Batavian Parrotfish

Die Witneus-papegaaivis (Scarus psittacus) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Stille Oseaan, die Indiese Oseaan, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika suidwaarts tot by die noorde van KwaZulu-Natal. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Palenose parrotfish.

Identifikasie

Die vis word tot 33 cm lank met slank, skraal lyf en gepunte kop. Aanvanklik is al die visse grysbruin tot rooibruin met 'n wit neus en rooi pektorale vinne. Die volwasse mannetjies het 'n kleur variasie: geel tot groen skubbe met salm-pienk rante, die lyf is partykeer geelbruin, die voorkop is soms pers, daar is soms pienk bande op die blou vinne, soms blou lyne om die bek en soms 'n blou stertvin.

Die vis leef in tropiese strandmere en vlak aflandige koraalriwwe in water wat 1 tot 25m diep is. As onvolwasse visse leef die vissies in groepe saam en later as volwasse visse as alleenlopers. Hulle vreet alge.

Sien ook

• Alfabetiese lys van visse
• Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse visse volgens wetenskaplike name
• Lys van varswater visfamilies
• Lys van visfamilies

Eksterne skakel

• http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=5553&genusname=Scarus&speciesname=psittacus&AT=Scarus+psittacus&lang=English

Bron

• The Reef Guide: Fishes, corals, nudibranchs & other invertebrates: East & South Coasts of Southern Africa. Dennis King & Valda Fraser. Struik Nature. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77584-018-3

Verwysings

Scarus psittacus, the common parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. Other common names for this species include the palenose parrotfish, Batavian parrotfish and the rosy-cheek parrotfish. It has a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific region where it is associated with coral reefs. This species is utilised as food. It is the type species of the genus Scarus.

Description

Scarus psittacus attains a standard length of 30 centimetres (12 in).^[3] The dorsal fin has 9 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays and the pectoral fin has 13–15 rays.^[2] The lips of this fish largely cover the dental plates. In the initial phase there is a canine-like tooth on upper dental plate, and in the terminal phase there are two canine-like teeth on the upper plate and a single such tooth on the lower plate. In the terminal phase the caudal fin is deeply emaginate. The initial phase individuals are uniformly red-brown with a number of pale blotches and an obvious pale head. In the terminal phase they are mostly pale green to tan in colour, with a lavender face and blue bands over their upper lip which extend rearwards over the cheek below the eye, with a second green band behind the eye and more bands on the lower lip and chin.^[4]

Distribution

Scarus psittacus is widespread in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, its distribution extends from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Aden to Sodwana Bay,^[1] it ranges eastwards across the Indian Ocean and into the Pacific Ocean extending eastwards to Hawaii,^[3] north to southern Japan and south to Australia, as far as Shark Bay in Western Australia and Lord Howe Island.^[2]

Habitat and biology

Scarus psittacus is a common and typical species of reef fronts, as well as more sheltered areas of reefs and of lagoons. It occurs to a depth of 30 metres (98 ft).^[1] It can be encountered in small schools foraging over corals, reef flats in lagoons and on seaward reefs which have an abundant growth of the filamentous algae on which it feeds.^[5] Like most species of parrotfish S. psittacus is a protogynous hermaphrodite and is sexually dichromatic. The population is made up of a few large, colourful territorial males called terminal phase who guard groups, or harems, of smaller, less colourful individuals termed initial phase. Most of the initial phase individuals are females but around a quarter of the initial phase individuals caught off Oahu were males. These males are "sneaker males" which attend the mating of the terminal phase males with the females and attempt to inseminate some of the eggs laid. The terminal phase males usually start life as females and when there is no terminal male available the dominant female in the harem transforms into a male. The initial phase males are male throughout their life, and occasionally they can become terminal phase individuals.^[3]

Naming and taxonomy

Scarus psittacus was first formally described in 1775 by the Swedish explorer, orientalist and naturalist Peter Forsskål (1732-1763) with the type locality given as Jeddah.^[6] Subsequently Joseph Swain designated S. psittacus as the type species of the genus Scarus.^[7] Research has found that across its wide distribution S. psittacus has a five genetically distinct geographic populations with the most genetic diversity within populations and the most diverse populations being at the eastern and western ends of its range.^[8]

Human usage

Scarus psittacus is caught in some small scale fisheries^[1] but its flesh is regarded as poor as it is too soft.^[4]

References

Scarus psittacus es una especie de peces de la familia Scaridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 30 cm de longitud total.^[1]​

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el Mar Rojo hasta Sodwana Bay (Sudáfrica), las Hawái, las Islas Marquesas, las Tuamotu, el sur del Japón y Shark Bay (Australia Occidental).

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
• Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
• Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
• Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
• Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
• Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
• Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

Scarus psittacus Scarus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

• FishBase.org

Ikus, gainera

• Scarus
• Scaridae

Poisson-perroquet commun

Scarus psittacus est une espèce de poissons-perroquets tropicaux, de la famille des Scaridae. On l'appelle souvent « Poisson-perroquet commun » en français.

Description et caractéristiques

La phase initiale (femelle) est grisâtre à brun avec des nageoires roses. La phase terminale (mâle) est bleu-vert, avec ds écailles bordées de rose (formant de petits traits verticaux)^[2]. La base de la queue peut être marquée de deux taches jaunes plus ou moins allongées, une supérieure et une inférieure. La taille maximale atteint 30 cm^[3].

• Phase initiale (femelle)

• Phase finale (mâle)

Habitat et répartition

Cette espèce se trouve dans tout l'Indo-Pacifique tropical^[3].

Références taxinomiques

• (en) Référence World Register of Marine Species : espèce Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
• (fr) Référence INPN : Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
• (fr+en) Référence ITIS : Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
• (en) Référence Catalogue of Life : Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775 (consulté le 22 décembre 2020)
• (en) Référence UICN : espèce Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775 (consulté le 1^er juin 2015)
• (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Scarus psittacus
• (en) Référence uBio : Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
• (fr) Référence DORIS : espèce Scarus psittacus
• (en) Référence NCBI : Scarus psittacus (taxons inclus)

Notes et références