Lepidaploa arborescens (L.) H. Rob.

Vernonia permollis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard. 4: 181. 1906.
Stems shrubby, branching, nearly terete, coarsely tomentose-pubescent; leaf-blades firm, broadly ovate, 6-9 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, entire, broadly rounded or subcordate at base, rugose above and finely scabrous-pubescent with impressed veins, softly and densely sericeous-villous beneath with gray or brown hairs, which are most abundant along the veins; petioles tomentose, 5-7 mm. long; upper leaves similar but smaller; inflorescence hemispheric or pyramidal; cymes short, crowded, irregularly branching, bearing few heads; bracteal leaves much shorter than the involucre or occasionally wanting; heads sessile, crowded, 11-flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high; scales loosely and irregularly imbricate, the outer lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely pubescent, the inner oblonglanceolate, sharply acute to acuminate, the exposed portion glabrous or with a tuft of hairs near the tip; achenes densely pubescent; pappus-bristles white, 4-5 mm. long, the outer scales 0.6-0.8 mm. long.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Distribution: Higher mountains of Jamaica.

Vernonia parvuliceps Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13 l5 : 71. 1914 Stems shrubby or herbaceous, erect, branching above, densely and finely tomentose; leaf-blades thin, firm, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 13-18 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, flat or somewhat revolute, rounded or broadly acute at base, dark-green and glabrate above, densely tomentose and conspicuously veined beneath; petioles 2-4 mm. long; bracteal leaves resembling the cauline in shape, gradually reduced in size and the upper barely exceeding the heads; cymes few, spreading, curved; heads crowded, 21-flowered; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high; scales erect and appressed, thinly pubescent, rather closely imbricate, the outer narrowly triangular-lanceolate with a carinate midvein, the inner lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate; achenes densely sericeous-pubescent; pappus pale-brown, the bristles 3 mm. long, the scales broad, 0.6 mm. long.
Type locality: Cuba.
Distribution: Cuba.

Vernonia icosantha DC. Prodr. 5: 49. 1836
Vernonia divaricata Less. Linnaea 4: 306. 1829. Not V. divaricate Sw. 1806.
Vernonia arborescens divaricata Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 353. 1861.
Cacalia arborescens divaricata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 323. 1891.
Vernonia ventosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 179. 1906.
Vernonia arborescens Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13": 41. 1914. Not V. arborescens Sw. 1806.
Stems shrubby, branching above, 1-3 m. high, finely striate, appressed-pubescent; leaf-blades thin, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 1.2-4 cm. wide, acute or shortacuminate, entire, broadly obtuse or rounded at the base, sparsely papillose-pubescent above, densely or thinly strigose-pubescent and more or less resinous-dotted beneath; cymes numerous, terminal and in the upper axils, 5-20 cm. long; bracteal leaves lanceolate to oblong, the lower much exceeding the involucres, the upper reduced in size; heads sessile, 1-2 cm. apart, 21flowered, involucre broadly eampanulate to hemispheric, 5-6 mm. high; scales loosely imbricate, erect or a little spreading, the outer linear-lanceolate, subulate, the inner oblong-lanceolate, sharply acute or acuminate; achenes pubescent; pappus-bristles white, 5 mm. long, the scales conspicuous, white, 1 mm. long.
Type locality: Martinique.
Distribution: Martinique. Guadeloupe, St. Vincent. Santa Lucia, Bequia.

Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1320. 1806
Conyza arborescens L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1213. 1759.
Vernonia divaricata Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1319. 1806.
Vernonia arborescens Swartziana Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 353. 1861.
Vernonia intonsa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 182. 1906.
Vernonia albicoma Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 185. 1906.
Vernonia amaranthina Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 40: 307. 1913.
Cacalia arborescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 323. 1891.
Stems shrubby, tall and erect, freely branching above, pubescent, becoming glabrate or puberulent with age; leaf-blades very variable, thin or firm, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, obtuse to short-acuminate, entire or repand, acute or rounded at base, flat or somewhat rugose, papillose-pubescent with short strigose hairs or scabrellate with persistent hair-bases above, sparingly pubescent to sericeous with papillose hairs, resinous-dotted, and prominently reticulately veined beneath ; inflorescence expanded or contracted, the cymes usually short and crowded; bracteal leaves much reduced in size or none; heads 11-29-flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-6 mm. high; scales loosely and irregularly imbricate in few series, not resinous, the outer sharply acute to nearly subulate, villous, the inner narrowly lanceolate, subacute to acuminate, villous at base and apex or throughout; achenes densely hirsute; pappus white, the bristles 4-5 mm. long, the scales 0.6-0.8 mm. long.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Distribution: Jamaica.