Biology
provided by Arkive
The Malabar grouper has a fascinating and complex life-history. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning that individuals first function sexually as females and then later, at least some of the mature females change to males (1). The Malabar grouper feeds on fishes and crustaceans and occasionally on octopuses (3).
Conservation
provided by Arkive
The Queensland Fisheries Service has recreational catch limits for Epinephelus species (1), but elsewhere there are not known to be any fisheries regulations in place for the Malabar grouper. It is likely to occur in many Marine Protected Areas within its range, although not all of these are carefully managed and legislation is not always enforced (1). The Malabar grouper can also be maricultured (1), which may lessen the pressure on wild populations.
Description
provided by Arkive
The Malabar grouper is a robust marine fish, with a brownish head and long body. The body is covered with small blackish-brown spots, which increase in number with age, and scattered whitish spots and blotches (2) (3). Five irregular dark brown bars are often visible on the body (3).
Habitat
provided by Arkive
The Malabar grouper occurs in a range of habitats, including coral and rocky reefs, estuaries, mangrove swamps and over sandy and muddy bottoms, from the shore to depths of 150 metres (3)
Range
provided by Arkive
Occurs in the Indo-Pacific; from the Red Sea to Tonga, north to Japan and south to Australia (1).
Status
provided by Arkive
Classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
Threats
provided by Arkive
The Malabar grouper is one of the most important groupers in commercial and recreational fisheries in the Indo-Pacific region. Because of confusion with similar Epinephelus species, there is little data regarding the extent of its exploitation (3). However, it is believed that fishing has reduced the global population of this species (1). The Malabar grouper is also captured for the live fish trade, and juveniles are caught for “mariculture grow-out”, whereby the wild juveniles are put in cages and grown until they reach a saleable size (1). In addition, habitat loss places additional pressure on populations of the Malabar grouper. In south-east Asia, the area of mangrove swamps has declined drastically and a large proportion of reefs are threatened by human activities (1). These human impacts include poor land management practices that are releasing more sediment, nutrients and pollutants into the oceans and stressing the fragile reef ecosystem. Over fishing has 'knock-on' effects that results in the increase of macro-algae that can out-compete and smother corals, and fishing using destructive methods physically devastates the reef. A further potential threat is the increase of coral bleaching events, as a result of global climate change (4).
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Capsalid Monogenean Infection 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom (Also Ref. 127989) from shore to depths of 150 m. Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Refs. 9710, 127989). Known to enter estuaries (Ref. 127989).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Characterized by light grey to yellowish brown color; five slightly oblique dark brown bars that bifurcate ventrally; numerous small black spots and blotches in head and body; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid anterodorsally on body, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 3.0-3.6 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 2.0-2.6 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; snout length 1.7-2.0 times in upper jaw length; interorbital width 4.5-6.5 times in HL and 2.1-3.0 times in upper jaw length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle; almost straight upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils, except in large adults which have the posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of orbit, maxilla width 4.5-6.5% of SL; upper jaw length 17-22% of SL, 2-5 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Baldness disease in Snapper. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Pseudorhabdosynochus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Erilepturus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Diplectanum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Prosorhynchus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Pseudorhabdosynchus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Rhapidascaris Disease (larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Vibriosis Disease (general). Bacterial diseases
