Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Spiracle present. Snout and caudal peduncle subconical. Gill membranes joined to isthmus. Mouth transverse and lower lip with a split in the middle. The barbels are either smooth or slightly fimbriate. The length of the snout is highly variable (33.3-61 % head length). 20-49 gill rakers fan-like, each terminated by several tubercles. D:30-56. A:17-33 fin rays. 10-12 dorsal scutes; 32-62 lateral scutes; 7-16 (20) ventral scutes. The scutes of young specimens are sharply tipped, but no in adult ones. Numerous small bony plates are scattered between the rows of scutes. There is a great variability in the colouration: from light grey to a dark brown on back and sides, and from white to yellowish on the underside.
- Berg, L.S. - 1962. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries.Volume 1.Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. 4th edition. (Russian version published 1948).
- Birstein, V.J. - 1993. Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. 7:773-787.Conserv. Biol.
- Ruban, G.I. - 1997. Species structure, contemporary distribution and status of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 221-230.
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- Williot, P. & T. Roualt. - 1982. Compte rendu d'une première reproduction en France de l'esturgeon sibérien Acipenser baeri. Bull. Fr. Piscicult. 54(286): 255-261.
- bibliographic citation
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. . 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Main Siberian rivers from the Ob to Kolyma, in Lake Baikal, and rarely in the Pechora (Reshetnikov et al., 1997).
- bibliographic citation
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. . 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
The maximum size is 2 m in total length and 210 kg, but usually the do not exceed 65 kg. In the Lena and Kolyma Rivers, they are significantly smaller, normally not exceed 16 kg (Sokolov & Vasilev, 1989).
- bibliographic citation
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. . 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
During the day, they remain in places where the rive bed is deep and sometimes, congregate at the bottom of lakes. In Lake Baikal these fishes remain at a depth of 20-50 m, but they may descent at 100-150 m.The Siberian sturgeon is a semianadromous or freshwater species, most numerous in the middle and downstream sections of the rivers. They enter brackish water and travel into the bays of the Arctic Ocean.There are two forms of this species in the Siberian River basins: one semi-migratory that remains in estuaries or river deltas for feeding, and the other form, more or less resident in one locality and considerably less numerous than the migrating one.In Siberian waters it feeds mainly on benthic organisms, predominantly chironomid larvae, amphipods, isopods and polychaetes; large quantities of detritus and sediment that sometimes constitute more than 90 % of the stomach contents, are also ingested. This species does not cease feeding during the spawning migration or during the period of actual spawning. It feeds also beneath the ice during the wintering. Males first mature at an age no earlier than 17 or 18 years. First maturity in females is reached not earlier than at an age of 19-20 years. In the Lena River, males first attaining sexual maturity at 9-10 years old and females at an age of 11-12 years. The females do not spawn again until after a period of at least three to five years, while the males can ripen again after two to three years. The migratory form undertake a upstream migration to spawn. The migration is interrupted by hibernation in depressions in the river bed. Males reach the spawning grounds earlier than the females. The spawning period ranges from the end of May to mid-June at a water temperature from 9 to 18º C. Spawn occurs in the main channel of rivers over stony-gravel or gravelly-sand bottoms. The spawning of the resident form of this species are not far from the depressions in which they wintering.
- bibliographic citation
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. . 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
Highly commercial. It is one of the most valuable fishes in Siberia. Main catch always came from the Ob River system. At the present time, the populations are subject to overfishing in Lake Baikal and Yenisei River. This species appears to be a valuable candidate for introduction into new regions and for aquaculture (Sokolov & Vasilev, 1989).
- bibliographic citation
- Sokolov, L.I. & V.P. Vasilev. - 1989. Acipenser baeri Brandt, 1869. In J. Holcíck (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. I, Part. II: General introduction to fishes, Acipenseriformes. . 262-284. Aula-Verlag.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Extended snouts; four barbels in front of the mouth (Ref. 4639). The back is light grey to dark brown colored. The belly color varies from white to clear yellow. Five row s of scutes: 10-19D, 32-59L, 7-16V. Small star-like scutes between the main ones. Clearly slit inferior lip (Ref. 40476).
