Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14
- Recorder
- Grace Tolentino Pablico
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, estuaries and mangroves, and occasionally in the surf (Ref. 57343). Young aggregate near river mouths (Ref. 57343). Common around islands (Ref. 9710). Nocturnal feeder, taking crustaceans, chaetognaths, plant material and polychaetes (Ref. 57343).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, estuaries and mangroves, and occasionally in the surf (Ref. 57343). Young aggregate near river mouths (Ref. 57343). Common around islands (Ref. 9710). Nocturnal feeder, taking crustaceans, chaetognaths, plant material, and polychaetes (Ref. 57343). May have a prolonged spawning season (Ref. 57343).
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA (rarely to North Carolina and Virginia) and Bermuda to Uruguay
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- cc-by-4.0
- copyright
- WoRMS Editorial Board