Biology
provided by Fishbase
A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom from shore to depths of 150 m. Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Ref. 9710). Present in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Widely used in mariculture mainly in the Far East (Ref. 43448).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
廣泛分布於印度-太平洋之暖水域，西起非洲東岸、紅海，東至東加，北至日本，南至澳洲。台灣主要分布於北部、東部及南部海域。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
魚市場最常見之高經濟性石斑魚，經濟性高，是鮨科中人工繁殖與培育最成功的魚種，現今食用者，大多是養殖魚。野生種可用拖網、延繩釣、魚槍或一支釣等漁法捕獲。清蒸食之，口味佳。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長橢圓形，側扁而粗壯，標準體長為體高之3.0-3.7倍。頭背部斜直；眶間區平坦或略凸。眼小，短於吻長。口大；上下頜前端具小犬齒或無，兩側齒細尖，下頜約2-5列。鰓耙數8-11+14-18。前鰓蓋骨後緣具鋸齒，下緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁棘。體被細小櫛鱗；側線鱗孔數54-64；縱列鱗數101-117。背鰭鰭棘部與軟條部相連，無缺刻，具硬棘XI，軟條14-16；臀鰭硬棘III枚，軟條8；腹鰭腹位，末端延伸不及肛門開口；胸鰭圓形，中央之鰭條長於上下方之鰭條，且長於腹鰭，但短於後眼眶長；尾鰭圓形。體淺褐色，有五條微斜之暗色褐帶，有時不顯著，腹側之帶有分叉之情形。頭部、體側、胸部、下頜腹面、口緣均具黑褐色斑點；頭部及體側另具白色斑點及斑塊之散佈。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
棲所多樣化，舉凡珊瑚礁區、石礫區、潮池、河口區或泥沙底區，從水深0-150公尺處皆可見其蹤跡。以魚類、甲殼類及頭足類為食。
Malabar-klipkabeljou
(
Afrikaans
)
provided by wikipedia AF
Die Malabar-klipkabeljou (Epinephelus malabaricus) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van Oman tot by Oos-Londen. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Malabar rockcod.
Voorkoms
Die vis se kop en lyf is grys tot bruin van kleur en daar is gewoonlik vyf donkerder vertikale breë strepe oor die lyf. Die lyf is ook bedeel met swart kolletjies en onreëlmatige wit vlekke. Soos die vis verouder verdwyn die strepe en vlekke en die swart kolletjies neem toe. Die vis word 1.2 m lank en weeg dan 25 kg.
Habitat
Die vis leef in koraal- en rots riwwe, getypoele, riviermondings tot op dieptes van 150 m en vreet vis, skaaldiere en somtyds seekatte ook. Die wyfies skiet kuit van Augustus tot Oktober.
Sien ook
Bron
Verwysings
Eksterne skakel
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Malabar-klipkabeljou: Brief Summary
(
Afrikaans
)
provided by wikipedia AF
Die Malabar-klipkabeljou (Epinephelus malabaricus) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van Oman tot by Oos-Londen. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Malabar rockcod.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Breton
)
provided by wikipedia BR
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Breton
)
provided by wikipedia BR
Epinephelus malabaricus a zo ur spesad pesked-mor eus kerentiad ar Serranidae.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
Epinephelus malabaricus és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 234 cm de longitud total.[3]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba des del Mar Roig i l'Àfrica Oriental fins a Tonga, Japó i Austràlia.[3]
Referències
-
↑ Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.
-
↑ BioLib
-
↑ 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)
Bibliografia
- Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
- Heemstra, P.C. i Randall, J.E., 1993, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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A
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Epinephelus malabaricus 
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Catalan; Valencian
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provided by wikipedia CA
Epinephelus malabaricus és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
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Nan
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provided by wikipedia emerging languages
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Nan
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
Epinephelus malabaricus sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á, sī chi̍t chéng chio̍h-pan.
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Malabar grouper
provided by wikipedia EN
The Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) also known as blackspot rockcod, estuary rockcod, giant rock cod, greasy grouper, Malabar rockcod, Morgan's cod or speckled grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea by way of the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant.
