dcsimg

Biology

provided by Arkive
Spotted handfish spawn during September and October (3), the male enticing the female by his courtship display (5). Compared to many other fish, the female produces a relatively small number of eggs; around 80 to 250 eggs are spawned and these are often positioned around the base of a sea squirt (a jelly-like invertebrate) (3). The female guards the eggs for seven to eight weeks until the fully-formed juveniles hatch. These tiny young measure a mere six to seven millimetres and when they emerge, move straight to the bottom of the seabed, instead of dispersing (3). These fish feed by sucking in prey items (5), including shrimps, small fish and small crustaceans such as amphipods (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Conservation

provided by Arkive
Just two spotted handfish were reported between 1990 and 1994; this dire state of the population led to the formation of the Spotted Handfish Recovery Team in 1996 (3). The Recovery Team consists of a number of government agencies concerned with saving this rare, and bizarre, fish. Research into existing wild populations and the development of captive breeding techniques are some of the priorities of the recovery plan (3). Initial work has been encouraging, with successful breeding attempts from two adult pairs of spotted handfish at the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries Aquaculture (2). A captive population may be used in a future re-introduction programme to restore these fish to some of their previous range (6).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Description

provided by Arkive
The spotted handfish is one of the world's most endangered marine fish. This extremely distinctive fish is almost pear-shaped (2) and unusually, has hand-like 'paired fins' that enable it to 'walk' along the seafloor (3); both the pectoral and ventral fins are used in this locomotion (4). When swimming through the water, the unpaired or 'median' fins (such as the tail and anal fin) are used (4). These fish are cream in colour with a myriad of dusky brown, and occasionally yellow-brown spots (4), the pattern of which is unique to each individual (3). Some individuals also have orange markings on their fins. Handfish have a small lure just above their mouth, the function of which is unknown but does not appear to be used to entice prey (4).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Habitat

provided by Arkive
These bottom-dwelling fish are found on coarse to fine sand and silt, in coastal waters from depths of 2 to 30 metres (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Range

provided by Arkive
Endemic to the lower Derwent River estuary in Tasmania, the spotted handfish was a relatively common species until the 1980s. The species has declined massively, however; only three breeding colonies were known to exist in 1998 (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Status

provided by Arkive
Classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Threats

provided by Arkive
The spotted handfish was common in the lower Derwent River estuary until the mid 1980s, when the species underwent a catastrophic decline (2). Although unproven, it is thought that the introduction of the northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis) to Tasmania at this time may be the key to the decimation of the handfish population (3). These seastars are voracious predators of shellfish and it is thought that they may also eat the eggs of handfish or the sea squirts upon which the eggs are attached (2). The deterioration of coastal habitats due to development may also be involved in the decline (3). This species is under added threat from its vastly reduced population, limited dispersal, restricted distribution and low reproductive rate (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Trophic Strategy

provided by Fishbase
Occurs in the continental shelf and inshore waters (Ref. 7300, 75154); also in coarse to fine sand habitats in depths of 5-40 m (most commonly 5-10 m). Often found in shallow, shell-filled depressions or near rocks of low relief projecting from the substrate (Ref. 30684).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Grace Tolentino Pablico
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Morphology

provided by Fishbase
Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 21; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Estelita Emily Capuli
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
This species is unique in having the following set of characters: esca small, 15-26% (mean 20%) of illicium length (including esca); illicium very slender, no dermal spinules, length 19-20% SL (mean 20%), 2.3-2.4 times in head length; eye moderate, exceeding 5.4 times in head; body entirely covered with close-set, non-imbricate scales; scale bases subcircular with longunicuspid spinules (except for those closely-associated with pores of the acoustico-lateralis system); spinules originating from middle of scale base, variable in length over body; second dorsal-fin rays 17-19 (mean 18), fin base 61-64 (mean 62%) SL; first ray of first dorsal fin length 0.7-1.0 times length of longest ray of second dorsal fin; anal-fin rays 8-10; pectoral-fin rays usually 7 ; upper body usually covered with fine dark spots or short streaks (rarely with long streaks on head); caudal fin with dense coverage of fine spots, forming a dark submarginal bar in juveniles (Ref. 72490).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Estelita Emily Capuli
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Biology

