Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
Caught with bottom trawls, longlines and handlines. Marketed fresh; also dried-salted; swimbladder dried.The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 66 076 t. The countries with the largest catches were China (65 806 t) and Korea, Republic of (270 t).
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
Benthopelagic. Inhabits coastal waters and estuaries. A seasonal migratory species.Feeds on crustaceans and fishes. Spawning in spring and autum in turbid waters, close to river estuaries.
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
Attains about 80 cm; common 60 cm.
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Northwest Pacific Ocean (Yellow and East China Seas). Shallow waters, along the Chinese coast (Canton, Hong Kong).
Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Body elongate, compressed. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head and above pectoral fin, elsewhere ctenoid (rough to touch). Lateral line with 51-57 scales reaching to tip of caudal fin. Mouth large, maxillary extending to backward beyond eye. Teeth in double series on both jaws, enlarged in outer series; posterior margin of preoperculum with dermal serration. Gillrakers on first gill arch 8-9 + 16-18. Dorsal fin with 8-10 spines and 30-35 soft rays. Anal fin with 2 spines and 7-9 soft rays; second anal espine weak, longer than eye. Pectoral with 15-17. Caudal fin pointed. Colour body yellow, darker above and golden sheen below; ventral scales yellow (luminous organs); fins all yellow; lips sometimes red; lining of body cavity light dusky grey.
- Chan, W. & U. Bathia. - 1974Sciaenidae. In: W. Fischer; P.J.P. Whithead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Estern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing area 71). Volume. I, Rome Fao, pag. var.
- Okamura, O. - 1984 Sciaenidae. In: H. Masuda; K. Amaoka; C. Araga; T. Uyeno; T. Yoshino (eds.). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai. Univ. Press. 161-163. Species 2000 Dynamic (Checklist Query).
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits coastal waters and estuaries. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes.
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 35; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 7 - 9; Vertebrae: 25 - 26
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Body gold when fresh. Soft-rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins mostly covered with scales. Posterior part of pectoral fin not black. Anal soft rays usually 8 (Ref. 41299).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabit coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 2113). Found in muddy or muddy-sandy bottoms shallower than 120 m depth (Ref. 43239). Feed on crustaceans and fishes.
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於西北太平洋區，包括南中國海、東海及黃海南部。台灣西部沿海偶可見。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
大黃魚肉質細緻，十分美味，蒸、煮、炸皆宜。主要漁法為底拖網及底刺網，冬末春初漁獲較豐，台灣沿海並不盛產。在大陸東南沿海則是最重要之經濟魚種之一，年產量約五萬公噸以上。但是身為受歡迎的一種食用魚，導致本身面臨沉重的捕撈壓力，過漁問題嚴重，魚獲產量不斷下降，體型也不斷縮小。近年來大陸在舟山群島附近海域進行箱網養殖，已養殖成功。目前市場上的大黃魚幾乎清一色都是由養殖場所養殖出來的，野生種已經不多見。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長，側扁，體側腹面有多列發光顆粒；頭鈍尖形。口裂大，端位，傾斜，吻不突出，上頜長等於下頜，上頜骨後緣達眼眶後緣；上頜最外列齒擴大為犬齒，前端齒較大，但較疏，在前端中央無齒；下頜齒內列齒較大，外列齒緊貼內列齒，前端中央聚成一撮；
吻緣孔5個，直縫形孔的中央緣孔在吻緣葉上方，內、外側緣孔沿吻緣葉側裂，吻緣葉完整不被分割；吻上孔3個呈弧形排列，中央上孔為直列縫型，外側上孔圓形；頦孔4或6個，中央4孔呈四方排列在頤縫合周圍，前2孔細小。鼻孔2個，長圓形後鼻孔較圓形前鼻孔大。眼眶下緣伸達前上頜骨頂端水平線。前鰓蓋後緣具鋸齒，鰓蓋具2扁棘；具擬鰓；
鰓耙細長，最長鰓耙與鰓絲等長。頭部除頭頂後部外皆被圓鱗，體側前1/3被圓鱗外，餘被櫛鱗。耳石為黃花魚型，即呈盾形。腹鰭基起點在胸鰭基上緣點垂線之後，尾鰭楔形。腹腔膜墨黑色，胃為卜字形，腸為2次迴繞型，幽門垂16個，鰾為黃花魚型，前部不突出，附枝31-33對，不延伸至頭部，具有腹分枝及背分枝，背分枝呈翼狀開展，腹分枝則無。體側上半部為黃褐色，下半部為金黃色，發光顆粒為橙黃色。背鰭淺黃褐色；尾鰭淺黃褐色，末緣黑褐色；臀﹑腹及胸鰭為鮮黃色。口腔內白色，口緣淺紅色。鰓腔上部黑色，下部粉紅色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於沿岸及近海砂泥底質水域，大多棲息於中底層水域，水深約在10-70公尺之間，會進入河口區。厭強光，喜混濁水流，黎明、黃昏或大潮時多上浮，白晝或小潮則下浮至底層。主耍以小魚及蝦蟹等甲殼類為食。鰾能發聲，在生殖期會發出「咯咯」的聲音；在魚群密集時的聲音則如水沸聲或松濤聲；生殖季節到來時會群聚洄游至河口附近或島嶼、內灣的近岸淺水域。
Larimichthys crocea
provided by wikipedia EN
Larimichthys crocea, commonly called the large yellow croaker, yellow croaker or croceine croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