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Potamodromous species (Ref. 57765). In a natural environment, males reach sexual maturity at 9-1 5 years of age and females at 16-20 years (in water recirculation systems, sexual maturity can first occur at 5 years). Spawning happens in the summer and generally every two years. Membranes on eggs become increasingly more sticky after fertilization and this allows them to stick to the substratum. This can become a problem in nurseries, but it is solved by washing the eggs in clay or diatomaceous earth suspensions. Caviar (not fecundated ovocites ) can be over 1 0% of the corporal weight of a mature female. Incubationlasts about 1 6 days (at 10-1 5°). Larval development lasts about 20 days (at 18°). Egg size 3.0-3.6 mm, larval length at hatching 10-12 mm.
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Reported to reach a length of 153 TL (approximately 30,000 g) in the freshwater Shakujii Hatchery (Ref. 9978). Lives essentially in freshwater although some fish frequently occur in estuaries. Males are sexually mature between 9-15 years; females between 16-20 years (Ref. 11941).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Found in deep and shallow parts of rivers, with moderate to swift current usually at depths of 1 to 8 m (Ref. 57765). Adults live essentially in freshwater although some fish frequently occur in estuaries. Males are sexually mature between 9 and 29 years; females between 9 and 34 years (Ref. 57765). Spawn in main river channel over stone-gravel or gravel-sand bottom and with strong current (Ref. 59043).
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
Siberian sturgeon
provided by wikipedia EN
The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the Ob, Yenisei (which drains Lake Baikal via the Angara River) Lena, and Kolyma Rivers. It is also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob. The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.
Taxonomy
The Siberian sturgeon has previously been divided into two subspecies.[1] However, recent studies suggest they may be monotypic, forming continuous genetically connected populations throughout their vast range.[4]
The previous nominate taxon (A. b. baerii) accounts for 80% of all Siberian sturgeon and resides in the Ob River and its tributaries. This population migrates to mouth of the Ob during the winter due to seasonal oxygen deficiency, and swims thousands of kilometers upstream to spawn.
Also previously considered a subspecies, A. b. baicalensis, known as the Baikal sturgeon, is a lake population found primarily in the northern end of Lake Baikal, and migrates up the Selenga River to spawn.
Once considered a third subspecies, "A. b. stenorrhynchus" resides in the eastern Siberian rivers and displays two life history patterns: a more abundant migratory one which swims considerable distances (sometimes thousands of kilometers) upstream from estuaries and deltas to spawn, and a nonmigratory form.
Description and population status
Siberian sturgeon usually weigh about 65 kg, with considerable variability between and within river basins. The maximum recorded weight was 210 kg. As with all other acipenserids, the Siberian sturgeon are long-lived (up to 60 years), and late to reach sexual maturity (males at 11–24 years, females at 20–28 years). They spawn in strong current main stem river channels over stone or gravel substrates.[1]
The Siberian sturgeon feeds on a variety of benthic organisms, such as crustaceans and chironomid larvae.
The species had been in steep decline in its natural range due to habitat loss, degradation, and poaching.[1] Up to 40% of the Siberian sturgeon spawning habitat has been made inaccessible by damming. High levels of pollution in certain places have led to significant negative impacts on the reproductive development of gonads.[5]
Aquaculture
While wild catches have been generally declining, the Siberian sturgeon is increasingly farmed both for meat and to produce caviar from its roe. Because the Lena population of A. baerii completes its lifecycle in fresh water and sexually matures relatively early, it is the most common original broodstock for captive-bred specimens. The main producer of Siberian sturgeon caviar is France, while the largest meat producers are Russia and China.[6]
Female
A. baerii farm bred in Les, Vall d'Aran, Spain
References
-
^ a b c d Ruban, G.; Mugue, N. (2022). "Acipenser baerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T244A156718817. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
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^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Acipenser baerii" in FishBase. April 2022 version.
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^ Ruban, G.I. (1999). [The Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt (Structure and Ecology of the Species)]. Moscow. GEOS publishers. Pp. 235 (in Russian).
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^ Akimova, N.V. and Ruban, G.I. 2001. Reproductive System Condition and the Reason for Decreased Abundance of Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii in the Ob’ River. Journal of Ichthyology 41(2): 177-181.
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^ Jesús Matallanas, FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme - SIDP. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated . [Cited 18 June 2010]. http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Acipenser_baerii/en
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Siberian sturgeon: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the Ob, Yenisei (which drains Lake Baikal via the Angara River) Lena, and Kolyma Rivers. It is also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob. The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