Distribution and habitat
The Malabar grouper is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific area from the eastern coast of Africa to the Tonga Islands, Red Sea included.[2][1] It was first recorded in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in 1969 where it remains extremely rare. Mariculture and shipping are possible vectors of introduction.[3] This grouper lives in various habitats, such as lagoons, mangroves, coral and rocky reefs, sandy and muddy bottom areas,[4] between 2 and 150 m deep.[5] The juveniles prefers lagoon or brackish areas.[4]
Description
The Malabar grouper can reach a length up to 234 cm (92 in), but average size is usually around 100 cm (39 in).[6] It has a light grey to light brownish background color, with a number of dark brown spots randomly scattered, which increase in number with age. The body has also a various number of brown diagonal stripes. Younger fish have a number of wide, broken vertical bands of darker shade across their bodies, but in maturity they seem to become a uniform darker colour. Young fish have numerous brown spots. The tail fin is rounded.[3]
Biology
Epinephelus malabaricus is a protogynous hermaphrodite, as these fishes at some point in their lifespan change sex from female to male.[5] Malabar grouper are voracious predators, they feed on fish, crustaceans, and occasionally, cephalopods.[7]
Parasites
As most fish, the Malabar grouper harbours a variety of parasites, including the diplectanid monogeneans Pseudorhabdosynochus manifestus, P. maaensis, P. malabaricus, P. manipulus, P. marcellus, and P. maternus.[8]
Uses
Malabar groupers are harvested for food, sport, and commercially; some are grown in aquaculture.
Gallery
Epinephelus malabaricus from Sudan Coast
Epinephelus malabaricus from Sabah, Malaysia
References
-
^ a b Samoilys, M.; Amorim, P.; Choat, J.H.; Law, C.; Ma, K.; Myers, R.F.; Nair, R.; Rhodes, K.; Russell, B.; Suharti, S.; To, A. (2018). "Epinephelus malabaricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T61338A46627320. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T61338A46627320.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epinephelus malabaricus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
-
^ a b Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Epinephelus malabaricus). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Epinephelus_malabaricus.pdf
-
^ a b van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991. Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p.
-
^ a b Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
-
^ Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçío de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guía de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.
-
^ Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
-
^ Justine, Jean-Lou, and Aude Sigura. "Monogeneans of the malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus (Perciformes, Serranidae) off New Caledonia, with a description of six new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)." Zootaxa 1543 (2007): 1–44. Abstract
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Malabar grouper: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) also known as blackspot rockcod, estuary rockcod, giant rock cod, greasy grouper, Malabar rockcod, Morgan's cod or speckled grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea by way of the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Epinephelus malabaricus es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 234 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra desde el mar Rojo y África Oriental hasta Tonga, Japón y Australia.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Epinephelus malabaricus es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
Epinephelus malabaricus Epinephelus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Mérou malabar
Epinephelus malabaricus, communément nommé Mérou malabar[1],[2], est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Serranidae.
Description
![src=]()
Mérou malabar (Sabah, Malaisie)
Cette espèce de grande taille peut atteindre 234 cm[3] cependant la taille moyenne est de 100 cm. Le corps est massif mais allongé avec une large queue arrondie. La coloration générale est blanchâtre marbrée de brun sombre, de barres sombres, de taches claires et de très nombreux petits points foncés. Cette coloration est plus claire au niveau de la tête.
Cette espèce est proche au niveau de l'apparence physique du Mérou marron (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).
Distribution et Habitat
Le mérou malabar est présent dans les eaux tropicales de la région Indo-Ouest Pacifique, soit des côtes orientales de l'Afrique aux îles Tonga, Mer Rouge incluse mais il est absent du Golfe Persique[4].
Ce mérou peuple des biotopes variés comme les lagons, les mangroves, les fonds sableux, vaseux, et les récifs coralliens comme rocheux[5]. Il est visible entre 2 et 150 m de profondeur[6]. Le juvénile vit dans les zones lagunaires ou saumâtres[5].
Alimentation
Cette espèce consomme des poissons et des crustacés, parfois des céphalopodes[2].
Reproduction
Epinephelus malabaricus est hermaphrodite protogyne, c'est-à-dire qu'il commence sa vie reproductive comme femelle avant de devenir mâle par la suite[4]. Pour ce mérou, la maturité sexuelle chez les mâles n'est atteinte qu'à partir de la taille de 114 cm.