provided by Fishbase
Occurs in the continental shelf and inshore waters (Ref. 7300). Occurs in coarse to fine sand habitats in depths of 5-40 m (most commonly 5-10 m). Often found in shallow, shell-filled depressions or near rocks of low relief projecting from the substrate (Ref. 30684). Length only preliminary, replace with better value (RF). Egg masses contain about 80-250 eggs, about 1.8-2 mm in diameter; egg capsules about 3-4 mm diameter. Newly hatched juveniles are about 6-7 mm SL, attaining at least 9.0 cm SL (about 13.0 cm TL), with adults commonly about 6.0-7.5 cm SL (Ref. 72490).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Breton )

provided by wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Brachionichthys hirsutus[1] a zo ur spesad pesked-mor e-touez kerentiad ar Brachionichthyidae.

Dilec'hiañ a ra o kerzhout war strad ar mor, war-bouez angelloù brenk hag a dalv da dreid dezhañ, e-lec'h neuial.
Bezañ emañ en arvar bras da vont da get abalamour ma vez debret e vioù gant ur spesad stered-mor ebarzhet en endro anezhañ[2].

Doareoù pennañ

Ur barez gant he vioù.

Ar pesk a c'hell bezañ betek 15 cm hed.

Boued

Annez

Bevañ a ra e mervent Meurvor Habask ha brosezat eo e Tasmania hag Aostralia.

Liammoù diavaez

Notennoù ha daveennoù

  1. N'en deus ar pesk anv boutin ebet testeniekaet e brezhoneg evit poent.
  2. (en) FishBase
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Skrivagnerien ha kempennerien Wikipedia |
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia BR

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Breton )

provided by wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Brachionichthys hirsutus a zo ur spesad pesked-mor e-touez kerentiad ar Brachionichthyidae.

Dilec'hiañ a ra o kerzhout war strad ar mor, war-bouez angelloù brenk hag a dalv da dreid dezhañ, e-lec'h neuial.
Bezañ emañ en arvar bras da vont da get abalamour ma vez debret e vioù gant ur spesad stered-mor ebarzhet en endro anezhañ.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Skrivagnerien ha kempennerien Wikipedia |
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia BR

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Brachionichthys hirsutus ist eine seltene Fischart, die endemisch in den Küstengewässern Tasmaniens in Tiefen von zwei bis 40 Metern auf dem Meeresgrund lebte. Heute beschränkt sich ihr Vorkommen auf die Mündung des Flusses Dervent.[1]

Merkmale

Die Fische werden 15 Zentimeter lang. Sie haben eine kleine „Esca“ (Köderattrappe der Armflosser), die 15 bis 26 Prozent der Länge der schlanken Angel („Illicium“) erreicht. Der Körper ist von dichtstehenden Schuppen bedeckt. Bei allen Schuppen, mit Ausnahme derjenigen entlang des Seitenlinienorgans, befindet sich in der Mitte der Schuppenbasis ein Stachel. Die Länge dieser Stacheln ist unterschiedlich.

Die Oberseite des Körpers ist mit kleinen, dunklen Punkten oder kurzen Strichen gemustert; auf der Schwanzflosse stehen die Punkte dichter.

Flossenformel: Dorsale II/17–19, Anale 8–10, Pectorale 7

Lebensweise

Brachionichthys hirsutus lebt auf schlammigem oder sandigem Untergrund, oft in der Nähe von Felsen oder in Vertiefungen, die mit Muschelschalen gefüllt sind. Er bewegt sich auf seinen handförmigen Flossen über den Untergrund, was aussieht, als laufe er. Die Laichzeit liegt zwischen September und Oktober. In diesem Zeitraum legt das Weibchen ca. 80–250 Eier mit einem Durchmesser von 1,8 bis 2 Millimetern. Handfische haben kein Larvenstadium, sondern verlassen als 6 bis 7 mm lange, fertig ausgebildete Jungfische die Eier.

Gefährdung

Brachionichthys hirsutus steht kurz vor dem Aussterben, da seine Gelegebänder von dem ursprünglich nicht bei Tasmanien heimischen Seestern Asterias amurensis gefressen werden.[2] Außerdem leidet er unter Habitatverlust und dem Schwermetalleintrag aus Abwässern.[1] Die Art wird auf der Roten Liste der Weltnaturschutzunion als vom Aussterben bedroht („Critically Endangered“) geführt.

