Cissampelos arenicola M. Nee & R. Ortiz

Twining, perennial; stems striate, the older ones woody and glabrous, the younger ones subherbaceous and sparsely silvery-pilose, unarmed, growing in tangled viny masses to at least 5 m high in shrubs and small trees, to 5 mm in diameter; plants dioecious or infrequently monoecious. Leaves spiral, ovate- to subreniform-trilobed, usually broader than long, 0.8–3 × 1.3–4 cm, leaves associated with the inflorescences usually much smaller, lateral lobes divergent, rounded at apex, terminal lobe rounded and apiculate to aristate at the apex, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glaucous, sparsely silvery-sericeous on both surfaces to nearly glabrous, palmately 6-nerved, basifixed or subpeltate with petiole inserted to 0.1–0.4 mm from the margin; petiole 5–17 mm long, pulvinulate at both ends. Staminate inflorescences: dichasium or monochasium, 1-2 from axils on adult or young leaves along the main stem or on young leaves of secondary axillary branches, silvery-pilose, peduncle 1.3–4.9 mm long, main axis of monochasium 1.2–3.2 mm long, bracts linear, 0.4–1.5 mm long; staminate flowers 5–6(–17); pedicels 0.5–1.6 mm long; sepals 4–6, 1.0–1.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm, obovate, shortly connate at base, concave, slightly spreading at anthesis, light cream-colored throughout, silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; petals usually 1, patelliform to barely cupuliform, 0.9–1.1 mm in diameter, or less frequently 3–4 and obovate, 0.7 × 1.1 mm, free, light cream-colored throughout, sparsely silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; synandrium 0.1–0.2 mm high, (6–)8(–10)-locular, loculi connate, transversely dehiscent, and radiating from a peltiform connective; carpellode absent. Pistillate inflorescences: 3–5 flowers fasciculate in the axils of adult or young leaves, sparsely silvery-pilose; pistillate flowers with pedicels 1.3–1.8 mm long; sepals and petals adaxial to the carpel; sepal 1(2), 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.2 mm, obovate, light cream-colored throughout, moderate silvery-pilose abaxially, less densely so adaxially; petals 1 (–3), subreniform, when 2 or 3, the petals free or partly to fully connate, opposite to the sepal, 0.7–0.9 × 0.9–1.4 mm, light cream-colored throughout, silvery-pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; sepal and petal soon deciduous, staminodes absent; carpel 1, gibbous, obliquely borne on pedicel, silvery-pilose, style 0.2–0.3 mm long, stigma 3–5-lobed, erect to spreading. Drupe globose, ca. 8 mm in diameter, glabrous, turning orange then red at maturity; mesocarp juicy; endocarp 6 × 7 mm, suborbicular-bilaterally compressed, with one tiny circular perforation on the lateral faces, ornamentation obscure, consisting of a very low medial ridge and obscurely transverse ridges (Fig. 3A); condyle bilaterally compressed, septiform (sensu Ortiz 2012).