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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 19 years (captivity) Observations: In the wild, these animals may live up to 12.9 years (Clapp et al. 1983). Two captive birds lived to the age of 19 (http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/).
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Comprehensive Description

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Megascops kennicottii, commonly known as the Western screech owl, is a small grey owl belonging to the family Strigidae (Alden 1998). Until the 1980’s the Western screech owl and the similar Eastern screech owl (Megasopsis asio) were considered the same species, but the two are now seen as distinct (Kaufmann 2017). M. kennicottii is native to western North America, with its most common range consisting of coastal British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. It can also be found in Idaho, California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico, but its dispersal is much more patchy and uncommon in these areas (Cannings et al. 2017). Megascops kennicottii, can most commonly be found inhabiting coastal deciduous forests below six thousand feet (1,828 meters) in elevation. However, they are also known to occupy other biomes, such as the non-extreme deserts of Arizona and parks and suburbs in populated areas (All About Birds 2015). They are essentially non-migratory, with a limited range of around three hundred kilometers (Cannings et al. 2017).

Megascops kennicottii has a distinctly short, stocky body, with an average length of 20-25 cm.. It has a wingspan of around 60 cm and usually weighs from 100-300 g. (All About Birds 2015). Females are typically about four percent larger than their male counterparts. The external features of Megascops kennicottii vary slightly depending on their native region, but generally it has brown or grey-brown plumage. The coastal populations of the Pacific Northwest are more diverse in plumage, with seven percent of individuals colored a reddish brown. Its dorsal body feathers are grey or brown with a dark central streak and thin horizontal bars, while its ventral feathers are whitish but also have the dark central streak and horizontal bars. Its remiges (wing flight feathers) and rectrices (tail feathers) are also a brown or dark grey color with lighter, whitish bars, and its face is often pale, ranging from white to pale-brown or pale-grey with dark lateral borders. M. kennicottii is most distinguishable by its lemon-yellow eyes. Its legs and feet are mostly covered with feathers and its toe scales and claws are yellowish to greyish in color, becoming darker toward the tips. Its bill also begins yellowish and darkens to a bluish gray toward the tip (Cannings et al. 2017).

Despite its name, the Western screech owl does not screech, but instead has a call consisting of a series of accelerating hoots with a rhythm similar to that of a bouncing ball. Primarily nocturnal, it hunts a wide variety of small prey including rodents, amphibians, birds, fish, worms, and insects (Cannings et al. 2017). These owls practice the “sit and wait style” of hunting, patiently waiting and watching from above and swooping in on prey (All About Birds 2015). Wild Megascops kennicottii typically live one to eight years. It has been estimated that they begin breeding as one-year-old adults, and attempt to nest yearly. They are monogamous breeders, with females typically laying three to five eggs. They are referred to as “cavity nesters” because they nest in holes of a tree where branches have broken off, rather than piling sticks and leaves together (Cannings et al. 2017).

References

  • Alden, Peter. 1998. National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Pacific Northwest.
  • New York: Knopf.
  • Kaufmann, Ken. 2017. “Western Screech Owl.” National Audubon Society, Guide to North American Birds., http://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/western-screech-owl?site=wa§ion=search_results. Accessed May 21, 2017.
  • Cannings, Richard J., Tony Angell, Peter Pyle, and Michael A. Patten. 2017. Western Screech-Owl (Megascops kennicottii). The Birds of North America (P.G. Rodewald, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/wesowl1/introduction Accessed: May 23, 2017.
  • All About Birds. 2015. “Western Screech Owl” Cornell University, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Screech-Owl/id. Accessed May 20, 2017.

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Authors: Amelia Serfin and Kathleen Ungo; Editor: Dr. Gordon Miller; Seattle University EVST 2100 - Natural History: Theory and Practice, Spring 2017.
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Megascops kennicottii ( Asturian )

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Megascops kennicottii ye una especie de ave de presa nocherniega nativu d'América Central y América del Norte. Pertenez al xéneru Megascops na familia Strigidae. Hai anguaño nueve subespecies reconocíes.[2] El nome científicu conmemora'l ornitólogu estauxunidense Robert Kennicott.

Descripción

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Megascops kennicottii

Tien un llargor de 22 cm, un valumbu de 51 cm, y pesa alredor de 150 g. Les femes suelen ser más llargues que los machos. Esisten distintes variaciones nel color del plumaxe.

Tien una cabeza redonda con guedeyes, güeyos mariellos y un picu amarellentáu. La so apariencia ye abondo similar a Megascops asio, y de cutiu ye más prácticu identificalo poles sos llamaes.[3]

Distribución y hábitat

M. kennicottii ye nativu de Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Hondures, Guatemala, Méxicu, Estaos Xuníos y Canadá.[1] El so hábitat inclúi montes templaos subtropicales y tropicales, montes montanos, carbes, desiertos, campos y xardinos rurales, ya inclusive parques y xardinos suburbanos.[1]

Añeren en montes abiertos o montes marxinales mistos. De cutiu utilicen cuévanos d'árboles o de cactus que fueron escavaos por pájaro carpintero.