Literatur

  • Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1989, Seite 665 ff
  • Jenny Bruce, Karen McGhee, Luba Vangelova, Richard Vogt, Die Enzyklopädie der Tiere, National Geographic, 2007, Seite 495ff, ISBN 978-3937606958
  • David Burnie, Übersetzt von Gabriele Lehari, Christiane Gsänger, Toni Neuner, Tiere. Die große Bild-Enzyklopädie mit über 2000 Arten., Dorling Kindersley Verlag GmbH, 2001, Seite 521 ff, ISBN 3831002029

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b The Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts The Spotted Hand Fish - Brachionichthys hirsutus
  2. Beschreibungsseite von Asterias amurensis auf issg.org (englisch)
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Brachionichthys hirsutus ist eine seltene Fischart, die endemisch in den Küstengewässern Tasmaniens in Tiefen von zwei bis 40 Metern auf dem Meeresgrund lebte. Heute beschränkt sich ihr Vorkommen auf die Mündung des Flusses Dervent.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Plaket hunfask ( North Frisian )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages
Amrum.pngTekst üüb Öömrang

Di plaket hunfask (Brachionichthys hirsutus) as en raaren fask, di föör Tasmaanien lewet. Dü fanjst ham daalang bluas noch föör a müs faan a Derwent River.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors

Plaket hunfask: Brief Summary ( North Frisian )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Di plaket hunfask (Brachionichthys hirsutus) as en raaren fask, di föör Tasmaanien lewet. Dü fanjst ham daalang bluas noch föör a müs faan a Derwent River.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors

Spotted handfish

provided by wikipedia EN

Drawing of the spotted handfish

The spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus) is a rare Australian fish in the handfish family, Brachionichthyidae, classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List 2020. It has a highly restricted range, being found only in the estuary of Derwent River, Tasmania, and nearby areas, with the main threat to its existence being an invasive species, the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis).

The spotted handfish is an unusual fish, in that it has highly adapted pectoral fins, which appear like hands (hence the name) and allow it to walk on the sea floor.

Description

The spotted handfish is a rare species in the handfish family, Brachionichthyidae.[2]

The handfishes are a unique, Australian family of anglerfish, the most speciose of the few marine fish families endemic to Australia. Handfish are unusual, small (up to 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in length), slow-moving, fishes that prefer to 'walk' rather than swim. Their pectoral fins are leg-like with extremities resemblant of a sort-of hand (hence their common name). The females are believed to reach sexual maturity after two to three years at lengths of 75 millimetres (3.0 in) to 80 millimetres (3.1 in).

Habitat

The spotted handfish It is a benthic fish usually found at depths of 5 metres (16 ft) to 10 metres (33 ft), with overall sightings varying from a minimum of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) to a maximum of 5 metres (16 ft) deep.[1][3]

It chooses habitats based on the microhabitat features. It tends to prefer complex habitats with features such as depressions and ripple formations filled with shells to avoid predators.

Reproduction

Female spotted handfish with her eggs

The species spawns sometime during September and October. Females lay a number of eggs varying from 80 to 250 eggs on a variety of vertical objects, including sea grasses, sponges, macrophytic algae, polychaete worm tubes, and stalked ascidians. The eggs are large in diameter measuring approximately 3–4 mm. Handfish have a short pelagic larval period; their eggs hatch after 7–8 weeks as fully formed juveniles (6–7 mm SL).[4]

Diet

Little is known regarding their diet, but they have been reported to prey on small shellfish, shrimp, and polychaete worms in the wild. When captive in aquaria, spotted handfish eat mysid shrimp, amphipods, and small live fish. Newly hatched handfish have been observed to do quite well on a diet of small amphipods.

The critically endangered spotted handfish

Conservation

In 1996, the spotted handfish was the first marine fish to be listed as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List,[5][6] and is still classified as such (as of 2021, last assessed 2018).[1] It has the same classification under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), and as Endangered under Tasmania's Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.[7] All handfish species are protected under the Tasmanian Living Marine Resources Management Act 1995, which prohibits their collection in State waters without a permit.[8]

The most urgent matter concerning the survival of the species is to address the threat posed by the presence of an introduced species of seastar, the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis), which prey on not only the fish eggs,[9][10] but also on the sea squirts (ascidians)[11] that help to form the substrate that the fish spawn on.[12] Since the seastar, native to Japanese waters, was established in the Derwent River and estuary in the 1980s,[12] efforts have been made to control its spread in Australia.