Références
-
↑ http://www.fishbase.org/comnames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=8196&GenusName=Epinephelus&SpeciesName=labriformis&StockCode=8509
-
↑ a et b Guide des poissons des récifs coralliens
-
↑ Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçío de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guía de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.
-
↑ a et b Allen To, « The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species », sur IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 18 novembre 2016 (consulté le 9 septembre 2020).
-
↑ a et b van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991. Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p.
-
↑ Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Mérou malabar
Epinephelus malabaricus, communément nommé Mérou malabar,, est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Serranidae.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Italian
)
provided by wikipedia IT
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch e Schneider, 1804, nota commercialmente come cernia indopacifica[2], conosciuta anche come cernia del Malabar, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Serranidae.
Descrizione
L'aspetto generale di questo animale non si discosta significativamente da quello delle altre cernie del genere Epinephelus come la cernia bruna del Mediterraneo. La determinazione della specie si basa dunque sulla livrea che ha colore di fondo da grigiastro a verde oliva cosparso di punti bianchi e neri. Questi punti si possono talvolta unire a formare macchie irregolari. Nell'affine Epinephelus coioides, anch'esso immigrato nel Mediterraneo, la macchie sul corpo sono rossastre o arancio[3][4].
Si tratta di una cernia di grandi dimensioni: la lunghezza massima nota è di 234 cm, la taglia media è sul metro. Il peso massimo noto è di 150 kg[4].
Distribuzione e habitat
Endemica dell'Indo-Pacifico tropicale a est fino al Giappone meridionale, le Figi e il nord dell'Australia. È presente nel mar Rosso da cui è penetrato nel mar Mediterraneo attraverso la migrazione lessepsiana. Nel Mediterraneo è stata segnalata solo tre volte: due in Israele e una a Malta. Si tratta di una specie non strettamente legata a un determinato habitat e si può trovare in una varietà di ambienti costieri (fino a una profondità di 150 metri). Ambienti di vita comuni sono le barriere coralline e i fondi duri in genere, i fondi sabbiosi o fangosi, i mangrovieti, le pozze di marea, eccetera. Penetra anche negli estuari. I giovanili sono più costieri degli adulti e penetrano spesso in acqua salmastra[3][4].
Biologia
Comportamento
Solitario[4].
Alimentazione
Predatore, caccia in prevalenza pesci, crostacei e cefalopodi[3].
Riproduzione
Si pensa che sia una specie ermafrodita proterogina. Le uova e le fasi giovanili sono pelagiche[3][4].
Pesca
Si tratta di una specie di grande importanza per la pesca commerciale ed estesamente allevata in estremo Oriente. Le statistiche sulle catture sono pesantemente viziate dalla confusione che per anni è stata fatta tra E. malabaricus, E. coioides ed E. tauvina. È oggetto anche di pesca sportiva[1][3][4].
Conservazione
Questa specie ha un ciclo biologico lungo e raggiunge la maturità sessuale a diversi anni di età, è dunque molto sensibile alla sovrapesca. Ciò nonostante è oggetto di pesca intensiva in tutto l'areale, sia allo stadio adulto che allo stadio giovanile (per rifornire gli impianti di piscicoltura). Si ritiene probabile che gli stock siano eccessivamente sfruttati in molte aree e inoltre la specie risente della degradazione dei mangrovieti. Le popolazioni sono in generale decremento. La confusione tassonomica del genere Epinephelus e la scarsità di dati da molte parti dell'areale fanno sì che sia difficile ricostruire i prelievi e lo stato delle popolazioni ma si stima che queste ultime si siano ridotte almeno del 30% negli ultimi 10 anni. Comunque l'areale della specie è molto esteso e risulta comune in molte aree poco sfruttate dalla pesca. Per questi motivi la IUCN classifica E. malabaricus come prossimo alla minaccia[1].