Comportamientu

Son activos mientres la nueche o al atapecer. Utilicen el so escelente oyíu y visión nocherniega p'alcontrar a les sos preses. Polo xeneral, cacen dende una percha pa llanzase sobre les sos preses. Tamién pueden prindar inseutos nel vuelu. Aliméntense principalmente de pequeños mamíferos, aves, ya inseutos grandes.

Subespecies

Hai 9 subespecies reconocíes, incluyendo la subespecie nominal:[2]

Referencies

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 BirdLife International (2009). «Megascops kennicottii» (inglés). Llista Roxa d'especies amenazaes de la UICN 2019. Consultáu'l 2011-01-02.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Sistema Integráu d'Información Taxonómica. «Megascops kennicottii (TSN 686659)» (inglés).
  3. Sibley, David Allen. The Sibley Guide to Birds, ISBN 0-679-45122-6

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Megascops kennicottii: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Megascops kennicottii

Megascops kennicottii ye una especie de ave de presa nocherniega nativu d'América Central y América del Norte. Pertenez al xéneru Megascops na familia Strigidae. Hai anguaño nueve subespecies reconocíes. El nome científicu conmemora'l ornitólogu estauxunidense Robert Kennicott.

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Xot de Califòrnia ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El xot de Califòrnia (Megascops kennicottii) és un ocell de la família dels estrígids (Strigidae) que habita des de boscos fins desert amb cactus, des del sud-est d'Alaska, a través de l'oest de Canadà i dels Estats Units, fins a la major part de Mèxic.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Xot de Califòrnia Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Xot de Califòrnia: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El xot de Califòrnia (Megascops kennicottii) és un ocell de la família dels estrígids (Strigidae) que habita des de boscos fins desert amb cactus, des del sud-est d'Alaska, a través de l'oest de Canadà i dels Estats Units, fins a la major part de Mèxic.

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Tylluan sgrech orllewinol ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Tylluan sgrech orllewinol (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: tylluanod sgrech gorllewinol) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Otus kennicotti; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Western screech owl. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Tylluanod (Lladin: Strigidae) sydd yn urdd y Strigiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn O. kennicotti, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r tylluan sgrech orllewinol yn perthyn i deulu'r Tylluanod (Lladin: Strigidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Cordylluan Glaucidium passerinum Cordylluan Bolifia Glaucidium bolivianum
YungasPygmyOwl.jpg
Cordylluan Brasil Glaucidium brasilianum
Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy-owl.jpg
Cordylluan Ciwba Glaucidium siju
Cuban Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium siju).jpg
Cordylluan dorchog Glaucidium brodiei
Collared Owlet.jpg
Cordylluan fannog Glaucidium perlatum
Glaucidium perlatum (Etosha).jpg
Cordylluan frongoch Glaucidium tephronotum
GlaucidiumKeulemans.jpg
Cordylluan Hardy Glaucidium hardyi
Amazonian Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium hardyi) in tree.jpg
Cordylluan resog Asia Glaucidium cuculoides
Glaucidium cuculoides - Mae Wong.jpg
Cordylluan y goedwig Glaucidium radiatum
BarredJungleOwlet-2.jpg
Cordylluan y Gogledd Glaucidium gnoma
Mountain Pygmy Owl Glaucidium gnoma Arizona.jpg
Cordylluan yr Andes Glaucidium jardinii
Andean Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium jardinii) in tree.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Tylluan sgrech orllewinol: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Tylluan sgrech orllewinol (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: tylluanod sgrech gorllewinol) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Otus kennicotti; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Western screech owl. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Tylluanod (Lladin: Strigidae) sydd yn urdd y Strigiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn O. kennicotti, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

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West-Kreischeule ( German )

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Die West-Kreischeule (Megascops kennicottii) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Eigentlichen Eulen. Sie kommt in acht Unterarten ausschließlich in Nord- und Zentralamerika vor. Gemeinsam mit der Ost-Kreischeule kommt sie innerhalb der Gattung der Kreischeulen am weitesten nördlich vor.

Erscheinungsbild

Mit einer Körpergröße von etwa 23 Zentimetern ist die West-Kreischeule innerhalb ihrer Gattung eine mittelgroße Art.[1] Sie kommt in einer grauen und – deutlich seltener – in einer braunen Farbmorphe vor. Sie hat kurze, spitz zulaufende Federohren und einen graubraunen Gesichtsschleier. Die Körperunterseite ist etwas heller als die Oberseite und weist dunkle, breite Längsstreifen sowie einige Querstreifen auf. Die Läufe sind bis zu den Zehen befiedert. Der Schnabel ist schwärzlich.