References

  1. ^ a b c edgar g.; Stuart-Smith, R. & Last, P.R. (2020). "Brachionichthys hirsutus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2020: e.T2958A121210485. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T2958A121210485.en. Listed as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab v3.1)
  2. ^ "Brachionichthys hirsutus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
  3. ^ Bruce, B. D. & Green, M. A. (March 1998). The Spotted Handfish 1999–2001 Recovery Plan. Spotted Handfish Recovery Team. ISBN 0-643-06165-7.
  4. ^ Green, Mark; Bruce, Barry (1998). "Threatened fishes of the world: Brachionichthys hirsutus". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 52 (4): 418. doi:10.1023/A:1007415920088. S2CID 39626211.
  5. ^ Shiffman, David (July 2020). "Smooth Handfish Extinction Marks a Sad Milestone". Scientific American. 323 (1): 14.
  6. ^ Edgar, G., Stuart-Smith, R. & Last, P.R. (2020). Brachionichthys hirsutus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T2958A121210485.en
  7. ^ "Brachionichthys hirsutus — Spotted Handfish". Species Profile and Threats Database. SPRAT Profile. Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (Australia). Retrieved 30 December 2021. CC BY icon.svg Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.
  8. ^ "Family Brachionichthyidae". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 29 December 2021. CC BY icon.svg Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.
  9. ^ "Brachionichtys-hirsutus". Fishbase.
  10. ^ Anderson, Ian (26 February 2019). "Stowaway drives fish to brink of extinction". New Scientist. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  11. ^ "Asterias amurensis". Global invasive species database. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). 10 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  12. ^ a b MacDonald, Lucy (20 February 2021). "Volunteers hope efforts to remove invasive northern Pacific seastar will make a difference". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 February 2021.

General source

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Spotted handfish: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Drawing of the spotted handfish

The spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus) is a rare Australian fish in the handfish family, Brachionichthyidae, classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List 2020. It has a highly restricted range, being found only in the estuary of Derwent River, Tasmania, and nearby areas, with the main threat to its existence being an invasive species, the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis).

The spotted handfish is an unusual fish, in that it has highly adapted pectoral fins, which appear like hands (hence the name) and allow it to walk on the sea floor.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES
 src=
Ejemplar adulto de Brachionichthys hirsutus
 src=
Hembra cuidando la puesta en un tubo de plástico, estrategia exitosa para sustituir la desaparición de ascidias en su medio.

Brachionichthys hirsutus es una especie de pez marino de la familia Brachionichthyidae.

Su nombre común en inglés es Spotted Handfish,[3]​ o pez-mano moteado. El nombre común genérico, "pez-mano", proviene de su insólita cualidad como pez para caminar, apoyándose en sus aletas pectorales y ventrales.

Es una de las especies de peces marinos más críticamente amenazadas del mundo.[4]

Morfología

Este pez es de rasgos extremadamente distintivos: tiene forma casi de pera, y utiliza sus aletas pectorales y ventrales como extremidades para su locomoción por el sustrato marino.[5]​ Para nadar, utiliza las aletas anal y caudal.

De cuerpo moderadamente alargado, ampliamente comprimido, y perfil anterior-superior convexo. Casi triangular en vista anterior. La nuca normalmente es abultada en ejemplares grandes. El abdomen es globoso y el pedúnculo caudal alargado. La cabeza es relativamente corta, hocico corto, ojo pequeño y apertura branquial pequeña. Justo encima de la boca, tiene un apéndice, a modo de señuelo, que puede ser para atraer presas, aunque se desconoce su función exacta.

Tiene 2 radios en la primera aleta dorsal, 17-19 en la segunda aleta dorsal, 8-10 radios blandos anales, y 6-8, normalmente 7, radios blandos en las aletas pectorales.[6]

La coloración base del cuerpo y aletas pectorales es crema, recubiertos de un patrón de puntos y rayitas próximos, de color marrón oscuro, u, ocasionalmente, marrón amarillento. Este patrón es único en cada individuo. Todas las aletas están salpicadas de un moteado marrón. Algunos individuos tienen marcas de color naranja en sus aletas. Los juveniles tienen una banda oscura submarginal en la aleta caudal.