Note
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Italian
)
provided by wikipedia IT
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch e Schneider, 1804, nota commercialmente come cernia indopacifica, conosciuta anche come cernia del Malabar, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Serranidae.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Vissen Epinephelus malabaricus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1801 door Bloch & Schneider.
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2006. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN dalend.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Malabargrouper
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Malabargrouper[3] (Epinephelus malabaricus) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet från Röda havet och Östafrika till Tonga, Japan och Australien.
Utseende
Malabargroupern är en robust, avlång fisk med ett stort huvud och en underkäke med 2 till 5 tandrader. Ryggfenans främre del har 11 hårda taggstrålar, av vilka den 3:e till 5:e vanligtvis är längst, och den bakre delen har 14 till 16 mjukstrålar; analfenan har 3 taggstrålar (den 3:e i regel längst) och 8 mjukstrålar, medan bröstfenorna har 18 till 20 mjukstrålar. Stjärtfenan är rundad. Kroppen, inklusive huvudet, är brunaktig med små, svartbruna fläckar och spridda vita markeringar samt ofta 5 sneda, oregelbundna, mörkbruna ränder, avbrutna med bleka fläckar. Fenorna har små, spridda, svarta prickar.[4] Som mest kan den bli 234 cm lång och väga 150 kg, men blir oftast inte mycket längre än 100 cm.[5]
Vanor
Arten lever i många olika miljöer, som nära sand- och dybotten, vid klipp- och korallrev, i flodmynningar och mangroveträsk, från grunt vatten ner till 150 meters djup.[1] Födan består främst av fisk och kräftdjur, samt i mindre utsträckning av åttarmade bläckfiskar.[4] Malabargroupern är hermafrodit och fungerar först som hona, för att senare i livet byta kön till hane.[6]
Taxonomi
Studiet av denna art försvåras av att den taxonomiska statusen för denna art och framför allt orangefläckig grouper (E. coioides), som förekommer i samma regioner, men även Tahiti-grouper (E. tauvina) är osäker.[1]
Utbredning
Utbredningsområdet omfattar Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet från Röda havet och Östafrika till Tonga, norrut till Japan samt söderut till Australien. Eventuella förekomster på Mauritius och Réunion är osäkra.[1]
Betydelse för människan
Malabargroupern är föremål för ett betydande kommersiellt fiske i stora delar av utbredningsområdet där den tas med trål, långrev, fällor, ljuster och på spö. Arten odlas också i regionen.[1]
Status
Arten är klassificerad som nära hotad ("NT") av IUCN, och populationen minskar. Främsta orsakerna är överfiske, inkluderande sportfiske, samt förlust av habitat som mangroveträsk.[1]
Referenser
- ^ [a b c d e f] Cornish, A. 2006 Epinephelus malabaricus (på engelska). Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Läst 2012-03-08.
-
^ ”Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551076. Läst 8 mars 2012.
-
^ Sven O Kullander (13 september 2008). ”Naturhistoriska riksmuseets databas över fisknamn”. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Arkiverad från originalet den 14 december 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131214095552/http://artedi.nrm.se/fishnames/namefind.php?FormData=Perciformes&Verbosity=Listing&Submit=Skicka&MaxRecs=1000&Category=cOrder&Precision=%3D&Ordering=default. Läst 5 januari 2012.
- ^ [a b] Phillip C. Heemstra, John E. Randall (1993). ”FAO Species Catalogue - Vol 16. Groupers of the World” (på engelska) (FTP, 873 kB). FAO. sid. s. 184-186. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0540e/T0540E27.pdf. Läst 2 mars 2012.
-
^ Capuli, Estelita Emily (15 november 2011). ”Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Malabar grouper” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.us/summary/Epinephelus-malabaricus.html. Läst 8 mars 2012.