Verwechslungsmöglichkeiten bestehen unter anderem mit der Ost-Kreischeule, die allerdings einen grünlichen Schnabel hat und bei der die rotbraune Farbmorphe deutlich häufiger ist. Die Flecken-Kreischeule, mit deren Verbreitungsgebiet es in Mexiko Überschneidungen gibt, ist deutlich kleiner.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der West-Kreischeule verläuft westlich der Rocky Mountains von Nord-Kanada und Alaska bis nach Zentral-Mexiko. Die östliche Verbreitungsgrenze steht nicht ganz fest. Möglicherweise überlappt sich im Osten ihr Verbreitungsgebiet mit dem der Ost-Kreischeule. Im Norden ihres Verbreitungsgebietes ist sie ein Teilzieher, der im Winterhalbjahr weiter nach Süden zieht. Die meisten West-Kreischeulen der Population sind jedoch Standvögel.

Ihr Lebensraum sind aride bis semi-humide Waldgebiete. Sie präferiert insbesondere Kiefern-Eichenwälder. Sie kommt auch in Regionen vor, die nur einen lockeren Baumbestand aufweisen, und besiedelt auch Halbwüsten mit großen Kakteen. Sie hat sich auch den menschlichen Siedlungsraum erschlossen und kommt in den Gärten und Parks von Vorstädten vor.

Lebensweise

Die West-Kreischeule ist eine nachtaktive Eulenart. Sie wird normalerweise zwanzig bis dreißig Minuten nach Sonnenuntergang aktiv. Ihr Nahrungsspektrum sind überwiegend Insekten, aber auch kleine Wirbeltiere wie Säuger, Vögel, Frösche und Reptilien. Gelegentlich übertrifft die Beute die Eule in der Körpergröße.[2] Insbesondere im Winter spielen Kleinsäuger eine große Rolle in der Ernährung der West-Kreischeule. Während dieser Zeit legt sie auch Nahrungsdepots an.

Die Fortpflanzungszeit beginnt bereits im späten Februar, wenn die Männchen ihren Gesang bei Einbruch der Dämmerung hören lassen. Als Nistgelegenheit werden in der Regel Baumhöhlen gewählt. Das Gelege besteht aus drei bis sieben Eiern.[2] Es brütet allein das Weibchen, das das Brutgeschäft mit der Ablage des ersten Eis aufnimmt. Die Jungen schlüpfen entsprechend asynchron. Sie verlassen das Nest etwa in einem Alter von vier Wochen, werden aber von den Elternvögeln für weitere fünf bis sechs Wochen betreut.

Unterarten

Es sind neun Unterarten bekannt:[3]

  • Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Elliot, DG, 1867)[4] kommt vom Südosten Alaskas bis in den Nordwesten Kaliforniens vor.
  • Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei Brewster, 1891[5] ist vom Südosten British Columbias bis in den Nordosten Kaliforniens und nach Wyoming verbreitet.
  • Megascops kennicottii bendirei (Brewster, 1882)[6] kommt vom südlichen zentralen Oregon bis in den Norden Baja Californias vor.
  • Megascops kennicottii aikeni Brewster, 1891[7] ist vom Westen Texas westlich bis Colorado, Utah, Nevada und in den Osten Kaliforniens verbreitet.
  • Megascops kennicottii cardonensis (Huey, 1926)[8] kommt im Nordosten Baja Californias vor.
  • Megascops kennicottii xantusi Brewster, 1902[9] ist im Süden Baja Californias verbreitet.
  • Megascops kennicottii yumanensis (Miller, AH & Miller, L, 1951)[10] ist im Südosten Kaliforniens, im Südwesten Arizonas und im Nordwesten Sonoras verbreitet
  • Megascops kennicottii vinaceus Brewster, 1888[11] kommt im Süden Sonoras bis Sinaloa vor.
  • Megascops kennicottii suttoni (Moore, RT, 1941)[12] ist vom Südwesten Texas (USA) bis auf das zentralmexikanische Plateau verbreitet.

Belege

Einzelbelege

  1. König et al., S. 282
  2. a b König et al., S. 283
  3. IOC World Bird List Owls
  4. Daniel Giraud Elliot, S. 99.
  5. William Brewster (1891), S. 140.
  6. William Brewster (1882), S. 31.
  7. William Brewster (1891), S. 139.
  8. Laurence Markham Huey, S. 360.
  9. William Brewster (1902), S. 93.
  10. Alden Holmes Miller u. a. S. 172.
  11. William Brewster (1888), S. 88.
  12. Robert Thomas Moore, S. 154.

