Carinae Ridge Foliose Coral

Calices: Arranged in rows, mostly indistinct. Rows can be long and continuous, or short and irregular, especially on the fronds (Figures 2a–d). Series of calices are generally arranged parallel to each other and are concentric in the encrusting or foliose parts of the corallum. Series are separated by carinae with variable vertical development and inclination with respect to the corallum surface (Figures 2b–c). At the base of the fronds, the carinae can be very short and resemble hydnophoroid protuberances (Figure 1c). Columella: Well-developed, made by a dash-like process rising from a horizontal fig made of dissepiments from the inner ends of the radial elements (Figure 2d; Veron and Pichon 1980: fig. 137). In the terminal parts of the corallum, especially on the top of the fronds, dash-like processes can be reduced to low-lying ridges mostly continuous between centres and the structure made by the fused dissepiments is more clearly visible (Figure 2e). Radial elements: Radial elements are continuous across the carinae, regularly spaced and equal or slightly alternating (Figures 2c–e). Lateral faces bear regularly distributed, parallel lines of granules or/and ledge-like features called menianae (Benzoni et al. 2012, Kitahara et al. 2012a) often alternating along the same radial element. Such lateral ornamentation is variable and includes single granules, groups of 2-4 clumped granules and menianae with minutely beaded edges (Figure 2f). All lateral ornamentations are oriented in lines parallel to the upper radial element margin. The upper margin of the radial element is minutely beaded and straight in the portions above the menianae and typically attains a zigzag pattern with variable angles in the portions where single or clumped granules are present (Figure 2f).

BMRI 62, Semporna, Malaysia (MV Celebes, Explorer, SMEE), 04°34'01.8"N, 118°45'27.5"E, 11 December 2010, coll. Z. Waheed; IRD HS2856, Prony Bay, New Caledonia, 22°21.230'S, 166°49.300'E, 10 m, 23 February 2011, coll. F. Benzoni; IRD HS2893, Prony Bay, New Caledonia, 22°21.230'S, 166°49.300'E, 10 m, 22 February 2011, coll. F. Benzoni; IRD HS3383, Maré, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia (MV Alis, BIBELOT), 16 February 2014, coll. F. Benzoni. Corallum: Highly variable in shape from encrusting with foliose margins and central knobs (Veron and Pichon 1980) to caespitose with bifacial fronds of variable width growing upward (Figures 1a–c, 2a–b). Fronds can be anastomose (Veron and Pichon 1980). The corallum surface is undulated or corrugated due to the presence of well-developed carinae (Veron and Pichon 1980).