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Biology

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Almost nothing is known of the biology and ecology of the Asian sheepshead wrasse, other than that it feeds on shellfish and crustaceans. Additionally, spawning behaviour has been observed in large aquaria, in which the strongest male drove away all other males before rising rapidly to the surface with a single female, where spawning occurred (1). Wrasses, especially the larger species, generally live long lives, are slow to reach sexual maturation and produce millions of tiny eggs in reproduction (3). Many species, including the related California sheepshead wrasse (Semicossyphus pulcher), change sex from female to male several years after female maturation, a phenomenon known as sequential hermaphroditism, or protogyny (1) (3).
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Conservation

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There are no known fishing restrictions within the range of this species, nor marine reserves where fishing is prohibited. However, at some regions in the Japan Sea, spawning adult fish are protected by local divers who wish to attract tourist divers. Crucial research and information is required on the population size and biology of this species before it can be properly assessed by the IUCN (1).
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Description

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One of the largest wrasses, the Asian sheepshead wrasse is an extraordinary pinkish-grey fish with large, swelling-like protrusions on the 'forehead' and 'chin'. Like its close relative, the California sheepshead wrasse (Semicossyphus pulcher), the juvenile is starkly different from the adult, being a vivid yellowish-orange with a white stripe from the eye to the tail, black patches on the fins and tail, and lacking the bulbous face protrusions of the adults, for which the species earns its common name (2).
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Habitat

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This is a cold-water to subtropical species that inhabits rocky reefs (1) (2).
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Range

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Recorded in the Western Pacific from the main islands of Japan, the Korean Peninsula and the South China Sea (1) (2).
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Status

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Classified as Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN Red List 2006 (1).
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Threats

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Although very little is known about the Asian sheepshead wrasse's population status or the threats facing it, it is thought to be intrinsically vulnerable to overfishing due to its biology (1). The life history characteristics of many wrasses make them particularly vulnerable to fishing because, being long-lived with late onset of maturity and low rates of population growth, they are typically slow to recover from exploitation. Furthermore, sex-changing fish are at risk where fishing targets the largest fish (mostly males), as this can lead to strongly female-biased sex ratios, potentially compromising reproduction through too few males (3).
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Trophic Strategy

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Lives in rocky coastal regions (Ref. 9137).
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Recorder
Drina Sta. Iglesia
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Biology

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One of the largest wrasses.
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Cristina V. Garilao
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Asian sheepshead wrasse

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The Asian sheepshead wrasse or Kobudai, Semicossyphus reticulatus, is one of the largest species of wrasse.[2] Native to the western Pacific Ocean, it inhabits rocky reef areas around the Korean Peninsula, China, Japan, and the Ogasawara Islands.[2][1] It can reach 100 cm (39 in) in total length and the greatest weight recorded for this species is 14.7 kg (32 lb).[2] This species is valued as a food fish in its native range.[1]

an Asian sheepshead wrasse in captivity
Asian sheepshead wrasse in captivity giving indication of size

The Asian sheepshead wrasse, also known as kobudai in Japan, is a hermaphroditic species, meaning that it has both male and female organs which allows it to change its sex. The species gained media attention when the transformation was caught on camera by the BBC Earth crew while filming in the waters near Sado Island, Japan. In 2017, it was shown on the Blue Planet II episode "One Ocean".[3]

According to Great Big Story, Japanese diver Hiroyuki Arakawa has had a 30-year relationship with a sheepshead wrasse in Japan's Tateyama Bay, where he is the caretaker for an underwater Shinto shrine. He calls the fish, named "Yoriko", by hitting a bell on the underwater shrine.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c Cornish, A.; et al. (Grouper & Wrasse Specialist Group) (2004). "Semicossyphus reticulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T44685A10925239. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T44685A10925239.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Semicossyphus reticulatus" in FishBase. October 2013 version.
  3. ^ Cormier, Zoe (November 29, 2017). "Fish are the sex-switching masters of the animal kingdom". BBC Earth.
  4. ^ Gorenstein, Colin (June 20, 2017). "Scuba Diver Has Been Visiting the Same Fish for 30 Years". Mental Floss.
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Asian sheepshead wrasse: Brief Summary

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The Asian sheepshead wrasse or Kobudai, Semicossyphus reticulatus, is one of the largest species of wrasse. Native to the western Pacific Ocean, it inhabits rocky reef areas around the Korean Peninsula, China, Japan, and the Ogasawara Islands. It can reach 100 cm (39 in) in total length and the greatest weight recorded for this species is 14.7 kg (32 lb). This species is valued as a food fish in its native range.

an Asian sheepshead wrasse in captivity Asian sheepshead wrasse in captivity giving indication of size

The Asian sheepshead wrasse, also known as kobudai in Japan, is a hermaphroditic species, meaning that it has both male and female organs which allows it to change its sex. The species gained media attention when the transformation was caught on camera by the BBC Earth crew while filming in the waters near Sado Island, Japan. In 2017, it was shown on the Blue Planet II episode "One Ocean".

According to Great Big Story, Japanese diver Hiroyuki Arakawa has had a 30-year relationship with a sheepshead wrasse in Japan's Tateyama Bay, where he is the caretaker for an underwater Shinto shrine. He calls the fish, named "Yoriko", by hitting a bell on the underwater shrine.

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