Literatur

  • Claus König, Friedhelm Weick: Owls of the World. Christopher Helm, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-7136-6548-2
  • Daniel Giraud Elliot: Description of an Apparently New Species of Owl, of the Genus Scops. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Band 19, 1863, S. 99–100 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • William Brewster: On Kennicott's Owl and some of its allies, with a description of a proposed new race. In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Band 7, Nr. 1, 1882, S. 27–33 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • William Brewster: Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas. In: The Auk. Band 5, Nr. 1, 1888, S. 82–95 (sora.unm.edu [PDF; 697 kB]).
  • William Brewster: Descriptions of Seven Supposed New North American Birds. In: The Auk. Band 8, Nr. 2, 1891, S. 139–149 (sora.unm.edu [PDF; 522 kB]).
  • William Brewster: Birds of the Cape Region of Lower California. In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. Band 41, Nr. 1, 1902, S. 1–242 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • Robert Thomas Moore: Three new races in the genus Otus from central Mexico. In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Band 54, 1941, S. 151–159 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • Laurence Markham Huey: Notes from Northwestern Lower California, with the Description of an Apparently New Race of the Screech Owl. In: The Auk. Band 43, Nr. 3, 1926, S. 347–362 (sora.unm.edu [PDF; 900 kB]).
  • Alden Holmes Miller, Loye Miller: Geographic Variation of the Screech Owls of the Deserts of Western North America. In: The Condor. Band 53, Nr. 4, 1951, S. 161–177 (sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1,4 MB]).

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West-Kreischeule: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Die West-Kreischeule (Megascops kennicottii) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Eigentlichen Eulen. Sie kommt in acht Unterarten ausschließlich in Nord- und Zentralamerika vor. Gemeinsam mit der Ost-Kreischeule kommt sie innerhalb der Gattung der Kreischeulen am weitesten nördlich vor.

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Western screech owl

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Western screech owl in the Pacific Northwest

The western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii) is a small owl native to North and Central America, closely related to the eastern screech owl. The scientific name commemorates the American naturalist Robert Kennicott.

Description

Length averages 22 cm (8.7 in), wingspan 55 cm (22 in), and weight 143 g (5.0 oz). Weight ranges from 88 to 220 g (3.1 to 7.8 oz).[3] Females are larger than males and northern populations are notably larger than southern populations.[4] Adults are larger than whiskered screech owls, with larger feet and a more streaked plumage pattern.

There are several morphs: brown Pacific, grey Pacific, Great Plains, Mojave, and Mexican. All have either brown or dark gray plumage with streaking on the underparts. There is no red morph. This brown and gray streaky coloring allows the owl to camouflage with trees and hide from predators.[5]

They have a round head with ear tufts, yellow eyes, and a yellowish bill. Their appearance is quite similar to whiskered and eastern screech owls, so it is best to identify them by their calls. They were previously considered to be the same species as the eastern screech owl.[6]

Call

The primary call is an accelerating series of short whistles at an increasing tempo or a short then long trill falling slightly at end. Other calls: barking and chuckling, similar to the eastern screech owl.[6] They also make a high pitched screech.

The two primary songs for the Western Screen Owl are the bounce and double trill. In a recent study, researchers utilizes sonographic analysis of tape-recorded vocalizations to analyze whether the songs differ in male and females and if so, how accurately could songs be classified by sex. It was discovered that on average, male bounce songs were ~30% lower in frequency than bounce songs of females. However, song duration, note duration, number of notes per bout, and internote duration did not differ. For trill songs, males were also significantly lower in frequency compared to those of females. In addition, female double trill songs had greater internet distances in the leading portion. [7]

Range and habitat

The western screech owl is native to Canada, United States, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua.[1] Its habitat includes temperate forests, subtropical and tropical montane forests, shrubland, desert, rural fields, and even suburban parks and gardens.[1]

Breeding

Western screech owls are permanent residents of the northwest region of North and Central America, breeding in open woods or mixed woods at forest edges. When attracting a female, a male brings her food and creates a series of clicking noises. During courtship, the pair preens each other's feathers and sing duets with each other.[8][9] Once a male and female become a pair, they produce a clutch of 2-7 eggs.[8][5] The male delivers food to the female as she broods, and once the eggs hatch, the male continues to provide food which the female feeds to the owlets.[8][5] Both mates then protect their owlets by guarding their tree cavity from dangers such as snakes, jays, and crows. The female is inseparable from her young for their first three weeks of life, but afterwards she joins the male in hunting for two weeks until the baby owls are ready to leave the nest.[8][10]

Nesting

Rather than living in traditional nests, Western Screech Owls reside in cavities in trees, banks, or cliffs.[11][8][10][12] Of these cavities, the tree species vary. They include, but are not limited to oaks, willows, cottonwoods, and cacti.[8][5] These cavities are around 1 feet in diameter and up to 1.5 feet deep.[8]

More often than not, these cavities are found by the male owl and were made by natural causes or other species such as woodpeckers. They could nest in these cavities for several years.[8][13][9]

The cavities serve not only as shelter, but also as a camouflaging device against potential predators.[8][13][10] The height for these nests range from approximately 10 to 30 feet above ground.[14][12]

Hunting and prey

These nocturnal birds wait on perches to swoop down on unsuspecting prey; they may also catch insects in flight. They are active at dawn, night, or near dusk, using their excellent hearing and night vision to locate prey. Their diet consists mainly of small mammals (such as mice, rats, flying squirrels, and bats), birds (such as northern cardinals and white-throated sparrows), and large insects (such as cicadas); however they are opportunistic predators, even taking to small trout, annelid worms, scorpions, crayfish, reptiles, amphibians, and smaller birds.[5][15][16] Their diet varies based on the season and where exactly they reside.[5][14][10][15]

Motion-activated cameras have photographed the birds eagerly scavenging a road-kill opossum. They have also been known to hunt mallard ducks and cottontail rabbits, occasionally. Hatching of their young is synchronized with the spring migration of birds; after migrants pass through screech-owls take fledglings of local birds.

