Isognomon Lightfoot 1786

(For the tree oyster mushroom, see Pleurotus ostreatus.)

Isognomon is a genus of marine bivalve mollusks which is related to the pearl oysters.^[1]

Isognomon is known in the fossil record from the Permian period to the Quaternary period (age range: 254.0 to 0.012 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.^[2]

Taxonomy

This genus is placed in the family Isognomonidae. However previous molecular phylogeny studies have shown that these tree oysters belong in the family Pteriidae.^{[3] [4]}

Description

These oysters grow to be about 4.75 inches (12.1 cm) in overall length, producing a highly irregular shell with a blue-gray and often heavily encrusted exterior but a smooth and pearly white interior. They use their byssus to completely immobilize themselves to the roots of mangrove trees, corals, and other substrates.^[5] It is because of the preference for mangroves that these are sometimes called tree oysters^[6]

Species

• Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791) — Flat tree-oyster
• Isognomon albisoror (Iredale, 1939)
• Isognomon australica (Reeve, 1858)
• Isognomon bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845)
• Isognomon californicus (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon dunkeri (P. Fischer, 1881)
• Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Isognomon fortissimus (L. C. King, 1933)
• Isognomon incisum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857
• Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838) — Lister's tree oyster
• Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895)
• Isognomon vulselloides Macsotay & Campos, 2001

Extinct species

Fossil of Isognomon maxillatus from Pliocene of Italy

Extinct species within this genus include:^[2]

• †Isognomon gariesensis Kensley and Pether 1986
• †Isognomon gaudichaudi d'Orbigny 1842
• †Isognomon isognomoides Stahl 1824
• †Isognomon isognomon Linnaeus 1758
• †Isognomon isognomonoides Stahl 1824
• †Isognomon legumen Gmelin 1790
• †Isognomon maxillatus Lamarck 1819
• †Isognomon nucleus Lamarck 1819
• †Isognomon quadrisulcata Ihering 1897
• †Isognomon valvanoi Rossi de Garcia and Levy 1977
• † Isognomon wellmani Crampton, 1988

Species brought into synonymy

• Isognomon acutirostris (Dunker, 1869): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon anomioides (Reeve, 1858): synonym of Isognomon australica (Reeve, 1858)
• Isognomon aviculare (Lamarck, 1819): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon brevirostre Link, 1807: synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon dentifer (Krauss, 1848): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon isognomon (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon roberti Koch, 1953: synonym of Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon rude (Reeve, 1858): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon rupella (Dufo, 1840): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon sulcatum Lamarck: synonym of Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon vulsella (Lamarck, 1819): synonym of Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)

References

• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Huber M. (2010) Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM
• Coan E.V. & Valentich-Scott P. (2012) Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.

Isognomon est un genre de mollusques bivalves d'eau de mer de la famille des Pteriidae (Isognomonidae pour certaines classifications) et regroupant des espèces communément appelées marteaux.

Liste des espèces

Selon World Register of Marine Species (3 juil. 2011)^[1] :

• Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon albisoror (Iredale, 1939)
• Isognomon australica (Reeve, 1858)
• Isognomon bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845)
• Isognomon californicum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon dunkeri (P. Fischer, 1881)
• Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon fortissimus (L. C. King, 1933) †
• Isognomon incisum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857
• Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838)
• Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895)
• Isognomon vulselloides Macsotay & Campos, 2001
• Isognomon wellmani Crampton, 1988 †

• Isognomon alatus

• Isognomon australica

• Isognomon bicolor

• Isognomon ephippium

• Isognomon isognomum

• Isognomon legumen

• Isognomon nucleus

• Isognomon perna

Références taxinomiques

• (en) Référence World Register of Marine Species : taxon Isognomon Lightfoot, 1786 (+ liste espèces)
• (fr+en) Référence ITIS : Isognomon Lightfoot, 1786
• (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Isognomon
• (en) Référence NCBI : Isognomon (taxons inclus)

Notes et références

Isognomon est genus bivalvium marinorum ad Pinctadas cognatum. Nonnullae huius generis species pinctadae arborum vulgo appellantur quod eae sunt edules, et super radices crescunt.^[1]

Species

• Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845)
• Isognomon ephippium
• Isognomon isognomum
• Isognomon janus
• Isognomon legumen
• Isognomon perna Linnaeus 1767)
• Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1839)
• Isognomon recognitus
• Isognomon vulselloides Macsotay & Campos, 2001

Notae

Isognomon is een geslacht van tweekleppigen uit de familie van de Pteriidae.

Soorten

• Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon albisoror (Iredale, 1939)
• Isognomon australica (Reeve, 1858)
• Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845)
• Isognomon californicum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon dunkeri (P. Fischer, 1881)
• Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon fortissimus (L. C. King, 1933) †
• Isognomon incisum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857
• Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)
• Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838)
• Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895)
• Isognomon vulselloides Macsotay & Campos, 2001
• Isognomon wellmani Crampton, 1988 †

見內文

钳蛤属（學名：Isognomon），又名等盘蛤属，是一種在海洋生活的雙殼綱軟體動物門，which is related to the pearl oysters^[1]。

物種

• Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791) — Flat tree-oyster
• Isognomon albisoror (Iredale, 1939)
• Isognomon australica (Reeve（英语：Lovell Augustus Reeve）, 1858)
• Isognomon bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845)
• Isognomon californicum (Conrad, 1837)
• Isognomon dunkeri (P. Fischer, 1881)
• 扁平钳蛤 Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon incisum (Conrad, 1837)
• 钳蛤 Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon janus Carpenter, 1857
• 豆荚钳蛤 Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)
• 方形钳蛤 Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• 细肋钳蛤 Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838) — Lister's tree oyster
• Isognomon recognitus (Mabille, 1895)
• Isognomon vulselloides Macsotay & Campos, 2001

Species brought into synonymy

• Isognomon acutirostris (Dunker, 1869): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon anomioides (Reeve, 1858): synonym of Isognomon australica (Reeve, 1858)
• Isognomon aviculare (Lamarck, 1819): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon brevirostre Link, 1807: synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon dentifer (Krauss, 1848): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon isognomon (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon roberti Koch, 1953: synonym of Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon rude (Reeve, 1858): synonym of Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Isognomon rupella (Dufo, 1840): synonym of Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819)
• Isognomon sulcatum Lamarck: synonym of Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Isognomon vulsella (Lamarck, 1819): synonym of Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791)

參考資料

• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Huber M. (2010) Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world’s marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM
• Coan E.V. & Valentich-Scott P. (2012) Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.