Alcanza los 15 cm de largo.[7]

Hábitat y comportamiento

Es una especie demersal y clasificada como no migratoria.[8]​ Ocurre en aguas interiores de la plataforma continental. Habita fondos de arena gruesa o fina, en aguas soleadas, situado con frecuencia en rocas o salientes emergentes del sustrato.[9]

Su rango de profundidad está entre 1 y 60 m, aunque más usualmente entre los 5 y 15 metros.[6]

Distribución

Se distribuye en el océano Pacífico sudoeste. Es especie endémica de Tasmania, Australia. Su distribución se restringe al estuario de Derwent y bahías adyacentes del sudeste de Tasmania.[6]

Alimentación

Es un predador que se alimenta absorbiendo a sus presas, normalmente gambas, pequeños peces o crustáceos, como Anfípodos.[5]​ También come gusanos poliquetos.[10]

Reproducción

Son ovíparos y de fertilización externa. Desovan en septiembre y octubre, una cantidad relativamente pequeña de huevos, entre 80 y 250. Los fijan a menudo en la base de ascidias. La hembra guarda la puesta durante 7 u 8 semanas, hasta que los juveniles están completamente formados, ya que carecen de fase larval, y eclosionan. Los recién nacidos miden de 6 a 7 mm de largo, y cuando eclosionan se mueven directos al lecho marino, en lugar de dispersarse.[5]

Conservación

Esta especie fue común en el estuario del río Derwent, en Tasmania, hasta mediados de los años ochenta, cuando la especie cayó en un declive catastrófico. Aunque no está probado, se supone que la introducción en Tasmania, en ese tiempo, de la estrella de mar Asterias amurensis, pudo ser la clave de la diezma de la población de B. hirsutus. Estas estrellas de mar son voraces predadores de conchas, y es probable que también coman los huevos del "pez-mano" y las ascidias dónde fijan éstos sus huevos.[11]​ A este amenaza se debe añadir la creciente contaminación de las costas, debido al desarrollo humano, así como la drástica reducción de su población, su limitada dispersión, restringida distribución y baja ratio reproductiva.[5]

Entre 1.990 y 1994 tan sólo se reportaron localizaciones de 2 ejemplares, lo que hizo saltar las alarmas, y el gobierno australiano constituyó en 1996 el Spotted Handfish Recovery Team, o equipo de recuperación del pez-mano moteado. Las prioridades del plan de recuperación han sido, por un lado, la localización de las poblaciones existentes, y por otro lado, el desarrollo de técnicas de reproducción en cautividad. El éxito reproductivo, obtenido en cautividad con dos parejas, posibilitará la posterior re-introducción de poblaciones en sus hábitats de origen.

Referencias

  1. Bruce, B. & Last, P. (1996). «Brachionichthys hirsutus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 23-10-2014..
  2. Bailly, N. (2014). Brachionichthys hirsutus. In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=279954 Consultado el 22 de octubre de 2014.
  3. http://www.fishbase.org/comnames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=24716&GenusName=Brachionichthys&SpeciesName=hirsutus&StockCode=19588
  4. «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 2 de agosto de 2014. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2014.
  5. a b c d Bruce, B.D. and Green, M.A. (1998). The Spotted Handfish 1999-2001 Recovery Plan. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts, Canberra, Australia.
  6. a b c Last, P., Gledhill, D., Holmes, B., (2007). A new handfish, Brachionichthys australis sp. nov. (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with a redescription of the critically endangered spotted handfish, B. hirsutus (Lacepede). (en inglés). Zootaxa 1666, 53-68:. p. 61-67.
  7. Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, (1989) (en inglés) Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.
  8. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/24716
  9. Bruce, B.D., M.A. Green and P.R. Last, (1998) (en inglés) Threatened fishes of the world: Brachionichthys hirsutus (Lacépède, 1804) (Brachionichthyidae). Environ. Biol. Fish. 52(4):418.
  10. http://www.fishbase.org/TrophicEco/FoodItemsList.php?vstockcode=19588&genus=Brachionichthys&species=hirsutus.
  11. Oz Reef Marine Park (agosto, 2002) «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 23 de octubre de 2014. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2014.