Conservation status

Although the western screech owl is slowly declining in the Pacific Northwest, the species is considered "of low conservation concern" due to their nocturnality and general ability to live alongside humans in surrounding trees. Their population is estimated to be 180,000 according to the Avian Conservation Assessment Database Scores.[8] In areas densely populated by people, human noise can be a disturbance to their creation of nest cavities and human devastation of forests negatively impacts their habitat. Climate disasters such as fires and heat waves can endanger their livelihood. Humans have made efforts to provide manmade shelter, such as nest boxes, for Western Screech-Owls. The owls have proven to be receptive to these habitats.[17][5][9]

Subspecies

There are 9 recognized subspecies:[18]

Gallery

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Megascops kennicottii.
Wikispecies has information related to Megascops kennicottii.
  1. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Megascops kennicottii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22688747A93207555. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688747A93207555.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
  4. ^ [1] (2011).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Western Screech-Owl | The Peregrine Fund". www.peregrinefund.org. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b The Sibley Guide to Birds, by David Allen Sibley, ISBN 0-679-45122-6
  7. ^ Herting, Brian L (1 October 2001). "Bounce and Double Trill Songs of Male and Female Western Screech-Owls: Characterization and Usefulness for Classification of Sex". The Auk. 118 (4): 1095. doi:10.1093/auk/118.4.1095. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Western Screech-Owl Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b c "Western Screech-Owl". Audubon. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d Applegate, Roger D.; Snyder, Noel F. R.; Snyder, Helen A. (1993). "Birds of Prey: Natural History and Conservation of North American Raptors". Maine Naturalist. 1 (3): 175. doi:10.2307/3858244. ISSN 1063-3626. JSTOR 3858244.
  11. ^ Abeloe, Tiffany N.; Hardy, Paul C. (1997). "Western Screech-Owls Diurnally Roosting in a Cave". The Southwestern Naturalist. 42 (3): 349–351. ISSN 0038-4909. JSTOR 30055291.
  12. ^ a b "Western Screech-Owl". NestWatch. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  13. ^ a b "Western Screech-Owl | The Peregrine Fund". www.peregrinefund.org. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Western Screech-Owl Facts - NatureMapping". naturemappingfoundation.org. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Otus kennicottii (Western screech owl)". Animal Diversity Web.
  16. ^ Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D.A. & Franklin, K. & Mead, D. & Burton, P.. (2001). Raptors of the world. Helm Identification Guides.
  17. ^ "Western Screech-Owl Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  18. ^ "Megascops kennicottii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 April 2011.

References

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Western screech owl: Brief Summary

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Western screech owl in the Pacific Northwest

The western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii) is a small owl native to North and Central America, closely related to the eastern screech owl. The scientific name commemorates the American naturalist Robert Kennicott.

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Okcidenta kriĉostrigo ( Esperanto )

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La Okcidenta kriĉostrigo, Megascops kennicottii, estas eta strigo, proksime parenca al la eŭropa Malgranda orelstrigo kaj al la nordamerika Orienta kriĉostrigo. La scienca nomo devenas el la usona naturalisto Robert Kennicott.

Aspekto

Tiu ĉi estas eta strigo, 21.5 cm longa kun enverguro de 51 cm kaj pezo de 150 g. Inoj estas pli grandaj ol viroj. Estas pluraj kolortipoj: Bruna Pacifika, Griza Pacifika, Granda Ebenaĵa, Mohavea, kaj Meksika. Ĉiuj havas aŭ brunan aŭ grizan plumaron kun strioj sube. Ne estas ruĝeca kolortipo.

Ili havas rondan kapon kun etaj orelsimilaj plumoj, flavaj okuloj, kaj flaveca beko. Antaŭe ili estis konsiderataj kiel la sama specio kun Orienta kriĉostrigo.

Konduto

Ili estas konstantaj loĝantaj birdoj de okcidenta Nordameriko. Ili reproduktiĝas en maldensaj falfoliaj arbaroj, kaj la bordo de miksaj arbaroj. Ili ofte uzas truojn, kiuj estis fosataj de pegedoj.

Kriĉostrigoj atendas sur branĉoj kaj plonĝas suben sur nesuspektaj kaptaĵoj. Ili povas ankaŭ kapti insektojn flugade. Ilia dieto konsistas plejparte el etaj mamuloj, birdoj, kaj grandaj insektoj. Tiuj nearktisaj birdoj agemas nokte kaj krepuske, kaj uzas ilian bonegan aŭdon kaj noktan vidon por trovi kaptaĵojn.