-
^ ”Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)”. ARKive - Images of Life on Earth. Arkiverad från originalet den 8 mars 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120308203649/http://www.arkive.org/malabar-grouper/epinephelus-malabaricus/#text=All. Läst 8 mars 2012.
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Malabargrouper: Brief Summary
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Malabargrouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet från Röda havet och Östafrika till Tonga, Japan och Australien.
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Групер малабарський
(
Ukrainian
)
provided by wikipedia UK
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- Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
Групер малабарський: Brief Summary
(
Ukrainian
)
provided by wikipedia UK
Lieske, E. and Myers, R.F. (2004) Coral reef guide; Red Sea London, HarperCollins
ISBN 0-00-715986-2 http://www.unep-wcmc.org/medialibrary/2011/06/24/86a3110b/Lagoons%20of%20New%20Caledonia.pdf Siliotti, A. (2002) fishes of the red sea Verona, Geodia
ISBN 88-87177-42-2
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Cá song điểm gai
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Cá song điểm gai, tên khoa học Epinephelus malabaricus, còn gọi là cá mú điểm gai, cá mú đầu vị[2], là một loài cá trong họ Cá mú. Loài cá mú này phân bố rộng trên khắp các vùng biển nhiệt đới của khu vực Indo-Tây Thái Bình Dương từ bờ biển phía đông của châu Phi đến quần đảo Tonga, Biển Đỏ.
Chú thích
-
^ Cornish, A. (Grouper & Wrasse Specialist Group) 2006. Epinephelus malabaricus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on ngày 19 tháng 10 năm 2013.
-
^ Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.20.
Tham khảo
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Cá song điểm gai: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Cá song điểm gai, tên khoa học Epinephelus malabaricus, còn gọi là cá mú điểm gai, cá mú đầu vị, là một loài cá trong họ Cá mú. Loài cá mú này phân bố rộng trên khắp các vùng biển nhiệt đới của khu vực Indo-Tây Thái Bình Dương từ bờ biển phía đông của châu Phi đến quần đảo Tonga, Biển Đỏ.
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Epinephelus malabaricus
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Epinephelus malabaricus
Международное научное название
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch et Schneider, 1801)
Охранный статус 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 551076NCBI 162300EOL 2793766 Epinephelus malabaricus (лат.) — вид морских рыб из семейства каменных окуней (Serranidae).
Ареал
Ареал — тёплые прибрежные воды Индийского океана и западной части Тихого океана. На западе вид обитает от Красного моря до юга Африки, на востоке может достигать Тонга и юга Японии[1] Есть сведения, что групер встречался в районе Хайфы в Средиземном море[2]. Обитает до глубины 60 м, иногда до 150 м, может обитать в манграх, лагунах и на рифах в солёных и солоноватых водах[3].
Описание вида
Рыбы длиной 1—1,2 м, реже до 2 м. Длина самого крупного зарегистрированного экземпляра — 2,34 м при массе в 150 кг[4]. Основа питания — мелкие рыбы и ракообразные, реже — головоногие.
Примечания
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Epinephelus malabaricus: Brief Summary
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Epinephelus malabaricus (лат.) — вид морских рыб из семейства каменных окуней (Serranidae).
