Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a virus which produces a disease in pigs that is clinically indistinguishable from the viruses causing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and swine vesicular disease (SVD). VESV affects only pigs and marine mammals. It is not transmissible to humans.
VESV is only a concern among Californian pig-farmers; otherwise, the disease is now, by and large, a historical curiosity. It was globally eradicated in swine in 1959.[3]
Viruses that are virtually identical to VESV are present in marine mammals and fish along the Pacific coast of the United States. These viruses are sometimes called San Miguel Sea Lion Virus.[3] It is therefore assumed that the source of VESV was waste seafood fed to pigs or as garbage finding its way to pigs from farmed mink that were fed seafood.
VESV was first diagnosed in pigs in Southern California in 1932. Because of its close similarity to FMD, all the pigs were destroyed. It kept reappearing in California from time to time, with the pigs being slaughtered each time. Then, in 1952, the virus escaped from California in a trainload of infected pork. Garbage-fed pig herds came down with the disease, and it spread from them to neighboring herds until herds in 43 states were affected. It was eventually stamped out in 1956 by a major slaughter policy combined with a ban on feeding uncooked garbage to pigs. It was declared an exotic disease in the United States in 1959.
The only cases outside the United States were in slaughter pigs on ships from the U.S. bound for Hawaii in 1947 and in pigs fed uncooked pork scraps from an American military base in Iceland in 1955.
The source of the virus remained a mystery until 1972, when an essentially similar virus, the San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) was isolated from San Miguel Island sea lions. When inoculated experimentally into pigs, it caused typical signs of VESV.
Once established within a herd, transmission from pig to pig is by direct contact. Initiation of new outbreaks starts by feeding infected uncooked pork scraps.
Symptoms are very similar to FMD and include:
Mortality is low, but there may be some deaths in suckling piglets. Growing pigs may become debilitated.
Diagnosis requires laboratory tests. Serological methods such as complement fixation, serum neutralization and PCR are available.[3]
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 35–39 nm. Capsids appear round to hexagonal in outline. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible. Capsid with 32 cup-shaped depressions.
Under in vitro conditions, virions are inactivated in acid environment of pH 3–5.
The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions. The complete genome is 7900 nucleotides long. The 5'-end of the genome has a viral protein genome-linked (VPg). The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract. The genome encodes viral structural proteins. Lipids are not reported.
By itself, the genomic nucleic acid is infectious.
No vaccines are available. The cooked garbage policy in the United States should prevent its reappearance. Pigs should not be fed waste seafood.[3]
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a virus which produces a disease in pigs that is clinically indistinguishable from the viruses causing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and swine vesicular disease (SVD). VESV affects only pigs and marine mammals. It is not transmissible to humans.
VESV is only a concern among Californian pig-farmers; otherwise, the disease is now, by and large, a historical curiosity. It was globally eradicated in swine in 1959.
El exantema vesicular porcino es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta al cerdo y está provocada un virus ARN perteneciente a la familia Caliciviridae, género Vesivirus.[1]
El primer aislamiento del virus tuvo lugar en el año 1932 en California, detectándose posteriormente diferentes brotes, no produciéndose casos nuevos desde el año 1956. La infección cursa con lesiones en la piel de los animales y formación de vesículas, principalmente en boca, pezones, y patas. Las manifestaciones son muy parecidas a las que causan otras enfermedades del cerdo, como la glosopeda, enfermedad vesicular porcina y estomatitis vesicular.[2]
Al parecer el origen de la infección fue la utilización de restos procedentes de mamíferos marinos contaminados con el virus, para la alimentación de los cerdos.
Datos: Q7923224
Especies: Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
El exantema vesicular porcino es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta al cerdo y está provocada un virus ARN perteneciente a la familia Caliciviridae, género Vesivirus.
El primer aislamiento del virus tuvo lugar en el año 1932 en California, detectándose posteriormente diferentes brotes, no produciéndose casos nuevos desde el año 1956. La infección cursa con lesiones en la piel de los animales y formación de vesículas, principalmente en boca, pezones, y patas. Las manifestaciones son muy parecidas a las que causan otras enfermedades del cerdo, como la glosopeda, enfermedad vesicular porcina y estomatitis vesicular.
Al parecer el origen de la infección fue la utilización de restos procedentes de mamíferos marinos contaminados con el virus, para la alimentación de los cerdos.
猪水疱疹病毒（Vesicular exanthema of swine virus，VESV）是感染猪的一种病毒，猪感染后症状与口蹄疫及猪水疱病相似.与口蹄疫病毒不同，猪水疱疹病毒只感染猪。
猪水疱疹病毒不会传染给人。
1959年，猪水疱疹病毒在全球范围内得到净化。目前，猪水疱疹病毒只在加利福尼亚州的养殖户中受到关注。[1]
猪水疱疹病毒存在于美国太平洋海岸的海洋哺乳动物及鱼类。这种病毒有时也称为圣米盖尔海狮病毒（San Miguel Sea Lion Virus）。[1]因此通常认为猪水疱疹病毒来自使用水产品的猪饲料或喂食水产品的貂。
1932年，南加州首次在猪上诊断出猪水疱疹病毒。由于与口蹄疫非常相似，所有猪都被扑杀。这一病毒后来在加州多次出现，每次都对猪进行扑杀。1952年，一辆从加州开出的火车运载了感染病毒的猪肉，饲喂废弃物的猪感染了这一病毒并将疾病传播到周边各州，最终导致43个州受到感染。1956年，屠宰厂禁止饲喂未煮熟的废弃物，并扑灭疾病。1959年，美国宣布这一疾病为外来疾病。
美国以外的仅有的病例是，1947年美国用船运输到夏威夷的屠宰猪肉以及1955年在冰岛美军基地使用未煮熟的猪肉泔水饲喂的猪。
在1972年以前，病毒的来源仍然十分神秘。1972年在聖米格爾島海狮上分离到的圣米格尔海狮病毒（San Miguel Sea Lion Virus，SMSV）是一个非常相似的病毒。这一病毒对猪攻毒会导致与猪水疱疹病毒的症状。
猪水疱疹病毒在猪与猪之间直接接触传播。新爆发疾病多数与饲喂未煮熟猪肉泔水有关。
猪水疱疹病毒只感染猪和海洋哺乳动物，不会感染牛、绵羊、山羊及其它物种。
发病猪的症状类似口蹄疫，包括高烧107 °F（42 °C）。鼻口部的上皮组织、嘴唇、鼻孔、舌头、蹄部及乳腺出现水泡。上皮组织的症状是该病与其它水泡病区别的特征。没有系统性病变。
猪水疱疹病毒的死亡率很低，但哺乳仔猪会出现死亡。
猪水疱疹病毒病与口蹄疫、猪水疱病类似，需进行实验室诊断鉴别。可供采用的方法包括补体结合试验、血清中和反应及PCR[1]。
目前仍没有针对猪水疱疹病毒的疫苗。
