Papuodendron is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae.[1] In 1946 Cyril Tenison White described its first species, Papuodendron lepidotum, which was discovered growing in 1944 in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.[2] Its native range is New Guinea.[1]
Description
Papuodendron is an arborescent genus,[2] i.e. plants are tree-like.[3]
Taxonomy
Higher classification
The type species, Papuodendron lepidotum, was provisionally classified as a new species of Cumingia by Ulbricht, but was formally described as belonging to the then new genus of Papuodendron by White.[4] The higher classification of Papuodendron has been revised over time. White originally placed Papuodendron within the family Bombacaceae,[2] but noted similarities to both the family Bombacaceae and the tribe Hibisceae: Papuodendron is similar to the Bombacaceae in the arrangement of the anthers,[2] but similar to the Hibisceae in that the medullary rays do not feature tile cells,[2] a type of ray cell found within the wood of some trees,[5] which are a feature of the Bombacaceae.[2] White's placement of Papuodendron within the Bombacaceae was known to be problematic given its similarities to the Hibisceae,[6] and in 1960 André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans reduced the genus to Hibiscus,[7] thus transferring it to the Hibisceae. In 1966, Jan van Borssum Waalkes returned Papuodendron to the Bombacaceae,[8] albeit hesitantly.[9] In 2000, phylogenetic analysis showed Papuodendron to be within the Malviodeae, and that it was a sister genus to Hibiscus, thus supporting the placement of the genus within the Hibisceae.[10] By 2004, it was settled that Papuodendron belongs to the Malvaceae (within the subfamily Malvoideae) rather than the Bombacaceae.[11]
Distinction from Hibiscus
In 1960, when Kostermans transferred Papuodendron from the family Bombacaceae to the family Malveaceae, he also reduced the genus to Hibiscus on the basis the only difference between the two genera was the position of the anthers, which he considered insufficient to differentiate them.[7] In 1972, Wilhelmus Albertus van Heel supported Kostermans's reduction of Papuodendron to Hibiscus on the basis of anatomical studies showing insufficient differences to support Papuodendron being considered a different genus.[12] The 2000 phylogenetic analysis placing Papuodendron within the Hibisceae did not directly address whether it is a distinct genus.[10] As of 2022, there is ongoing debate as to whether Papuodendron is a distinct genus from Hibiscus: Plants of the World Online considers them distinct genera, but notes that Maarten J. M. Christenhusz et al. cite Papuodendron as Hibiscus.[1]
Species
As of 2022, Plants of the World Online lists the genus as comprising two species:[1]
References
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^ a b c d Papuodendron C.T.White. POWO (2022). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26009-1. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
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^ a b c d e f White, C. T. (1946). "Papuodendron, A New Genus of Arborescent Malvaceae from New Guinea". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 27 (3): 272–274. doi:10.5962/p.185543. ISSN 0004-2625. JSTOR 43781198. S2CID 196653979 – via JSTOR.
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^ "Arborescent | Definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
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^ van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1947). "Notes on a Number of New Guinean Species". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 28 (4): 419–423. doi:10.5962/p.185582. ISSN 0004-2625. JSTOR 43781265. S2CID 195556775 – via JSTOR.
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^ "Definition of TILE CELL". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
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^ Baum, David A.; Alverson, William S.; Nyffeler, Reto (1998). "A Durian by Any Other Name: Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Core Malvales". Harvard Papers in Botany. 3 (2): 315–330. ISSN 1043-4534. JSTOR 41761576 – via JSTOR.
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^ a b Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1960). "MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES 1*". Reinwardtia. 5 (3): 233–254. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v5i3.199 (inactive 31 December 2022). ISSN 2337-8824.
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^ van Borssum Waalkes, J. (1966). "Malesian Malvaceae revised". Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 14 (1): 1–213. ISSN 2212-1676 – via Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
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^ Fryxell, Paul A. (1968). "A Redefinition of the Tribe Gossypieae". Botanical Gazette. 129 (4): 296–308. doi:10.1086/336448. ISSN 0006-8071. JSTOR 2473094. S2CID 85400964 – via JSTOR.
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^ a b Nyffeler, R.; Baum, D. A. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships of the durians (Bombacaceae-Durioneae or /Malvaceae/Helicteroideae/Durioneae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 224 (1/2): 55–82. doi:10.1007/BF00985266. ISSN 0378-2697. JSTOR 23644160. S2CID 43469554 – via JSTOR.
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^ von Balthazar, Maria; Alverson, William S.; Schönenberger, Jürg; Baum, David A. (2004). "Comparative Floral Development and Androecium Structure in Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l.)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (4): 445–473. doi:10.1086/386561. ISSN 1058-5893. JSTOR 10.1086/386561. S2CID 84446601.
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^ van Heel, W. A. (1972). "THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF PAPUODENDRON C.T. WHITE AS ELUCIDATED BY ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS". Reinwardtia. 8 (2): 319–321. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v8i2.232 (inactive 31 December 2022). ISSN 2337-8824.
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^ Hibiscus hooglandianus Kosterm.. POWO (2022). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560362-1. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
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^ Papuodendron hooglandianum (Kosterm.) Borss.Waalk.. POWO (2022). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:562710-1. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
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^ Papuodendron lepidotum C.T.White. POWO (2022). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:562711-1. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