Bibliografía

  • Bruce, B.D. and Green, M.A. (1998) (en inglés) The Spotted Handfish 1999-2001 Recovery Plan. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts, Canberra, Australia. Disponible en: [1]
  • Last, P., Gledhill, D., Holmes, B., (2007) (en inglés) A new handfish, Brachionichthys australis sp. nov. (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with a redescription of the critically endangered spotted handfish, B. hirsutus (Lacepede). Zootaxa 1666, 53-68: 61-67, Disponible en: [URL:http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE691923-4513-4B9E-BF2B-9A489465B910]
  • Last, P. and D.C. Gledhill, (2009) (en inglés) A revision of the Australian handfishes (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with descriptions of three new genera and nine new species. Zootaxa 2252:1-77.
  • Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley. (1989) (en inglés) Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES
 src= Ejemplar adulto de Brachionichthys hirsutus  src= Hembra cuidando la puesta en un tubo de plástico, estrategia exitosa para sustituir la desaparición de ascidias en su medio.

Brachionichthys hirsutus es una especie de pez marino de la familia Brachionichthyidae.

Su nombre común en inglés es Spotted Handfish,​ o pez-mano moteado. El nombre común genérico, "pez-mano", proviene de su insólita cualidad como pez para caminar, apoyándose en sus aletas pectorales y ventrales.

Es una de las especies de peces marinos más críticamente amenazadas del mundo.​

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Brachionichthys hirsutus Brachionichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Brachionichthyidae familian.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Brachionichthys hirsutus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Brachionichthys hirsutus Brachionichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Brachionichthyidae familian.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Poisson-main tacheté ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Brachionichthys hirsutus

Les poissons-main tachetés (Brachionichthys hirsutes) sont des poissons de la famille des Brachionichthyidae, qui se déplacent à deux pattes et non à la nage.

Ils mesurent jusqu'à 15 cm de long. Ils vivent au sud-ouest de l'océan Pacifique et sont endémiques à la Tasmanie et à l'Australie.

Ils sont menacés d'extinction depuis l'introduction accidentelle d'une espèce d'étoile de mer (Asterias amurensis) qui se nourrit de leurs œufs[1].

Smooth Handfish Extinction Marks a Sad Milestone For the first time the IUCN Red List has officially declared a marine fish alive in modern times to be extinct

Références

  1. (en) FishBase
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Poisson-main tacheté: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Brachionichthys hirsutus

Les poissons-main tachetés (Brachionichthys hirsutes) sont des poissons de la famille des Brachionichthyidae, qui se déplacent à deux pattes et non à la nage.

Ils mesurent jusqu'à 15 cm de long. Ils vivent au sud-ouest de l'océan Pacifique et sont endémiques à la Tasmanie et à l'Australie.

Ils sont menacés d'extinction depuis l'introduction accidentelle d'une espèce d'étoile de mer (Asterias amurensis) qui se nourrit de leurs œufs.

Smooth Handfish Extinction Marks a Sad Milestone For the first time the IUCN Red List has officially declared a marine fish alive in modern times to be extinct

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Brachionichthys hirsutus (Lacépède, 1804) è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Brachionichthyidae, endemico dell'Australia.[1][2]

Descrizione

Brachionichthys Hirsutus.jpg

È un pesce di piccole dimensioni, che raggiunge la lunghezza di 15 cm.[2]
La sua livrea varia dal giallo al marrone chiaro, con numerose piccole macchie o sottili striature di colore marrone scuro, più accentuate sulla pinna caudale dove formano una banda più scura. Il corpo è interamente ricoperto da squame ravvicinate e non embricate, dotate di corte spinule. La prima pinna dorsale, posizionata molto anteriormente sul capo, ha il primo raggio libero (cosiddetto illicio), più sottile e leggermente più corto dei successivi. Le pinne pettorali hanno estremità palmate che ricordano una mano umana.

