 millimeter.

De soort komt voor van Zuid- en West-Europa tot aan Mongolië en het gebied rond de Amoer.

Waardplanten van het vals witjes zijn onder meer kropaar, geoorde wilg, gevlekt hertshooi en geel walstro.

Per jaar vliegt er één generatie van begin mei tot en met eind juni.

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Vrouwtje dat eitjes legt

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Paring

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Ribbemåler ( Norwegian )

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Ribbemåler (Siona lineata) er en sommerfugl i gruppen av de egentlige målere (Geometridae). Denne meget karakteristiske arten er hvit med svarte vingeårer. Den er en truet art i mye av Europa men er relativt vanlig på det sørlige Østlandet i Norge.

Utseende

En middelsstor (vingespenn 35 – 40 mm), slank, snøhvit måler. Antennene er svarte, kroppen kledt med hvite hår. Vingene er forholdsvis tynt skjellkledte og noe gjennomsiktige. Vingeårene er mørke, på undersiden har vingene et mørkt tverrbånd, ellers er den helt hvit. Den kan ved første øyekast ligne på dagsommerfuglen rapssommerfugl (Pieris napi), men skilles lett fra denne ved at den har trådformede antenner og hviler med vingene lagt flatt.

Larven er lang og tynn, glatt, lysgrå med små, svarte prikker.

Levevis

Ribbemåleren lever på blomsterenger der de voksne sommerfuglene flyr om dagen i mai – juli. En lang rekke planter oppgis som mulige vertsplanter for larvene, både urter, busker og gress. En ofte sitert vertsplante er bergmynte (Origanum vulgare). Ribbemåleren er en sterkt truet art mange steder i Europa og overlever bare på noen ganske få lokaliteter, men den synes å være vanligere i Skandinavia.

Utbredelse

Ribbemåleren forekommer spredt over det meste av Europa. I Norge finnes den på Sør-Østlandet vestover til Telemark.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Ribbemåler: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Ribbemåler (Siona lineata) er en sommerfugl i gruppen av de egentlige målere (Geometridae). Denne meget karakteristiske arten er hvit med svarte vingeårer. Den er en truet art i mye av Europa men er relativt vanlig på det sørlige Østlandet i Norge.

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Siona lineata ( Vietnamese )

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Siona lineata là một loài bướm đêm trong họ Geometridae.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). “Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2014.

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Siona lineata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Siona lineata là một loài bướm đêm trong họ Geometridae.

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