Actinioidea Rafinesque 1815

Figure 3.Anemonia sargassensis. A Live specimen in natural habitat B Oral view C Pedal disc view D Cross section through distal column showing mesenteries; arrows indicate siphonoglyphs E Detail of cross section through distal column showing a siphonoglyph F Detail of retractor and parietobasilar muscles G Longitudinal section through margin showing acrorhagi and marginal sphincter muscle H Longitudinal section through base showing basilar muscles I Cross section through tentacle J–U Cnidae.– acrorhagi: J small basitrich K basitrich L holotrich; actinopharynx: M small basitrich N microbasic p-mastigophore; column: O basitrich; filaments: P basitrich Q microbasic b-mastigophore R microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: S small basitrich T basitrich U spirocyst. Abbreviations.– acr: acrorhagi, bm: basilar muscle, e: epidermis, fo: fosse, g: gastrodermis, la: larvae, lm: longitudinal muscle, m: mesoglea, mp: marginal projection, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, pm: parietobasilar muscle, rm: retractor muscle, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, t: tentacle. Scale bars: A–C: 10 mm; D–I: 200 μm; J–U: 25 μm.

Figure 1.Stylobates birtlesi sp. n. holotype MTQ G57579 a, b soon after collection (photo: RA Birtles) c, d preserved specimen with Sympagurus trispinosus showing position of oral disc of anemone e preserved specimen: shortest tentacles beside longest ones (on right side of oral disc in this view); tentacles grade in length between longest and shortest around other side of oral disc (dashed line indicates directive axis) f preserved specimen without hermit crab showing aperture and part of carcinoecium not covered by anemone (arrow). Scale bars 20 mm.

Tidepools, coastal La Jolla, California.

Description: The genus Liponema is very distinctive and allopatrically distributed with many records in the Barents Sea. They are very delicate and look very different alive to when collected and hauled to the surface, after which the tentacles are lost. Item Type: Image Title: Liponema multicorne Copyright: Statoil and DNV Species: Liponema multicorne Site: Arctic -- Barents -- Norway Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 370 Countries: Norway -- Norwegian Sector Project Partners: Statoil, DNV Deposited By: Dr Andrew Gates Deposited On: 19 July 2011

Heteractis aurora is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Amphiprion chrysopterus (Orangefin anemonefish). South Pacific Ocean, Duration 23 seconds

South Pacific Ocean, Duration 10 seconds

Macrodactyla doreensis is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Dascyllus trimaculatus (Threespot damsel). Coral Sea, Duration 30 seconds

Coral Sea, Duration 16 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 7 seconds

Cerbère Pyrénées-Orientales France

Cerbère Pyrénées-Orientales France

Nordsømuseet Hirtshals

Kattegatcentret Grenå

Figure 4.Anthopleura pallida. A Oral view B Lateral view C Detail of directives and siphonoglyph D Cross section through proximal column E Longitudinal section through margin showing acrorhagi and marginal sphincter muscle F Detail of spermatic cysts G Longitudinal section through distal column showing one verruca H Longitudinal section through base showing basilar muscles I–X Cnidae.– acrorhagi: I small basitrich J basitrich K holotrich L spirocyst; actinopharynx: M small basitrich N basitrich O microbasic b-mastigophore P spirocyst; column: Q small basitrich R basitrich S spirocyst; filament: T basitrich U spirocyst V microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: W basitrich X spirocyst. Abbreviations.– acr: acrorhagi, bm: basilar muscle, c: column, d: directives, fo: fosse, mp: marginal projection, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, pm: parietobasilar muscle, rm: retractor muscle, s: siphonoglyph, sc: spermatic cyst, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verruca. Scale bars: A–B: 10 mm; C–H: 200 μm; I–X: 25 μm.

Figure 2.Longitudinal section through tentacle of Stylobates birtlesi sp. n. paratype MTQ G57580.

Heteractis aurora is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Amphiprion chrysopterus (Orangefin anemonefish). South Pacific Ocean, Duration 13 seconds

South Pacific Ocean, Duration 9 seconds

Macrodactyla doreensis is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Periclimenes brevicarpalis (Popcorn shrimp). Coral Sea, Duration 17 seconds

Entacmaea medusivora is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Sphaeramia orbicularis (Orbicular cardinalfish). North Pacific Ocean, Duration 26 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 12 seconds

Cerbère Pyrénées-Orientales France