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Okcidenta kriĉostrigo: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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La Okcidenta kriĉostrigo, Megascops kennicottii, estas eta strigo, proksime parenca al la eŭropa Malgranda orelstrigo kaj al la nordamerika Orienta kriĉostrigo. La scienca nomo devenas el la usona naturalisto Robert Kennicott.

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Megascops kennicottii ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El Tecolote occidental (Megascops kennicottii) es una especie de ave de presa nocturna nativo de América Central y América del Norte. Pertenece al género Megascops en la familia Strigidae. Hay actualmente nueve subespecies reconocidas.[2]​ El nombre científico conmemora el ornitólogo estadounidense Robert Kennicott.

Descripción

 src=
Megascops kennicottii

Tiene una longitud de 22 cm, una envergadura de 51 cm, y pesa alrededor de 150 g. Las hembras suelen ser más largas que los machos. Existen diferentes variaciones en el color del plumaje.

Tiene una cabeza redonda con mechones, ojos amarillos y un pico amarillento. Su apariencia es bastante similar a Megascops asio, y a menudo es más práctico identificarlo por sus llamadas.[3]

Distribución y hábitat

M. kennicottii es nativo de Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, México, Estados Unidos y Canadá.[1]​ Su hábitat incluye bosques templados subtropicales y tropicales, bosques montanos, matorrales, desiertos, campos y jardines rurales, e incluso parques y jardines suburbanos.[1]

Anidan en bosques abiertos o bosques marginales mixtos. A menudo utilizan cavidades de árboles o de cactus que fueron excavados por pájaros carpinteros.

Comportamiento

Son activos durante la noche o al atardecer. Utilizan su excelente oído y visión nocturna para localizar a sus presas. Por lo general, cazan desde una percha para lanzarse sobre sus presas. También pueden capturar insectos en el vuelo. Se alimentan principalmente de pequeños mamíferos, aves, e insectos grandes.

Subespecies

Hay 9 subespecies reconocidas, incluyendo la subespecie nominal:[2]

Referencias

  1. a b c BirdLife International (2009). «Megascops kennicottii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 2 de enero de 2011.
  2. a b Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Megascops kennicottii (TSN 686659)» (en inglés).
  3. Sibley, David Allen. The Sibley Guide to Birds, ISBN 0-679-45122-6

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Megascops kennicottii: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El Tecolote occidental (Megascops kennicottii) es una especie de ave de presa nocturna nativo de América Central y América del Norte. Pertenece al género Megascops en la familia Strigidae. Hay actualmente nueve subespecies reconocidas.​ El nombre científico conmemora el ornitólogo estadounidense Robert Kennicott.

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Megascops kennicottii ( Basque )

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Megascops kennicottii Megascops generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Strigidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Megascops kennicottii: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Megascops kennicottii Megascops generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Strigidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Lännenkirkupöllönen ( Finnish )

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Lännenkirkupöllönen (Megascops kennicottii) on pöllöihin kuuluva lintu. Lännenkirkupöllönen on sukua eurooppalaisille pöllösille ja pohjoisamerikkalaiselle idänkirkupöllöselle.

Linnun tieteellinen nimi on kunnianosoitus yhdysvaltalaiselle luonnontieteilijälle Robert Kennicottille[3].

Kuvaus

 src=
Lännenkirkupöllönen

Linnun pituus on keskimäärin 22 cm, siipienväli 55 cm ja paino 143 g. Paino vaihtelee kuitenkin välillä 88–220 g.[4] Naaraat ovat suurempia kuin koiraat ja pohjoiset populaatiot ovat selvästi suurempia kuin eteläiset.[3] Aikuinen lintu on suurempi kuin etelänkirkupöllönen, sen jalat ovat suuremmat ja höyhenpeitteen kuviointi voimakkaammin raitainen.

Lintua on muutamia variantteja: Brown Pacific, Grey Pacific, Great Plains, Mojave ja Mexican. Kaikilla on joko ruskea tai tummanharmaa höyhenpeite ja alapuoli on raitainen. Punaista varianttia ei ole.

Linnun pää on pyöreä ja sillä on korvatupsut, keltaiset silmät ja keltainen nokka. Ulkonäöltään se on aika samanlainen kuin etelänkirkupöllönen ja idänkirkupöllönen, ja siksi sen tunnistaa parhaiten äänestä. Sitä on aiemmin pidetty samana lajina kuin idänkirkupöllöstä.[5]

Ääni

Sen pääasiallinen ääntely on voimistuva sarja lyhyitä vihellyksiä nopeutuvalla tempolla tai pitenevä trilli, joka yhtäkkiä loppuu. Muita ääniä ovat haukkuva ja kaakattava ääni, kuten idänkirkupöllösellä.[5] Ne päästävät myös korkean terävän kirkaisun.