Biologia

 src=
Femmina di B. hirsutus con le uova

È un pesce bentonico, che utilizza le pinne pettorali e pelviche per spostarsi sul fondo marino, preferendo "camminare" lentamente con tali pinne anziché nuotare.[3]

Alimentazione

Si nutre di piccoli molluschi, gamberi e vermi policheti.[4]

Riproduzione

Le femmine depositano una massa di circa 80-250 uova, che vengono successivamente fecondate dal maschio. Le masse di uova vengono fissate alla base di un organismo sessile ancorato al fondale, spesso un ascidia del genere Sycozoa, ma anche spugne o alghe; le femmine continuano a proteggere le uova sino alla schiusa, che avviene dopo circa 7-8 settimane.[3]

Distribuzione e habitat

È un endemismo ristretto alle acque del mar di Tasman, in corrispondenza dell'estuario del fiume Derwent (Tasmania sud-orientale).[1]

Conservazione

La Lista rossa IUCN classifica Brachionichthys hirsutus come specie in pericolo critico di estinzione (Critically Endangered).[1]

La specie è protetta dal Tasmanian Living Marine Resources Management Act del 1995, che ne proibisce la raccolta.[5]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d (EN) Bruce, B. & Last, P. 1996, Brachionichthys hirsutus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 1º ottobre 2019.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Brachionichthys hirsutus, su FishBase. URL consultato il 2 ottobre 2019.
  3. ^ a b (EN) Bruce, B.D., M.A. Green & P.R. Last, Aspects of the biology of the endangered spotted handfish, Brachionichthys hirsutus (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae) off southern Australia, in Séret B. & Sire, J.-Y. (eds.) Proc. 5th Indo-Pac. Fish Conf., Noumea, 1997, pp. 369-380.
  4. ^ (EN) Last P.R., Scott E.O.G. & Talbot F.H., Fishes of Tasmania, Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority, 1983.
  5. ^ (EN) Bray D.J., Brachionichthyidae, su Fishes of Australia. URL consultato il 1º ottobre 2019.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Bruce, B.D., M.A. Green & P.R. Last. 1997. Developing captive husbandry techniques for spotted handfish, Brachionichthys hirsutus, and monitoring the 1996 spawning season. Final report to Endangered Species Unit, Environment Australia. CSIRO Division of Marine Research Hobart.
  • (EN) Bruce, B.D., M.A. Green & P.R. Last. 1998. Threatened Fishes of the World: Brachionichthys hirsutus (Lacepede, 1804) (Brachionichthyidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes. 52: 418.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Brachionichthys hirsutus (Lacépède, 1804) è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Brachionichthyidae, endemico dell'Australia.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Vissen

Brachionichthys hirsutus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van voelsprietvissen (Brachionichthyidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1804 door Lacepède.

De soort komt alleen voor in Tasmaanse wateren, meer bepaald in de monding van de Derwent in Hobart. Het dier leeft op de zeebodem, waar hij zich verplaatst door met zijn borstvinnen te "wandelen".[3]

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Kritiek, beoordelingsjaar 1996.[1] Volgens een telling in 2015 zouden er nog 79 individuen zijn. Mogelijk vormen zeesterren een oorzaak in de precaire toestand van de soort. De vis maakt gebruik van zijn habitat om zijn eieren te camoufleren, maar zeesterren (de invasieve soort Asterias amurensis) vernielen deze habitat, waardoor de eieren en de vissen - die op hun eieren letten - kwetsbaarder worden voor roofdieren. Mogelijk eten de zeesterren zelf ook de eieren.[4] Lokale veranderingen in de omgeving spelen mogelijk eveneens een rol.[3]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Brachionichthys hirsutus op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Brachionichthys hirsutus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
  3. a b Rare Walking Fish Population Down to Just 79 : DNews. Discovery (26 augustus 2015). Geraadpleegd op 27 augustus 2015.
  4. Platt, John R., Killer Starfish Threaten Fish That Walks on Handlike Fins. Scientific American (8 september 2015). Geraadpleegd op 12 oktober 2015.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá tay đốm (Danh pháp khoa học: Brachionichthys hirsutus) là một loài trong họ Brachionichthyidae, chúng được biết đến ngay từ chính cái tên của nó. Thay vì bơi lội, những con cá hiếm hoi này tiến hóa vây ngực thành đôi tay và sử dụng tay để đi bộ trên đáy biển.

Nguy cơ

Cá có tay đã xuất hiện trên Trái đất từ 55 triệu năm trước và hầu như không có gì thay đổi cho đến tận ngày nay. Chúng đã tồn tại suốt những năm tháng qua nhưng nay lại phải đối diện với nguy cơ lớn chưa từng có. Dù từng là loài rất phổ biến nhưng đến nay, chúng chỉ còn co cụm tại một địa điểm duy nhất gần thành phố Hobart, Tasmania.