Larimichthys crocea was first formally described as Sciaena crocea in 1846 by the Scottish naval surgeon, Arctic explorer and naturalist Sir John Richardson with its type locality given as "Canton, China". The genus Larimichthys, to which this species belongs, has been placed in the subfamily Otolithinae by some workers,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[4] In 2011 specimens which were thought to be L. crocea were taken off Terengganu in eastern Peninsular Malaysia but these have now been classified as a separate valid species Larimichthys terengganui.[5]
Etymology
Larimichthys crocea has the specific name crocea which means "saffron" and is an allusion to yellow colours on the body and fins.[6]
Description
Larimichthys crocea has a dorsal fin which is supported by 9 or 10 spines and between 30 and 35 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 2 spines and between 7 and 9, typically 8, soft rays. The soft rayed parts of these fins are largely covered in scales. The overall colour of fresh specimens is gold. This species reaches a maximum published total length of 80 cm (31 in).[2]
Distribution and habitat
Larimichthys crocea is found in the marginal seas of East Asia from western Japan and Korea to the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Strait and northern South China Sea. It generally thrives in temperate coastal waters and often also in brackish estuaries, and is found on muddy-sandy bottoms.[2]
Utilisation and conservation
Larimichthys crocea was once an abundant commercial fish off East and South China, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan, its population collapsed in the 1970s due to overfishing.[7] Fishing boats landed 56,000 tonnes of Larimichthys crocea in 2008, and 91,000 tonnes in 2013.[8] The species is now aquafarmed in China, and production has grown to 105,000 tonnes by 2013.[8] Farms have experienced outbreaks of Nocardia seriolae infections.[9]
The IUCN classifies this species as Critically Endangered as there has been no recovery in the population and there is no evidence that the fishery for this species is sustainable.[1]
Genome
Larimichthys crocea is an important enough commercial species to have its genome mapped in 2014.[10] On 6 January 2015 it became the 200th organism to have its genome annotated by the NCBI Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline.[11]
References
-
^ a b Liu, M.; Cheng, J.-H.; Nguyen Van, Q.; et al. (2020). "Larimichthys crocea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T49182559A49239394. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T49182559A49239394.en. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
-
^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Larimichthys crocea" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
-
^ Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
-
^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
-
^ Seah, Y.G., Hanafi, N., Mazlan, A.G. & Chao, N.L. (2015). "A new species of Larimichthys from Terengganu, east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3956 (2): 271–280. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.7. PMID 26248918.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) -
^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
-
^ Orleans, Leo A., ed. (1980). Science in Contemporary China. Stanford University Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-8047-1078-7.
-
^ a b "Larimichthys crocea". Fisheries Global Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
-
^ Wang, G.; Yuan, S.; and Jin, S. (2010). "Nocardiosis in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson)". Journal of Fish. Diseases. 28: 339–345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00637.x.
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^ Wu, Changwen; Zhang, Di; Kan, Mengyuan; Lv, Zhengmin; Zhu, Aiyi; Su, Yongquan; Zhou, Daizhan; Zhang, Jianshe; Zhang, Zhou (2014-11-19). "The draft genome of the large yellow croaker reveals well-developed innate immunity". Nature Communications. 5: 5227. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5227W. doi:10.1038/ncomms6227. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4263168. PMID 25407894.
-
^ "NCBI annotates 200th eukaryote". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-01-07.
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Larimichthys crocea: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Larimichthys crocea, commonly called the large yellow croaker, yellow croaker or croceine croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