Levinneisyys ja elinpiiri

Lännenkirkupöllöstä tavataan Kanadassa, Guatemalassa, Hondurasissa, Meksikossa, Nicaraguassa ja Yhdysvalloissa.[1]

Sen elinpiiriä ovat lauhkean vyöhykkeen metsät, subtrooppiset ja trooppiset kuivat ja kosteat alanko- ja vuoristometsät, lauhkean vyöhykkeen pensaikkoalueet, samoin subtrooppiset ja trooppiset pensaikkoalueet, kuumat ja lauhkea autiomaat sekä erilaiset puutarhat ja kaupunkialueet ja pahoin vaurioituneet entiset metsät-[1]

Pesintä

Lännenkirkupöllöset ovat pysyviä asukkaita Pohjois- ja Keski-Amerikassa, jossa ne pesivät avoimissa lehtimetsissä tai sekametsien reunamilla. Ne hyödyntävät usein tikkojen puihin tai kaktuksiin kaivamia koloja.

Saalistus

Nämä linnut odottavat oksalla, josta syöksyvät yllättäen saaliinsa kimppuun. Ne voivat myös saalistaa hyönteisiä lennosta. Niiden ravinto koostuu pääosin pienistä nisäkkäistä, linnuista ja suurista hyönteisistä. Ne ovat aktiivisia yöaikaan tai aamuhämärissä. Saaliin ne havaitsevat erinomaisen kuulonsa ja yönäkönsä avulla.

 src=
Lännenkirkupöllönen

Alalajit

Lännenkirkupöllösellä on yhdeksän tunnistettua alalajia:[6]

Lähteet

  1. a b c BirdLife International: Megascops kennicottii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 18.5.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Otus kennicottii (TSN 555388) itis.gov. Viitattu 17.12.2011. (englanniksi)
  3. a b Owlpages.com viitattu 17.12.2011.
  4. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0849342585.
  5. a b The Sibley Guide to Birds, by David Allen Sibley, ISBN 0-679-45122-6
  6. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Megascops kennicottii (TSN 686659) itis.gov. Viitattu 17.12.2011. (englanniksi)

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Lännenkirkupöllönen: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Lännenkirkupöllönen (Megascops kennicottii) on pöllöihin kuuluva lintu. Lännenkirkupöllönen on sukua eurooppalaisille pöllösille ja pohjoisamerikkalaiselle idänkirkupöllöselle.

Linnun tieteellinen nimi on kunnianosoitus yhdysvaltalaiselle luonnontieteilijälle Robert Kennicottille.

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Petit-duc des montagnes ( French )

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Megascops kennicottii

Le Petit-duc des montagnes (Megascops kennicottii, parfois Otus kennicottii) est une espèce de rapace nocturne appartenant à la famille des Strigidae et à la sous-famille des Striginae. Son nom latin est un hommage au naturaliste américain Robert Kennicott.

Répartition

 src=
Carte de répartition

Il vit en Amérique du Nord et en Amérique centrale.

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

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Petit-duc des montagnes: Brief Summary ( French )

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Megascops kennicottii

Le Petit-duc des montagnes (Megascops kennicottii, parfois Otus kennicottii) est une espèce de rapace nocturne appartenant à la famille des Strigidae et à la sous-famille des Striginae. Son nom latin est un hommage au naturaliste américain Robert Kennicott.

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Westelijke schreeuwuil ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De westelijke schreeuwuil (Megascops kennicottii) is een vogel uit de familie Strigidae (uilen).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor van westelijk en zuidelijk Alaska tot zuidelijk Mexico en telt 9 ondersoorten:

  • Megascops kennicottii kennicottii: van zuidoostelijk Alaska tot noordwestelijk Californië.
  • Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei: van zuidoostelijk Brits-Columbia (Canada) tot noordoostelijk Californië en Wyoming.
  • Megascops kennicottii bendirei: van het zuidelijke deel van Centraal-Oregon tot noordelijk Baja California (Mexico).
  • Megascops kennicottii aikeni: van westelijk Texas westelijk tot Colorado, Utah, Nevada en oostelijk Californië.
  • Megascops kennicottii cardonensis: noordoostelijk Baja California.
  • Megascops kennicottii xantusi: zuidelijk Baja California.
  • Megascops kennicottii yumanensis: zuidoostelijk Californië, zuidwestelijk Arizona en noordwestelijk Sonora (Mexico).
  • Megascops kennicottii vinaceus: van zuidelijk Sonora tot Sinaloa (n Mexico).
  • Megascops kennicottii suttoni: van zuidwestelijk Texas tot het Mexicaans plateau (centraal Mexico).

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Westelijke schreeuwuil: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De westelijke schreeuwuil (Megascops kennicottii) is een vogel uit de familie Strigidae (uilen).

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Megascops kennicottii ( Portuguese )

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Megascops kennicottii é mais conhecida como Coruja das Torres do Oeste, é uma espécie de ave estrigiforme pertencente à família Strigidae, habitante das florestas decíduas da porção oeste da América do Norte.[1]

Esta coruja tem uma variação muito pequena de cores, comparada com as suas parentes, pois só é cinza.

Referências

  1. a b BirdLife International (2016). «Megascops kennicottii». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2016: e.T22688747A93207555. doi:. Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2021
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Megascops kennicottii: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Megascops kennicottii é mais conhecida como Coruja das Torres do Oeste, é uma espécie de ave estrigiforme pertencente à família Strigidae, habitante das florestas decíduas da porção oeste da América do Norte.