Dân số cá có tay bị suy giảm nghiêm trọng trong những năm qua do nhiều yếu tố, trong đó yếu tố tác động mạnh nhất là do con người gây ra như tình trạng ô nhiễm, biến đổi khí hậu và sự xuất hiện của các loài xâm lấn. Một cuộc khảo sát trên cửa sông Derwent chỉ phát hiện được 79 cá thể cá có tay đang sinh sống.

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Bruce, B. & Last, P. (1996). Brachionichthys hirsutus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 5 năm 2014. Listed as Critically Endangered (CR A1cde v2.3)
  • Bruce, B. & Last, P. (1996). "Brachionichthys hirsutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 5 năm 2014. Listed as Critically Endangered (CR A1cde v2.3)
  • "Brachionichthys hirsutus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 4 năm 2006.
  • Bruce, B. D. and Green, M. A. (March 1998). The Spotted Handfish 1999–2001 Recovery Plan. Spotted Handfish Recovery Team. ISBN 0-643-06165-7.
  • Fishbase.org: "Brachionichtys-hirsutus"."Stowaway drives fish to brink of extinction"."Asterias amurensis" (PDF)."Northern Pacific seastar".

Liên kết ngoài

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá tay đốm (Danh pháp khoa học: Brachionichthys hirsutus) là một loài trong họ Brachionichthyidae, chúng được biết đến ngay từ chính cái tên của nó. Thay vì bơi lội, những con cá hiếm hoi này tiến hóa vây ngực thành đôi tay và sử dụng tay để đi bộ trên đáy biển.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Brachionichthys hirsutus ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Самка с икрой

Биология

Обычно лежат на дне и приманивают жертв с помощью эски. Передвигаются по дну с помощью грудных и брюшных плавников.

Размножение

Самки созревают в возрасте 2—3 лет при длине тела 75—80 мм. Нерестятся в сентябре—октябре. Наблюдается ухаживание самцов за самками. Плодовитость самок низкая и варьируется от 80 до 250 икринок. Каждая икринка диаметром 1,8—2 мм заключена в отдельную капсулу. Все икринки склеены в общую кладку. Самка охраняет кладку в течение 7—8 недель до вылупления молоди. Молодь выходит из икры полностью сформированной, стадия личинки отсутствует. Размеры при вылуплении 6—7 мм. Молодь сразу распределяется по дну, а не разносится течениями[2].

Питание

В состав рациона входят креветки, мелкие рыбы и ракообразные, в частности амфиподы. Жертву заглатывают целиком всасыванием.

Охранный статус

Примечания

  1. Last, Gledhill & Holmes. A new handfish, Brachionichthys australis sp. nov. (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with a redescription of the critically endangered spotted handfish, B. hirsutus (Lacepède) // Zootaxa. — 2007. — Vol. 1666. — P. 53–68.
  2. Bruce, B. D., Green, M. A. and Last, P. R. Aspects of the biology of the endangered spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus: Lophiiformes) off southern Australia. — In Séret, B.; Sire, J.Y. Proceedings. 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference: Nouméa, New Caledonia, 3–8 November 1997. — Paris : Société Française d'Ichtyologie, 1999. — P. 369—380. — ISBN 978-2-9507330-5-4.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Brachionichthys hirsutus: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src= Самка с икрой
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

粗體臂鈎躄魚 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Brachionichthys hirsutus
Lacepède, 1804

粗體臂鈎躄魚,為輻鰭魚綱鮟鱇目躄魚亞目臂鈎躄魚科的其中一,為溫帶海水魚,被IUCN列為極危保育類動物,分布於澳洲塔斯馬尼亞島海域,棲息深度1-60公尺,體長可達15公分,棲息在近海至大陸棚沙泥底質水域,生活習性不明。

参考文献

扩展阅读

 src= 維基物種中有關粗體臂鈎躄魚的數據

小作品圖示这是一篇關於魚類小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

粗體臂鈎躄魚: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

粗體臂鈎躄魚,為輻鰭魚綱鮟鱇目躄魚亞目臂鈎躄魚科的其中一,為溫帶海水魚,被IUCN列為極危保育類動物,分布於澳洲塔斯馬尼亞島海域,棲息深度1-60公尺,體長可達15公分,棲息在近海至大陸棚沙泥底質水域,生活習性不明。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