瑪拉巴石斑魚
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Epinephelus malabaricusBloch & Schneider,1801 瑪拉巴石斑魚，俗名為石斑，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一個種。
分布
本魚分布於印度太平洋區的溫暖水域，包括東非、日本、澳洲、東加等海域。
深度
水深3至50公尺。
特徵
本魚口大；上下頜前端具小犬齒或無，兩側齒細尖，下頜約2-5列，體呈淡褐色，頭、體側及各鰭上均有小於眼徑的黑褐色斑點密佈，前鰓蓋骨後緣具鋸齒，下緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁棘。體側有5條褐色橫紋，第一、二條在背鰭硬棘部，第三、四條在軟條部，第五條則在尾柄部。體被細小櫛鱗；側線鱗孔數54-64枚，縱列鱗數101-117枚。各鰭的鰭條部末緣及尾鰭顏色較深。背鰭硬棘6枚，背鰭軟條14-16枚，臀鰭硬棘3枚，軟條8枚，胸鰭圓形長過於腹鰭，尾鰭圓形。體長可達100公分。
生態
棲息在岩礁外緣區域，以魚、蝦、蟹等為食。
經濟利用
為美味的食用魚。新鮮者適合紅燒；冷凍退鮮者煮魚湯。為本科中以人工飼養繁殖最成功之魚種，常在市場中看到。
参考文献
瑪拉巴石斑魚: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
瑪拉巴石斑魚，俗名為石斑，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一個種。
ヤイトハタ
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
ヤイトハタ: Brief Summary
(
Japanese
)
provided by wikipedia 日本語
ヤイトハタ（灸羽田、Epinephelus malabaricus）とはスズキ目ハタ科に属する海水魚である。別名、ニセヒトミハタ。本州中部以南の南日本に分布する暖海性の大型ハタである。
흉기흑점바리
(
Korean
)
provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
흉기흑점바리(Epinephelus malabaricus, 일본어: ヤイトハタ)는 농어목 바리과에 속하는 어류이다. 말라바 그루퍼(영어: Malabar grouper)라고 불리기도 하며 바리과의 어종중에 대형종에 속하는 경골어류이다. 크기가 1m를 넘으며 제일 큰개체는 2m를 넘기도하고 체중은 25kg가 넘는 대형어류이다.
흉기흑점바리의 특징과 먹이
흉기흑점바리는 다른 바리과의 어류와는 다르게 등지느러미는 1개로 극조부가 연조부보다 훨씬 길며 극간막은 깊게 패여있다. 알록달록한 갈색의 얼룩 무늬를 가지고 있으며 식용도 가능한 어종이다. 이종은 눈이 등쪽으로 치우쳐저 위치하고 있으며 눈의 앞쪽에는 2쌍의 비공이 있는 것도 특징이다. 아래턱보다 위턱이 돌출된 흉기흑점바리는 양쪽에 매우 날카로운 송곳니의 이빨을 가지고 있다. 먹이로는 갑각류, 오징어같은 두족류와 작은 물고기를 포식하는 육식어종이고 산란기는 6월~8월경의 여름이며 산란을 하는 번식기엔 무리를 지기도 하고 수컷은 암컷을 차지하기 위해 다툼을 벌이기도 한다.
흉기흑점바리의 서식지
흉기흑점바리는 수심 150M내외의 표해수층에 암초가 많은 지역이나 산호초가 주를 이루는 곳에 서식하며 주로 일본 남부에서 호주 동북부에 이르는 태평양의 서부와 페르시아만, 인도양에 주로 서식한다. 바다에서도 최상위 포식자중에 한 개체이고 그외에 조건만 맞으면 다양한 장소에서 서식하기도 한다.
흉기흑점바리: Brief Summary
(
Korean
)
provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
흉기흑점바리(Epinephelus malabaricus, 일본어: ヤイトハタ)는 농어목 바리과에 속하는 어류이다. 말라바 그루퍼(영어: Malabar grouper)라고 불리기도 하며 바리과의 어종중에 대형종에 속하는 경골어류이다. 크기가 1m를 넘으며 제일 큰개체는 2m를 넘기도하고 체중은 25kg가 넘는 대형어류이다.
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tidepools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy/mud bottom from shore to depths of 150 m. Juveniles found nearshore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with @E. andersoni@ (Ref. 4332).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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保全状況評価 NEAR THREATENED
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii 目 : スズキ目 Perciformes 亜目 : スズキ亜目 Percoidei 科 : ハタ科 Serranidae 亜科 : ハタ亜科 Epinephelinae 属 : マハタ属 Epinephelus 種 : ヤイトハタ E. malabaricus 学名 Epinephelus malabaricus
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