Esta coruja tem uma variação muito pequena de cores, comparada com as suas parentes, pois só é cinza.

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Västlig skrikuv ( Swedish )

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Västlig skrikuv[2] (Megascops kennicottii) är en fågel i familjen ugglor inom ordningen ugglefåglar.[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Västlig skrikuv delas in i tre grupper av åtta underarter med följande utbredning:[3]

  • Megascops kennicottii vinaceus – norra Mexiko (från södra Sonora och västra Chihuahua till norra Sinaloa)
  • M. k. suttoni – sydvästra Texas till Mexikanska platån
  • kennicottii-gruppen
    • M. k. kennicottii – kustnära södra Alaska till nordvästra Kanada och nordvästra Kalifornien
    • M. k. bendirei – östra Washington och Montana till sydöstra Kalifornien
    • M. k. aikeni – sydvästra USA (Kalifornien) till västra Oklahoma, söderut till norra Mexiko (Sonora)
    • M. k. cardonensis – södra Kalifornien och norra Baja California
    • M. k. xantusiLos Cabos i södra Baja California
    • M. k. yumanensis – sydöstra Kalifornien och sydvästra Arizona till norra Mexiko (nordvästra Sonora)

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, men tros minska i antal, dock inte tillräckligt kraftigt för att den ska betraktas som hotad.[1] Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN kategoriserar därför arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]

Namn

Fågelns vetenskapliga artnamn hedrar Robert Kennicott (1835-1866), amerikansk naturforskare, upptäcktsresande och samlare samt medgrundare till Chicago Academy of Sciences.[4]

Bildgalleri

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Megascops kennicottii Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2015-01-17.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2014) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2015-01-01
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 <http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download>, läst 2015-01-01
  4. ^ Jobling, J. A. (2016). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. Ur del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2016). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Hämtad från www.hbw.com.

Externa länkar

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Västlig skrikuv: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Västlig skrikuv (Megascops kennicottii) är en fågel i familjen ugglor inom ordningen ugglefåglar.

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Megascops kennicottii ( Vietnamese )

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Megascops kennicottii là một loài chim trong họ Strigidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan tới Bộ Cú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Megascops kennicottii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Megascops kennicottii là một loài chim trong họ Strigidae.

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ニシアメリカオオコノハズク ( Japanese )

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ニシアメリカオオコノハズク Otus kennicottii-2016-japan-02.png
ニシアメリカオオコノハズク
保全状況評価 LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : フクロウ目 Strigiformes : フクロウ科 Strigidae : コノハズク属 Otus : ニシアメリカオオコノハズク Otus kennicottii 学名 Otus kennicottii
(Elliot, 1867) 和名 ニシアメリカオオコノハズク 英名 Western Screech Owl
 src=
ニシアメリカオオコノハズク

ニシアメリカオオコノハズク (学名:Otus kennicottii)は、は、フクロウ目フクロウ科の鳥類。

概要[編集]

北アメリカ大陸に生息する比較的小型のフクロウ。カナダからコスタリカまでの北米大陸の広い範囲に分布する[1]。温帯雨林や砂漠、農村、熱帯雨林など、様々な環境に適合する[1]。体型はがっしりしているが、その時の気分(緊張や驚き等)によって、大きく体型を変える事が知られる。夜行性。昼間は周囲の風景に溶け込み、他の鳥や動物が接近しても飛び立たずジッとしていることが多い。成長は雄で22-23cm程度、雌で23-24cm程度に成長する。キツツキが掘った巣穴や、サボテンの空洞などを巣として用いる。

生態[編集]

主に昆虫類を捕食するが、冬季など虫の数が減ると、小さな齧歯類鳥類なども捉えるようになる。鳴き声は、喉をゴロゴロ震わせるような、二音から構成される声である。大人しい性格で、北アメリカ原産ではあるが、ペット用として人気があり、日本国内でも販売用に繁殖されている。

亜種[編集]

9種の亜種が知られている[2]

  • Megascops kennicottii aikeni Brewster, 1891
  • Megascops kennicottii bendirei (Brewster, 1882)
  • Megascops kennicottii cardonensis (Huey, 1926)
  • Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Elliot, 1867)
  • Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei Brewster, 1891
  • Megascops kennicottii suttoni (R. T. Moore, 1941)
  • Megascops kennicottii vinaceus Brewster, 1888
  • Megascops kennicottii xantusi Brewster, 1902
  • Megascops kennicottii yumanensis (A. H. Miller & L. Miller, 1951)


動画[編集]

関連項目[編集]

出典[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ニシアメリカオオコノハズクに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにニシアメリカオオコノハズクに関する情報があります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類)。
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ニシアメリカオオコノハズク: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

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ニシアメリカオオコノハズク (学名:Otus kennicottii)は、は、フクロウ目フクロウ科の鳥類。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
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wikipedia 日本語